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<<< < Предыдущая 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 2728 / 2928 29 > Следующая >>>

2016

, CPT/Inf (2017) 30, October 12, 2017, 31,

https://rm.coe.int/090000168075d656.

25. Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma),

Darkness We See

, 68,

70.

26. Umiastowski, “Torture in Poland,” 41.

27. CPT,

Report to the Portuguese Government

, CPT/Inf (2013) 35, 14.

28. Amnesty International,

Qatar: Briefing to the United Nations Committee

Against Torture

, MDE 22/001/2012, October 12, 2012, 3,

https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/MDE22/001/2012/en/.

29. CPT,

Report to the Spanish Government on the Visit to Spain Carried Out by

the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or

Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 27 September to 10 October

2016

, CPT/Inf (2017) 34, November 16, 2017, 40, 49,

https://rm.coe.int/pdf/168076696b.

30. CPT,

Report to the Turkish Government on the Visit to Turkey Carried Out by

the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or

Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 9 to 21 June 2013

, CPT/Inf

(2015) 6, January 15, 2015, 48, https://rm.coe.int/0900001680698344.

31. BMA,

Medicine Betrayed

, 46.

32. Alejandra Dandan, “Los Médicos que Actuaron en la ESMA” [The doctors

who acted in the ESMA],

Página 12

, July 23, 2015,

https://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/elpais/1-277713-2015-07-23.html.

33. Solzhenitsyn,

Gulag Archipelago

, 1:208.

34. Steven G. Bradbury, “Re: Application of 18 USC §§2340–2340A to Certain

Techniques That May Be Used in the Interrogation of a High Value Al Qaeda

Detainee,” memorandum for John A Rizzo, May 10, 2005, 16,

https://www.therenditionproject.org.uk/pdf/PDF%2016%20[Bradbury%20M

emo%20to%20Rizzo%20Certain%20Techniques%2010%20May%20200.pdf.

35. Amnesty International,

Brazil: “They Treat Us like Animals.”

36. Amnesty International,

Out of Control: Torture and Other Ill-Treatment in

Mexico

, AMR 41/020/2014, September 2014, 34, 40,

https://www.amnestyusa.org/reports/out-of-control-torture-and-other-Ill-

Treatment-in-mexico; Amnesty International,

Known Abusers but Victims

Ignored: Torture and Ill-Treatment in Mexico

, AMR 41/063/2012, October

2012, 18, http://www.casa-amnesty.de/laender/mex/ai-folterbericht-

2012/24106312-CAT-report-mexico-torture.pdf.

37. “Controversy Erupts Again.”

38. Albanian Rehabilitation Center for Trauma and Torture (ARCT),

Alternative

Report to the List of Issues (CAT/C/ALB/2)

, April 2012, 19,

https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1291059/1788_1344869356_arct-albania-

cat48.pdf.

39. Devanna, “Maternidad Ilegal de Campo.”

https://t.me/medicina_free

40. Voigt and Erler,

Medizin hinter Gittern

41. Kingsley and Loveluck, “Egyptian Doctors.”

42. Amnesty International,

Syria: Health Crisis: Syrian Government Targets the

Wounded and Health Workers

, MDE 24/059/2011, October 25, 2011,

4https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/MDE24/059/2011/en/.

43. Mikheil Ghoghadze, “Torture Still Happens in Georgia,” Democracy and

Freedom Watch, April 4, 2012, http://dfwatch.net/torture-still-happens-in-

georgia-38857.

44. Koryagin, “Involvement of Soviet Psychiatry,” 336–40.

45. Neyyire Yalim and Steven H. Miles, “The Physician and Prison Hunger Strikes:

Reflecting on the Experience in Turkey,”

Journal of Medical Ethics

31, no. 3

(April 2005): 169–72, https://doi.org/10.1136/jme.2004.006973.

46. CPT,

Report to the Bulgarian Government on the Visit to Bulgaria Carried Out

by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or

Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 25 April to 7 May 1999

CPT/Inf (2002) 1, January 28, 2002, 15,

https://rm.coe.int/090000168069403b.

47. Reis et al., “Physician Participation.”

48. UN Committee Against Torture, Concluding Observations on the Fifth

Periodic Report of Israel, CAT/C/ISR/CO/5 (June 3, 2016), 4,

http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?

symbolno=CAT/C/ISR/CO/5&Lang=En; PCATI and PHR–Israel,

Doctoring the

Evidence

, 30, 31, 34.

49. Iacopino,

Ending Impunity

, 2.

50. CPT,

Report to the Government of “the Former Yugoslav Republic of

Macedonia,”

CPT/Inf (2017) 30, 18.

51. Amnesty International,

Mexico: Surviving Death: Police and Military Torture

of Women in Mexico

, AMR 41/4237/2016, June 28, 2016, 40, 41,

https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/amr41/4237/2016/en/.

52. Amnesty International,

Doctors and Torture

; “Nepal: Torture of an 18-Year-

Old.”

53. Amnesty International,

Peru: Legislation Is Not Enough: Torture Must Be

Abolished in Practice

, AMR 46/017/1999, August 31, 1999, 16,

https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/amr46/017/1999/en/.

54. UN Commission on Human Rights, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the

Question of Torture, Sir Nigel S. Rodley, Submitted Pursuant to Commission

on Human Rights Resolution 1999/32 Addendum Visit by the Special

Rapporteur to Romania, E/CN.4/2000/9/Add.3 (November 23, 1999), 7, 10,

12, 13, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b0970.html.

55. CPT,

Report to the Spanish Government

, CPT/Inf (2017) 34.

56. “Sri Lanka: Another Man Is Severely Assaulted by the Inginiyagala Police,”

Asian Human Rights Commission, May 17, 2011,

https://t.me/medicina_free

http://www.humanrights.asia/news/urgent-appeals/AHRC-UAC-098–2011/;

“Sri Lanka: An Innocent Man Was Illegally Arrested, Tortured and Laid with a

Fabricated Charge,” Asian Human Rights Commission, February 3, 2012,

http://www.humanrights.asia/news/urgent-appeals/AHRC-UAC-016–2012/.

57. “Analytical Study about the Leaked Pictures.”

58. Amnesty International,

Tajikstan: Shattered Lives; Torture and Other Ill

Treatment in Tajikistan

, EUR 60/004/2012, July 12, 2012, 30, 32,

https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur60/004/2012/en/; Coalition

Against Torture and Impunity,

NGO Report on Tajikistan

, 50–53.

59. Amnesty International,

Thailand: “Make Him Speak by Tomorrow”: Torture

and Other Ill-Treatment in Thailand

, ASA 39/4747/2016, September 28, 2016,

9, 18, https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa39/4747/2016/en/; Cross

Cultural Foundation, Duayjai, and Patani Human Rights Organization,

Torture

and Ill Treatment in Thailand’s Deep South

60. Mary Salinsky, “Torture Continues in Turkey: Findings of New Report,”

Lancet

352, no. 9143 (1998): 1854, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140–6736(05)79918–

9; Amnesty International,

Doctors and Torture

, 1.

61. CPT,

Report to the Ukrainian Government

, CPT/Inf (2012) 30.

62. UN Economic and Social Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur,

E/CN.4/2003/68/Add.2.

63. Amnesty International,

Amnesty International Report 1997—Venezuela

January 1, 1997, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6a9f818.html; Amnesty

International,

Thailand: “Make Him Speak,”

9, 18.

64. Amnesty International,

Out of Control

, 13, 22, 27, 32, 36, 40; UN Economic

and Security Council, Question of the Human Rights of All Persons Subjected

to Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment, in Particular: Torture and Other

Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment,

E/CN.4/1998/38/Add.2 (January 14, 1998), 22, https://documents-dds-

ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G98/101/18/PDF/G9810118.pdf.

65. Amnesty International,

Morocco: Shadow of Impunity; Torture in Morocco

and Western Sahara

, MDE 29/001/2015, May 19, 2015, 48,

https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde29/001/2015/en/.

66. “Togo: Torture and Bullets Used against Government Opponents,”

Irin News

June 2, 2005, http://www.irinnews.org/Report/54775/TOGO-Torture-and-

bullets-used-against-government-opponents-victims.

67. UN Committee Against Torture, Combined Fifth and Sixth Periodic Reports of

Argentina, January 13, 2016, 6,

http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?

symbolno=CAT/C/ARG/5–6&Lang=en.

68. Colangelo-Bryan and Stork,

Torture Redux

, 147.

69. Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma),

Darkness We See

, 70.

70. Ehab, “Journalists Protest.”

https://t.me/medicina_free

71. Jayshree Bajoria,

Bound by Brotherhood: India’s Failure to End Killings in

Police Custody

(New York: Human Rights Watch, December 19, 2016),

https://www.hrw.org/report/2016/12/19/bound-brotherhood/indias-failure-

end-killings-police-custody; Bhatia, “Second Autopsy Finds”; Vinod K. Menon,

“CBI Books Dharavi Cops for Homicide in Custodial Death,” Mid-day.com,

January 23, 2016, http://www.mid-day.com/articles/cbi-books-dharavi-cops-

for-homicide-in-custodial-death/16889151.

72. Reis et al., “Physician Participation,” 1480–86; Lucas and Pross, “Caught

between Conscience,” 106–14.

73. Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma),

Darkness We See

, 9;

“Burma: Police Torture Man.”

74. Boo Su-Lyn, “Autopsy Shows ‘Torture’ but Rules Custodial Death Natural,”

Malaymail

, July 9, 2013,

https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2013/07/09/autopsy-shows-

torture-but-rules-custodial-death-natural-surendran-complains/492751.

75. Human Rights Watch,

Peru: Torture

76. Umiastowski, “Torture in Poland,” 41.

77. UN Economic and Social Council, Question of the Human Rights,

E/CN.4/1995/34, 115.

78. Lizzie Porter and Kareem Chehayeb, “Lebanese Army Accused of Torturing

Syrian Refugees,”

Middle East Eye

, July 17, 2017,

http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/exclusive-syrian-refugees-tortured-

death-lebanese-army-481522780.

79. Miles,

Oath Betrayed

, 74–82.

80. Maxwell G. Bloche,

Uruguay’s Military Physicians: Cogs in a System of State

Terror

(Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of

Science, 1987); Amnesty International, “Prescription for Change: Health

Professionals and the Exposure of Human Rights Violations at 42,” app. 2 in

Declaration on the Role of Health Professionals in the Exposure of Torture

and Ill-Treatment

, ACT 75/01/96, January 1996,

http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/healthprofessionalrole.html.

81. Amnesty International,

Algeria: Unrestrained Powers

82. “India: Detainee Succumbs to Torture by Police,” Asian Human Rights

Commission, May 22, 2014, http://www.humanrights.asia/news/urgent-

appeals/AHRC-UAC-076–2014.

83. UN Economic and Social Council, Question of the Human Rights,

E/CN.4/1995/34, 115.

84. Amnesty International,

Tajikstan: Shattered Lives

, 32; Coalition Against

Torture and Impunity,

NGO Report on Tajikistan

85. PCATI and PHR–Israel,

Doctoring the Evidence

, 34.

86. Iacopino,

Ending Impunity

, 2.

https://t.me/medicina_free

87. “Mauritania: Torture, Case MRT 030500,” World Organization Against

Torture, May 3, 2000, http://www.omct.org/urgent-campaigns/urgent-

interventions/mauritania/2000/05/d14924/; “Mauritania: Torture, Ill-

Treatment and Imprisonment of Haratine People, Case MRT 220800,” World

Organization Against Torture, August 22, 2000,

http://www.omct.org/urgent-campaigns/urgent-

interventions/mauritania/2000/08/d14775/.

88. Amnesty International,

Mexico: Surviving Death

, 28, 33, 40.

89. Human Rights Watch,

“No One Is Safe.”

90. CPT,

Report to the Turkish Government

, CPT/Inf (2015) 6, 17.

91. Amnesty International,

Azerbaijan: Torture and Ill-Treatment: Comments on

the Forthcoming Review by the United Nations Committee Against Torture

EUR 55/02/99, 1999, 23,

https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/148000/eur550021999en.p

df; Human Rights Center of Azerbaijan and FIDH,

Compliance of the Republic

of Azerbaijan with the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman

or Degrading Treatment and Punishment: An Alternative NGO Report to the

UN Committee Against Torture

, 2009, 10,

http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cat/docs/ngos/HRCA_FIDH_Azerbaija

n43.pdf.

92. Colangelo-Bryan and Stork,

Torture Redux

, 147.

93. PCATI and PHR–Israel,

Doctoring the Evidence

, 32.

94. UN Committee Against Torture, Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel,

Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment: Concluding Observations on

the Fifth Periodic Report of Israel, CAT/C/ISR/CO/5 (June 3, 2016), 4, 10,

https://www.refworld.org/docid/57a99c6a4.html; “Adoption of List of Issues

Prior to Reporting by the Committee Against Torture,” PCATI, 2012,

http://www.stoptorture.org.il/en/node/1804; Mariam Jishkariani et al.,

“Session Two: Concurrent Panels: Sessions Involving Marginalized Groups,”

Human Rights Brief

19, no. 4 (2012): 30–31,

http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?

article=1831&context=hrbrief.

95. Human Rights Watch,

Suspicious Sweeps: The General Intelligence

Department and Jordan’s Rule of Law Problem

, 2006,

https://www.hrw.org/report/2006/09/18/suspicious-sweeps/general-

intelligence-department-and-jordans-rule-law-problem.

96. UN General Assembly, Report of the Special Rapporteur,

A/HRC/13/39/Add.3, 43, 48.

97. UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan and Office of the UN High

Commissioner for Human Rights, Treatment of Conflict-Related Detainees:

Implementation of Afghanistan’s National Plan on the Elimination of Torture,

April 2017, 57,

https://t.me/medicina_free

https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/treatment_of_conflict-

related_detainees_24_april_2017.pdf.

98. Albanian Human Rights Group (AHRG), Center for Legal Civic Initiatives

(CLCI), Children’s Human Rights Center of Albania (CIRCA), and

Organization Mondiale contre la Torture (OMCT),

State Violence in Albania:

An Alternative Report to the United Nations Committee Against Torture

, April

18, 2005, 73,

http://www.crca.al/sites/default/files/publications/First%20Alternative%20

Report%20to%20the%20Convention%20Against%20Torture%20-

%20Albania%202005.pdf.

99. UK Home Office,

Report of Fact-Finding Mission

100. Amnesty International,

Israel and the Occupied Territories

101. UN Human Rights Council, Observations on Communications, 105–6.

102. Sarah Dougherty and Scott A. Allen,

Nuremberg Betrayed: Human

Experimentation and the CIA Torture Program

(New York: PHR, 2017),

https://phr.org/resources/nuremberg-betrayed-human-experimentation-and-

the-cia-torture-program/; Miles,

Oath Betrayed

, 186–98.

103. Proctor,

Racial Hygiene

https://t.me/medicina_free

BIBLIOGRAPHIC NOTE

This book must be considered to be a low-resolution picture of

torture doctors. A high-resolution picture is not possible. Most

information never sees the light of day. The tiny amount that

emerges is difficult to find. No nation, human rights organization, or

medical association maintains a registry of physicians who have

been alleged or confirmed to have collaborated with torture. Few

courts or licensing boards make records public, and none have

search engines that facilitate searching for torture doctor cases.

Journalists haphazardly cover this topic; their postings are often

censored, and their websites are annoyingly ephemeral. The brave

human rights groups that document medical complicity with torture

are often shut down and their websites disappeared. There are no

indexes or keywords for searching the general or academic

literature. Any piece that contains the words

doctor

physician

and

torture

in English or Spanish must be tediously excavated and

examined. Most simply describe the account of a physician who has

examined a survivor or performed an autopsy.

A few organizations seem especially likely to note physician

complicity with torture:

• Amnesty International (http://www.amnesty.org)

• Asian Human Rights Commission

(http://www.humanrights.asia)

• European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and

Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT)

https://t.me/medicina_free

(http://www.cpt.coe.int/en/about.htm)

• Human Rights Watch (HRW) (http://www.hrw.org)

• Physicians for Human Rights (https://phr.org)

• UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Special

Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or

Degrading Treatment or Punishment

(http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/torture/rapporteur/)

• World Organization Against Torture (http://www.omct.org)

Two older books focus on physician complicity with torture: Eric

Stover and Elena O. Nightingale, eds.,

The Breaking of Bodies and

Minds: Torture, Psychiatric Abuse, and the Health Professions

, and

the British Medical Association,

Medicine Betrayed: The Participation

of Doctors in Human Rights Abuses

. Aside from these, there are

countless reports, chapters, and articles, as cited throughout this

book.

The literature on the human rights movement is far too

extensive to list. With sincere apologies to those omitted, at least

one of these would serve as the worthy core of any reading

program: Lynn Hunt’s

Inventing Human Rights

, Juan E. Mendez’s

Taking a Stand: The Evolution of Human Rights

, Aryeh Neier’s

The

International Human Rights Movement

, or Darius Rejali’s

Torture

and Democracy

https://t.me/medicina_free

INDEX

accountability of torture doctors: by courts-martial, 67, 93, 107, 123–27

by denouncing, 4–6, 20, 44, 51, 66, 72, 76, 96, 94, 99, 101–3, 109, 117–18,

120–21, 125

by domestic courts, xi, 66–67, 94, 99–102, 104, 105–8, 131

by international courts, 8, 13, 100, 106, 118

by medical licensing boards, xi, 5–6, 61–62, 85, 89, 94, 96–100, 103, 105–10,

113, 116, 119–20, 125–27, 131

by medical professional associations, 95–96, 99, 100, 105

by revocation of clinical privileges, xi, 85, 100, 102, 105.