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Essentials of Biopharmaceutics
and Pharmacokinetics
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Essentials of
Biopharmaceutics
and Pharmacokinetics
Ashutosh Kar
Formerly
Professor, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University,
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Dean, Chairman and Professor, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Guru Jambheshwar University, Hisar, India
Professor, School of Pharmacy, Al Arab Medical University,
Benghazi, Libya
Professor, College of Pharmacy, University of Delhi,
Delhi, India
Professor and Head, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria,
Nsukka, Nigeria
ELSEVIER
A division of Reed Elsevier India Private Limited
Essentials of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics
KAR
ELSEVIER
A division of Reed Elsevier India Private Limited.
Mosby, Saunders, Churchill Livingstone, Butterworth Heinemann and Hanley & Belfus are the Health Science
imprints of Elsevier
© 2011 Elsevier
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
any means – electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and
retrieval system – without permission in writing from the publisher.
ISBN: 978-81-312-2639-1
Notice
Knowledge and best practice in this fi eld are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our
knowledge, changes in practice, treatment and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate. Readers are
advised to check the most current information provided (1) on procedures featured or (2) by the manufacturer
of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and the duration
of administration, and the contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner, relying on their own
experience and knowledge of the patient, and to take diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment
for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither
the Publisher nor the Authors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising
out or related to any use of the material contained in this book.
The Publisher
Registered Offi ce: 622, Indraprakash Building, 21 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi-110 001.
Corporate Offi ce: 14th Floor, Building No. 10B, DLF Cyber City, Phase II, Gurgaon-122002, Haryana, India.
Commissioning Editor: Nilabh Ranjan
Development Editor: Subodh K. Chauhan
Manager - Publishing Operations: Sunil Kumar
Manager - Production: N.C. Pant
Laser typeset by ACE PRO India P. Ltd.
Printed and bound at Rajkamal Electric Press, Kundli, Haryana, India.
Dedicated to
Leena
For the infi nite joy and for her amazing grandmothering
Aditi and Aryan
For the eternal sunshine they fi ll in our lives with
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PREFACE

Essentials of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics correlates the intricacies involved in the interdisciplinary
interaction of two qualitative subjects. The text has been designed in a manner so as to help its readers
comprehend the subjects with the insight of a researcher. The primary objective of this textbook is to
provide the reader an in-depth knowledge of the principles of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics,
which could be extended wisely to the product development as well as the drug therapies. The teachers
indeed would fi nd the subject matter quite user friendly and the students shall be able to grasp the basic
concepts of complex topics like critical drug-delivery modalities and effective safe drug therapy.
The pharmacy degree (B. Pharm.) students in all Indian universities shall be duly benefi tted from this
textbook because the course content in it has been carefully developed as per the latest prescribed syllabi
for B. Pharm. This book shall further enrich the knowledge of R&D scientists in the pharmaceutical
industry in general and those associated with Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics
in particular.
The entire course content has been categorized into fi ve sections, namely
Section 1: Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: What Do They Mean?
Section 2: Biopharmaceutics
Section 3: Pharmacokinetics
Section 4: Clinical Pharmacokinetics
Section 5: Bioavailability and Bioequivalence
Each section in the book deals with a brief introduction, defi nition, classifi cation, exemplifi cation,
laws, graphics, diagrammatic representations, illustrations and highlights, and concludes with Selected
Biography and Review Questions.
Besides maintaining a logical chain of continuity in all the fi ve sections in a lucid manner, an attempt
has been made to include very interesting examples that will create enough interest in the fi elds of
Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics.
The author solemnly believes that this book will provide a positive help and an urgent need to
all aspirant UG/PG pharmacy students across the various Indian universities. Any suggestions for
improvement of the book are invited.
The author would like to place on record the excellent help and cooperation by the entire publishing
team of Elsevier in bringing out this book in a record time frame.
Ashutosh Kar
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