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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_4011_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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460 Index
bleeding events, 252–254
clinical outcomes, 243
concomitant heparin therapy, 259
dosing, 258, 259
high-risk patient targeting, 265, 266
mortality, 248–252, 254
myocardial infarction, 251, 252, 254
overview, 237, 238
patient selection, 241, 242
primary therapy vs percutaneous
intervention effect, 255–257
study designs, 241
ACS, see Acute coronary syndromes
ACUTE II, low-molecular-weight heparin
use with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor
antagonists, 354
Acute coronary syndromes (ACS), see also
specific diseases,
direct thrombin inhibitor trials, 355, 356
history of management, 4, 5
low-molecular-weight heparin therapy,
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
combination trials, 354, 355
management, 348, 349
pathophysiology, 3, 4
percutaneous coronary intervention, see
Percutaneous coronary intervention
plaque rupture, factors affecting,
inflammatory markers, 10–12
lipid content, 9
overview, 8, 9
thickness of fibrous cap, 10
triggers, 12, 13
thrombosis components,
atherosclerotic plaque, 6–13
coagulation cascade, 16-18
endothelium, 5, 6
pathophysiology, 73–75
platelets, 13–16
types, 3
ADMIRAL,
acute myocardial infarction, percutaneous
coronary intervention, and abciximab
therapy, 280–282
diabetic findings, 385
facilitated percutaneous coronary
intervention, 445
intertrial comparison,
clinical efficacy,
endpoint at 30 d, 179–183
general blockade effects, 190, 191
patient subgroups, 182
specific agent comparison, 191, 192
combination therapy, 178, 179
drug regimens, 177, 178
entry criteria, 177
heparin regimens and vascular access
site management, 178
long-term efficacy,
acute ischemic endpoints, 184, 185
mortality, 185, 186
overview, 182, 184
safety, 187–189
target vessel revascularization,
186, 187
safety,
bleeding, 192, 193
emergency coronary bypass
surgery, 193
readministration, 194
thrombocytopenia, 189, 193, 194
trial conduct and endpoints, 179
ST-elevation myocardial infarction,
431, 445
study design,
algorithms, 170, 171
entry criteria, 172
heparin regimens and vascular sheath
removal, 173
overview, 176
ADP, receptors and signaling cross-talk, 49, 50
Angioguard, emboli protection device, 402,
403, 405, 406
Antithrombin III,
heparin binding, 17
thrombin binding, 17
Argatroban,
acute coronary syndrome trials, 355, 356
percutaneous coronary intervention,
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
combination trials, 358, 359
management, 356, 357
thrombin inhibition, 347, 348
Aspirin,
atherosclerosis benefits, 437, 438
dosing, 438
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
interactions, 336
hemorrhagic stroke complication during
acute ischemic stroke therapy,
415, 416
history of use, 4
https://t.me/med1917
Index 461
percutaneous carotid intervention
adjunctive therapy, 400, 414
primary prevention, 438
resistance, 365
stroke benefits, 74, 75, 412, 413, 415
unstable angina management, 235
ASSENT-3, fibrinolysis, acute myocardial
ischemia, and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
receptor blockade, 298, 300
Atherosclerotic plaque,
classification of lesions, 7–9
progression of disease, 7–9
rupture, factors affecting,
inflammatory markers, 10–12, 388, 389
lipid content, 9
overview, 8, 9, 427
thickness of fibrous cap, 10
triggers, 12, 13
B
Bivalirudin,
acute coronary syndrome trials, 355, 356
percutaneous coronary intervention,
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
combination trials, 358, 359
management, 356, 357
thrombin inhibition, 347, 348
Bleeding time, platelet function assay, 328
BRAVO, study design and outcomes, 372,
377, 378, 437
C
CABG, see Coronary artery bypass grafting
CADILLAC,
acute myocardial infarction, percutaneous
coronary intervention and abciximab
therapy, 281, 283
intertrial comparison,
clinical efficacy,
endpoint at 30 d, 179–183
general blockade effects, 190, 191
patient subgroups, 182
specific agent comparison, 191, 192
combination therapy, 178, 179
drug regimens, 177, 178
entry criteria, 177
heparin regimens and vascular access
site management, 178
long-term efficacy,
acute ischemic endpoints, 184, 185
mortality, 185, 186
overview, 182, 184
safety, 187–189
target vessel revascularization,
186, 187
safety,
bleeding, 192, 193
emergency coronary bypass
surgery, 193
readministration, 194
thrombocytopenia, 189, 193, 194
trial conduct and endpoints, 179
study design,
algorithms, 170, 171
entry criteria, 172
heparin regimens and vascular sheath
removal, 173
overview, 176
Calcium, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor
binding, 47, 48
Calpain, activation in platelet aggregation, 54
CAPRIE, outcomes, 439
CAPTURE,
economic analysis, 312
intertrial comparison,
clinical efficacy,
endpoint at 30 d, 179–183
general blockade effects, 190, 191
patient subgroups, 182
specific agent comparison, 191, 192
combination therapy, 178, 179
drug regimens, 177, 178
entry criteria, 177
heparin regimens and vascular access
site management, 178
long-term efficacy,
acute ischemic endpoints, 184, 185
mortality, 185, 186
overview, 182, 184
safety, 187–189
target vessel revascularization,
186, 187
safety,
bleeding, 192, 193
emergency coronary bypass
surgery, 193
readministration, 194
thrombocytopenia, 189, 193, 194
trial conduct and endpoints, 179
study design,
algorithms, 170, 171
entry criteria, 172
https://t.me/med1917
462 Index
heparin regimens and vascular sheath
removal, 173
overview, 175
unstable angina trial of abciximab,
angiogram assessment, 207–209, 211,
212, 216, 222–225
arteriography and angioplasty, 207,
212, 213
baseline characteristics of patients,
215, 216
comparison with other trials, 226–229
electrocardiography, 206
endpoints,
4-yr follow-up, 219–221
30 d, 216–218
flow of patients, 214
independent data reporting measures, 206
patient selection, 204, 205
pilot trial outcomes, 209–213
prognostic factors, 219, 221, 222
safety, 218, 219
statistical analysis, 206, 207, 209
study design, 205, 206
Carotid angioplasty and stenting,
adjunctive therapy,
abciximab, 400, 401
aspirin, 400, 414
clopidogrel, 400, 414
heparin, 414
ticlopidine, 400, 414
advantages, 397
emboli protection devices, 402–406
historical perspective, 397, 413, 414
stent studies and outcomes, 397–400, 414
CD11b/18,
abciximab binding, 384
acute coronary disease modulation, 384
antiinflammatory effects of blocking, 389
CD40L,
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor binding, 40,
42, 43, 47, 57, 58
inflammation role, 57, 58
Citrate, eptifibatide interactions, 89, 90
Clopidogrel,
CAPRIE trial, 439
CURE trial, 439
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
interactions, 336, 337
percutaneous carotid intervention
adjunctive therapy, 400, 414
stroke prevention trials, 413
unstable angina management, 236, 237
Clot Signature Analyzer (CSA), platelet
function assay, 333, 334
Coagulation cascade,
inhibition, 17, 18, 441, 442
tissue factor-dependent pathway, 16, 17
Collagen,
platelet,
adhesion, 24, 25
receptors, 31
receptors and signaling cross-talk, 49–51
COMPARE, dosing, 442
Cone and platelet analyzer (CPA), platelet
function assay, 332
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG),
emergency surgery incidence with
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor
blockade, 193
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade
indication, 448, 449
Cost-effectiveness, see Economic analysis
CPA, see Cone and platelet analyzer
C-reactive protein (CRP),
atherosclerotic plaque rupture role, 11, 12
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade
effects, 387, 388
risk assessment in CAPTURE trial,
219, 221
stent induction, 387
CRP, see C-reactive protein
CSA, see Clot Signature Analyzer
CURE, outcomes, 439
D
Diabetes,
abciximab studies, 385
pooled trial findings for glycoprotein IIb/
IIIa receptor blockade, 121, 122
E
Economic analysis,
abciximab in ST-elevation myocardial
infarction, 317
cost,
classification, 306, 307
clinical trial measurement, 309
measurement, 307, 308
cost-effectiveness analysis, definition and
goals, 309
eptifibatide in acute coronary syndromes,
PURSUIT analysis, 315–317
https://t.me/med1917
Index 463
percutaneous coronary intervention,
abciximab,
CAPTURE, 312
EPIC, 309–311
EPILOG, 311, 312
EPISTENT, 312, 313
eptifibatide,
ESPRIT, 314, 315
IMPACT II, 314
tirofiban and RESTORE trial, 315
prescription drug development and
marketing costs, 425
principles, 305–307
secondary prevention, 317
tirofiban and abciximab comparison in
TARGET, 317, 318
EDRF, see Endothelium-derived relaxation
factor
Electrical impedance aggregometry, platelet
function assay, 327
Endothelium,
platelet binding, 13, 14, 24, 25
vasoactive substance production, 5–7,
11, 24
Endothelium-derived relaxation factor
(EDRF), see Nitric oxide
EPIC,
economic analysis, 309–311
intertrial comparison,
clinical efficacy,
endpoint at 30 d, 179–183
general blockade effects, 190, 191
patient subgroups, 182
specific agent comparison, 191, 192
combination therapy, 178, 179
drug regimens, 177, 178
entry criteria, 177
heparin regimens and vascular access
site management, 178
long-term efficacy,
acute ischemic endpoints, 184, 185
mortality, 185, 186, 391–393
overview, 182, 184
safety, 187–189
target vessel revascularization,
186, 187
safety,
bleeding, 192, 193
emergency coronary bypass
surgery, 193
readministration, 194
thrombocytopenia, 189, 193, 194
trial conduct and endpoints, 179
percutaneous coronary intervention trial
of abciximab,
clinical efficacy, 111, 112, 114
overview, 110, 111
pooled trial findings,
diabetes, 121, 122
endpoints after 30 d, 113
mortality, 120
unstable angina, 121
safety, 114, 115
study design, 111
platelet inhibition levels and thrombotic
event protection, 322, 323
study design,
algorithms, 170, 171
entry criteria, 172
heparin regimens and vascular sheath
removal, 173
overview, 169
EPILOG,
economic analysis, 311, 312
intertrial comparison,
clinical efficacy,
endpoint at 30 d, 179–183
general blockade effects, 190, 191
patient subgroups, 182
specific agent comparison, 191, 192
combination therapy, 178, 179
drug regimens, 177, 178
entry criteria, 177
heparin regimens and vascular access
site management, 178
long-term efficacy,
acute ischemic endpoints, 184, 185
mortality, 185, 186, 391–393
overview, 182, 184
safety, 187–189
target vessel revascularization,
186, 187
safety,
bleeding, 192, 193
emergency coronary bypass
surgery, 193
readministration, 194
thrombocytopenia, 189, 193, 194
trial conduct and endpoints, 179
percutaneous coronary intervention trial
of abciximab,
clinical efficacy, 116, 117
https://t.me/med1917
464 Index
overview, 115
safety, 117
study design, 115, 116
pooled trial findings,
diabetes, 121, 122
endpoints after 30 d, 113
mortality, 120
unstable angina, 121
study design,
algorithms, 170, 171
entry criteria, 172
heparin regimens and vascular sheath
removal, 173
overview, 169
EPISTENT,
economic analysis, 312, 313
intertrial comparison,
clinical efficacy,
endpoint at 30 d, 179–183
general blockade effects, 190, 191
patient subgroups, 182
specific agent comparison, 191, 192
combination therapy, 178, 179
drug regimens, 177, 178
entry criteria, 177
heparin regimens and vascular access
site management, 178
long-term efficacy,
acute ischemic endpoints, 184, 185
mortality, 185, 186, 391–393
overview, 182, 184
safety, 187–189
target vessel revascularization,
186, 187
safety,
bleeding, 192, 193
emergency coronary bypass
surgery, 193
readministration, 194
thrombocytopenia, 189, 193, 194
trial conduct and endpoints, 179
non-ST-elevation acute coronary
syndromes, 429
percutaneous coronary intervention trial
of abciximab,
clinical efficacy, 118–120
overview, 117, 118
safety, 120
study design, 118
pooled trial findings,
diabetes, 121, 122, 385
endpoints after 30 d, 113
mortality, 120
unstable angina, 121
study design,
algorithms, 170, 171
entry criteria, 172
heparin regimens and vascular sheath
removal, 173
overview, 174
Eptifibatide,
calcium effects on glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
receptor binding, 48
citrate effect, 89, 90
economic analysis,
acute coronary syndromes, PURSUIT
analysis, 315–317
percutaneous coronary intervention,
ESPRIT, 314, 315
IMPACT II, 314
evidence-based selection, 450
fibrinolysis, acute myocardial ischemia,
and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor
blockade,
IMPACT-AMI, 291
streptokinase studies, 291
low-molecular-weight heparin combination
therapy, 352, 354, 355
mechanism of action, 125, 126
percutaneous coronary intervention trials,
ESPRIT,
baseline characteristics of
participants, 139, 140
clinical efficacy, 140–145
safety, 143, 144
study design, 136–138
subgroup analysis, 140
IMPACT II,
adverse events, 131
clinical efficacy, 128–130
composite endpoint components, 131
dosing issues, 132, 134
study design, 127, 128
time to events, 130, 131
phase II trials,
IMPACT, 127
IMPACT Hi/Low, 127
PRIDE, 134, 136
PURSUIT, 134
pharmacokinetics, 88–90, 168, 386
receptor selectivity, 88, 89
trials, see ESPRIT; IMPACT II; PURSUIT
https://t.me/med1917
Index 465
unstable angina trials, see also
PURSUIT,
angiographic observations, 268, 269
benefits, 264, 265
bleeding events, 252–254
clinical outcomes, 243
concomitant heparin therapy, 259
dosing, 258, 259
high-risk patient targeting, 265, 266
mortality, 248–252, 254
myocardial infarction, 251, 252, 254
overview, 245–247
patient selection, 241, 242
primary therapy vs percutaneous
intervention effect, 255–257
study designs, 241
ESPRIT,
baseline characteristics of participants,
139, 140
clinical efficacy, 140–145
economic analysis, 314, 315
intertrial comparison,
clinical efficacy,
endpoint at 30 d, 179–183
general blockade effects, 190, 191
patient subgroups, 182
specific agent comparison,
191, 192
combination therapy, 178, 179
drug regimens, 177, 178
entry criteria, 177
heparin regimens and vascular access
site management, 178
long-term efficacy,
acute ischemic endpoints, 184, 185
mortality, 185, 186
overview, 182, 184
safety, 187–189
target vessel revascularization,
186, 187
safety,
bleeding, 192, 193
emergency coronary bypass
surgery, 193
readministration, 194
thrombocytopenia, 189, 193, 194
trial conduct and endpoints, 179
non-ST-elevation acute coronary
syndromes, 429, 430
platelet inhibition levels and thrombotic
event protection, 323
safety, 143, 144
study design,
algorithms, 170, 171
entry criteria, 172
heparin regimens and vascular sheath
removal, 173
overview, 136–138, 174, 175
subgroup analysis, 140
EXCITE, study design and outcomes, 370,
373, 374, 436
F
Factor Xa, inhibitor therapy, 441
Fibrinogen,
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor binding,
activated platelets, 40, 45, 46, 77
unstimulated platelets, 52
platelet adhesion, 25, 26
Fibrinolysis,
acute myocardial ischemia and glycoprotein
IIb/IIIa receptor blockade,
abciximab,
ASSENT-3, 298, 300
GUSTO-V, 295–297
TAMI 8, 290
eptifibatide,
IMPACT-AMI, 291
streptokinase studies, 291
lamifiban, PARADIGM trial, 291
limitations of tissue plasminogen
activator monotherapy, 289
rationale, 290
recommendations, 300, 301
reduced dose fibrinolysis trials,
phase II trials, 291–295
phase III trials, 295–300
ST-elevation myocardial infarction,
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor
blockade, 431, 432
stroke management, see Stroke
Fibronectin,
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor binding, 46
platelet adhesion, 24, 25
structure, 45
Flow cytometry, platelet function assay,
327, 328
FRISC-II, upstream therapy, 444
FROST,
outcomes, 437
platelet inhibition levels and thrombotic
event protection, 324
https://t.me/med1917
466 Index
G
Gas-6, thrombus stability role, 42, 43
Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia,
clinical features, 75, 76
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor deficiency, 76
Glycoprotein Ib/IX receptor, platelet adhesion
role, 30, 31
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor,
antagonists, see also specific drugs,
evidence-based selection, 450
interaction with other antiplatelet
agents, 335–337
mechanisms of action, 15, 342
platelet-derived growth factor effects,
59, 60
rationale for development, 23, 32, 39,
40, 73, 79, 342, 343, 427
structural overview, 47, 147
thrombin formation reduction, 59
calcium binding, 47, 48
cytoskeletal interactions, 55
deficiency in Glanzmann’s
thrombasthenia, 76
inflammation role, 40, 42, 43, 47, 57–59
ligand-induced binding site epitopes, 48, 49
ligands, 31, 40, 45–47, 78
platelets,
abundance on platelet surface, 15, 41
activation, 15, 16, 41
adhesion role, 31, 32
aggregation,
outside-in signal transduction, 52–55
role, 41, 42
signaling, 40, 42, 49-51
stimulus-induced activation, 49–52
polymorphisms and cardiovascular risks,
56, 57, 376, 449
prospects for study, 60, 61
recognition specificity, 15, 31, 45, 147
shuttling, 41
structure, 43–45
thrombus stability role, 42, 43
upregulation of expression, 41
GOLD,
dosing, 442
platelet inhibition levels and thrombotic
event protection, 325
GUSTO-IV,
abciximab unstable angina trial,
angiographic observations, 268, 269
benefits, 264, 265
bleeding events, 252–254
clinical outcomes, 243
concomitant heparin therapy, 259
dosing, 258, 259
high-risk patient targeting, 265, 266
mortality, 248–252, 254
myocardial infarction, 251, 252, 254
overview, 237, 238
patient selection, 241, 242
primary therapy vs percutaneous
intervention effect, 255–257
study designs, 241
facilitated percutaneous coronary inter-
vention, 445, 446
non-ST-elevation acute coronary
syndromes, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
receptor blockade, 435
GUSTO-V, fibrinolysis, acute myocardial
ischemia, and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
receptor blockade, 295–297
H
Heart failure, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor
blockade, 447, 448
Heparin, see also Low-molecular-weight
heparin,
antithrombin complex, 344
history of use, 4
limitations, 346, 439
percutaneous carotid intervention
adjunctive therapy, 414
stroke risks, 410–412, 415, 416
structure, 344–346
thrombin inhibition, 344–346
Hirudin,
acute coronary syndrome trials, 355, 356
percutaneous coronary intervention,
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
combination trials, 358, 359
management, 356, 357
thrombin inhibition, 347
I
ICAM, see Intercellular adhesion molecule
IL-1, see Interleukin-1
IL-6, see Interleukin-6
IMPACT, eptifibatide trial, 127
IMPACT II,
adverse events, 131
clinical efficacy, 128–130
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Index 467
composite endpoint components, 131
dosing issues, 132, 134, 442
economic analysis, 314
intertrial comparison,
clinical efficacy,
endpoint at 30 d, 179–183
general blockade effects, 190, 191
patient subgroups, 182
specific agent comparison, 191, 192
combination therapy, 178, 179
drug regimens, 177, 178
entry criteria, 177
heparin regimens and vascular access
site management, 178
long-term efficacy,
acute ischemic endpoints, 184, 185
mortality, 185, 186
overview, 182, 184
safety, 187–189
target vessel revascularization,
186, 187
safety,
bleeding, 192, 193
emergency coronary bypass sur-
gery, 193
readministration, 194
thrombocytopenia, 189, 193, 194
trial conduct and endpoints, 179
platelet inhibition levels and thrombotic
event protection, 323
study design,
algorithms, 170, 171
entry criteria, 172
heparin regimens and vascular sheath
removal, 173
overview, 127, 128, 174
time to events, 130, 131
IMPACT-AMI, fibrinolysis, acute myocardial
ischemia, and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
receptor blockade, 291
IMPACT Hi/Low, eptifibatide trial, 127
Integrins, see also Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
receptor,
platelet receptors, 27–30, 77, 79
structure of adhesion receptors, 27, 28
INTERACT, low-molecular-weight heparin
use with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor
antagonists, 355
Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM),
atherosclerotic plaque rupture role, 11
reperfusion limitation role, 278
Interleukin-1 (IL-1), atherosclerotic plaque
rupture role, 11, 12
Interleukin-6 (IL-6),
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade
effects, 387, 388
stent induction, 387
ISAR-2
acute myocardial infarction, percutaneous
coronary intervention, and abciximab
therapy, 279–281
intertrial comparison,
clinical efficacy,
endpoint at 30 d, 179–183
general blockade effects, 190, 191
patient subgroups, 182
specific agent comparison, 191, 192
combination therapy, 178, 179
drug regimens, 177, 178
entry criteria, 177
heparin regimens and vascular access
site management, 178
long-term efficacy,
acute ischemic endpoints, 184, 185
mortality, 185, 186
overview, 182, 184
safety, 187–189
target vessel revascularization,
186, 187
safety,
bleeding, 192, 193
emergency coronary bypass
surgery, 193
readministration, 194
thrombocytopenia, 189, 193, 194
trial conduct and endpoints, 179
study design,
algorithms, 170, 171
entry criteria, 172
heparin regimens and vascular sheath
removal, 173
overview, 175, 176
K
Klerval,
pharmacology, 366, 367
phase II trials, 367, 368
L
Lamifiban,
fibrinolysis, acute myocardial ischemia,
and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor
blockade,
https://t.me/med1917
468 Index
unstable angina trials, see also
PARAGON-A; PARAGON-B,
bleeding events, 252–254
clinical outcomes, 243
concomitant heparin therapy, 259
dosing, 258, 259
mortality, 248–252, 254
myocardial infarction, 251, 252, 254
overview, 238–240
patient selection, 241, 242
primary therapy vs percutaneous
intervention effect, 255–257
study designs, 241
Laminin, platelet adhesion, 24
Lefradafiban,
pharmacology, 366, 367
phase II trials, 367, 368, 437
Lotrafiban,
limitations, 379, 380
meta-analysis of oral drugs, 378, 379
pharmacology, 366, 367
phase II trials, 367–369
phase III trials,
BRAVO, 372, 377, 378
efficacy and safety, 377, 378
overview, 366–368
study design, 368–371
Low-molecular-weight heparin,
acute coronary syndromes,
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
combination trials, 354, 355
management, 348, 349
advantages, 346, 439, 440
percutaneous coronary intervention use,
clinical studies, 350
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
combination trials, 352, 354
hematologic considerations, 349, 350
intravenous administration, 351, 352
production, 346
M
MCSF, see Monocyte colony-stimulating
factor
Monocyte colony-stimulating factor (MCSF),
elevation in coronary disease, 389
function, 390
Myocardial infarction, acute,
direct thrombin inhibitor trials, 355, 356, 441
fibrinolysis and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
receptor blockade,
abciximab,
ASSENT-3, 298, 300
GUSTO-V, 295–297
TAMI 8, 290
eptifibatide,
IMPACT-AMI, 291
streptokinase studies, 291
lamifiban, PARADIGM trial, 291
limitations of tissue plasminogen
activator monotherapy, 289
rationale, 290
recommendations, 300, 301
reduced dose fibrinolysis trials,
phase II trials, 291–295
phase III trials, 295–300
non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes,
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade,
428, 429, 433–435
upstream therapy, 444, 445
percutaneous coronary intervention and
abciximab,
ADMIRAL, 280–282
CADILLAC, 281, 283
clinical outcomes, 281–283
contractile function recovery, 280
ISAR-2, 279–281
microvascular reperfusion, 278, 279
myocardial salvage, 280
prospects, 283, 284
RAPPORT, 281
rationale, 275, 276
STOP-AMI, 280
TIMI grade 3 flow establishment and
adequacy, 276, 277
platelets,
pathophysiology role, 73–75
reperfusion limitations, 277, 278
ST-elevation myocardial infarction,
factor Xa inhibitor therapy, 441
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade,
facilitated percutaneous coronary
intervention, 445, 446
fibrinolysis, 431, 432
percutaneous coronary intervention,
429–431
stroke risks, see Stroke
N
NICE, low-molecular-weight heparin use
with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor
antagonists, 352
https://t.me/med1917
Index 469
Nitric oxide (NO), synthesis, 5, 6
NO, see Nitric oxide
O
OPUS-TIMI 16, study design and outcomes,
370, 374–376, 437
ORBIT, outcomes, 436
Orbofiban,
limitations, 379, 380
meta-analysis of oral drugs, 378, 379
pharmacology, 366, 367
phase II trials, 367–369
phase III trials,
efficacy and safety, 374–376
OPUS-TIMI 16, 370, 374–376
overview, 366–368
study design, 368–371
P
PAD, see Peripheral artery disease
PARADIGM, fibrinolysis, acute myocardial
ischemia and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
receptor blockade, 291
PARAGON-A,
bleeding events, 252–254
clinical outcomes, 243
concomitant heparin therapy, 259
dosing, 258, 259
mortality, 248–252, 254
myocardial infarction, 251, 252, 254
non-ST-elevation acute coronary
syndromes, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
receptor blockade, 433, 434
overview, 238–240
patient selection, 241, 242
platelet inhibition levels and thrombotic
event protection, 323, 324
primary therapy vs percutaneous
intervention effect, 255–257
study designs, 241
PARAGON-B,
bleeding events, 252–254
clinical outcomes, 243
concomitant heparin therapy, 259
dosing, 258, 259
mortality, 248–252, 254
myocardial infarction, 251, 252, 254
non-ST-elevation acute coronary
syndromes, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
receptor blockade, 434
overview, 189, 190, 238–240
patient selection, 241, 242
platelet inhibition levels and thrombotic
event protection, 324
primary therapy vs percutaneous
intervention effect, 255–257
study designs, 241
PCI, see Percutaneous coronary intervention
PCI-CURE, upstream therapy, 444, 445
PDGF, see Platelet-derived growth factor
PercuSurge, emboli protection device, 402–404
Percutaneous carotid intervention, see
Carotid angioplasty and stenting
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI),
abciximab trials,
acute myocardial infarction and
abciximab therapy,
ADMIRAL, 280–282
CADILLAC, 281, 283
clinical outcomes, 281–283
contractile function recovery, 280
ISAR-2, 279–281
microvascular reperfusion, 278, 279
myocardial salvage, 280
prospects, 283, 284
RAPPORT, 281
rationale, 275, 276
STOP-AMI, 280
TIMI grade 3 flow establishment
and adequacy, 276, 277
EPIC,
clinical efficacy, 111, 112, 114
overview, 110, 111
safety, 114, 115
study design, 111
EPILOG,
clinical efficacy, 116, 117
overview, 115
safety, 117
study design, 115, 116
EPISTENT,
clinical efficacy, 118–120
overview, 117, 118
safety, 120
study design, 118
overview of study design, 110
phase II trials, 106, 107, 109, 110
pooled trial findings,
diabetes, 121, 122
endpoints after 30 d, 113
mortality, 120
unstable angina, 121
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