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of this pumping system, which in turn disrupts fluid balance,
immune defense, and even the uptake of dietary material. The
advent of better imaging systems and techniques has allowed for
real-time visualization of lymphatic pumping down to the cellular
level. With the information from these techniques, key players have
been identified to modulate lymphatic contractility, whether
through genetic susceptibility, physical obstruction, and remodel-
ing of lymphatic architecture, such as that found during cancer pro-
gression, or novel involvement of the lymphatics in chronic
inflammatory disease features, such as those found in IBD and
arthritic disease. Unfortunately, despite the advancements, a vast
majority of interactions, consequences, and etiologies remain
unknown. Continuing work and novel ideas will undoubtedly
answer some of these questions and aid in the development of tools
for the management of lymphatic-associated diseases.
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