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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_1499_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
AccessSurgery | Print: Appendex II. Diagnostic Guides
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AccessSurgery | Print: Appendex II. Diagnostic Guides
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Adapted with permission from Rockwood TH et al: Dis Colon Rectum 2000;43:9–17.
Interpretation
Psychometric instrument with four separate quality scales for (1) lifestyle, (2) coping/behavior, (3) depression/self
perception, (4) embarrassment: higher score less impact, lower score more impact of fecal incontinence on quality of
life.
Advantage
Validated patient-reported disease-specific quality-of-life scale for fecal incontinence to assess the direct and very
subjective impact of the condition on the patient. Shorter than SF-36 or EORTC-38.
Disadvantage
System more complex, calculation of scores cumbersome. Question Q3c originally not included in any one of the four
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scales, best fits in scale 4 (embarassment).
Cross-Reference
Anophysiology studies (Ch. 2)
Fecal incontinence (787.6) (Ch. 4)
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AccessSurgery | Print: Appendix I. Medications
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McGraw-Hill Manual: Colorectal Surgery > Appendix I. Medications >
MEDICATIONS FOR ANALGESIA AND SEDATION
Analgesics
Generic Name Typical Dosage Trade Name
Acetaminophen/codeine 30 mg 30/300 mg 1–2 tabs PO q 4–6 h Tylenol #3
Acetaminophen/codeine 60 mg 60/300 mg 1–2 tabs PO q 4–6 h Tylenol #4
Codeine sulfate 30–60 mg PO tid Codeine
Fentanyl 25, 50, 75, 100 mcg patch q 72 h Duragesic
Transdermal
Hydrocodone/acetaminophen 5/325 mg, 5/500 mg, 7.5/750 mg PO q 4–6 h Vicodin, Norco
Hydromorphone 2–4 mg PO, 0.2–0.6 mg IV Dilaudid
Ketorolac 15–30 mg IV, 10 mg PO q 6 h (max 5 days) Toradol
Morphine 10–30 mg PO, 30 mg SR q 8–12 h MS Contin
Oxycodone 5 mg PO q 4–6 h, 10–40 mg CR q 12 h OxyContin, Percocet
Propoxyphene napsylate/acetaminophen 100/650 mg PO q 4 h Darvocet-N
Tramadol 50–100 mg PO q 4–6 h (max 400 mg/day) Ultram
NSAIDs
Generic Name Typical Dosage Trade Name
Celecoxib 400 mg PO bid Celebrex
Ibuprofen 200–800 mg PO tid Advil, Motrin
Sulindac 150 mg PO qd (polyp prophylaxis) Clinoril
Conscious Sedation
Generic Name Typical Dosage Trade Name
Fentanyl 25–50 mcg bolus titration to effect Sublimaze
Meperidine 25–50 mg bolus titration to effect Demerol
Midazolam 1–2 mg bolus titration to effect Versed
Propofol 2–2.5 mg/kg IV, or 40 mg q 10 sec Diprivan
Antagonists
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Generic Name Typical Dosage Trade Name
Flumazenil 0.2 mg IV q 1 min (up to five times) Romazicon
Naloxone 0.4–2 mg IV q 2–3 min (up to 10 mg) Narcan
MEDICATIONS FOR GI TRACT
Antacids
Generic Name Typical Dosage Trade Name
Esomeprazole 20–40 mg PO/IV qd Nexium
Famotidine 20–40 mg PO qd, 20 mg IV bid Pepcid
Omeprazole 20–40 mg PO/IV qd Prilosec
Pantoprazole 40 mg PO/IV qd Protonix
Rabeprazole 20 mg PO qd AcipHex
Ranitidine 150 mg PO bid or 300 mg qHs, 50 mg IV tid Zantac
Sucralfate 1 g PO qid Carafate
Antidiarrheals
Generic Name Typical Dosage Trade Name
Bismuth subsalicylate 2 tabs or 30 mL (534 mg) PO up to 8 doses/day Pepto-Bismol, Kaopectate
Difenoxin + atropine 2 tabs PO q 6 h (max 8 tabs) Motofen
Diphenoxylate/atropine Up to 2
x 2.5/0.025 mg qid Lomotil
Glycopyrrolate 1–2 mg PO bid–tid Robinul, Robinul forte
Kaolin-pectin 60–120 mL PO q 3–4 h Kaopectate
Loperamide Up to 8
x 1 tab (2 mg) Imodium
Tincture of opium 5–20 drops qid Tincture of opium
Bile Acid Binder
Generic Name Typical Dosage Trade Name
Cholestyramine 4 g PO bid–qid Questran
Antiemetics
Generic Name Typical Dosage Trade Name
Dolasetron 12.5 mg IV Anzemet
Droperidol 0.625–2.5 mg IV Inapsine
Ondansetron 4–8 mg PO/IV tid Zofran
Prochlorperazine 5–10 mg PO/IV/IM (max 40 mg/day) Compazine
Promethazine 12.5–25 mg PO/PR/IM Phenergan
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Antispasmodics
Generic Name Typical Dosage Trade Name
Hyoscyamine 0.125 mg PO tid Levsine, Symax
Sphincter-Relaxants
Generic Name Typical Dosage Trade Name
Diltiazem 2% ointment 1 fingertip of ointment applied to anus bid To be compounded
Nifedipine 0.2% 1 fingertip of ointment applied to anus bid To be compounded
Nitroglycerine 0.2% ointment 1 fingertip of ointment applied to anus bid To be compounded
Botulinum toxin A 10–20 units bilaterally IM to IAS Botox
Bowel Prep
Generic Name Typical Dosage Trade Name
Magnesium citrate citrate 150–300 mL PO Magnesium
Neomycin 3 g PO 3–4 doses Neomycin
Phospho soda enema Enema 1–2 before procedure Fleet enema
Phospho soda oral liquid 45 mL PO (8 glasses of water), repeat 3 h later Fleet
Phospho soda oral tablet 3 tabs q 15 min (20 tabs)
x 2 Visicol
Polyethylene glycol with electrolytes 4 L GoLytely, NuLytely
Fiber Supplements
Generic Name Typical Dosage Trade Name
Methylcellulose 25–30 g/day Citrucel
Polycarbophil 25–30 g/day FiberCon
Psyllium 25–30 g/day Metamucil, Konsyl
IBS
Generic Name Typical Dosage Trade Name
Alosetron Commonly prescribed only by specialists Lotronex
Dicyclomine 20–40 mg PO qid Bentyl
Tegaserod 6 mg PO bid Zelnorm
Laxatives
Generic Name Typical Dosage Trade Name
Bisacodyl 10–15 mg PO qd Correctol, Dulcolax
Castor oil 15–30 mL PO qd Fleet castor oil, Purge
Lactulose 30–45 mL PO tid–qid Dulcolax
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Lubiprostone 24 mcg bid Amitiza
Magnesium hydroxide 30–60 mL, 1 tsp to 1 tbsp q 2–4 h Milk of magnesia
Milk and molasses enema (50:50) 8–10 oz enema Milk & Molasses enema
Polyethylene glycol 17 g PO in 4–8 oz qd–qid MiraLax, GlycoLax
Senna 1 tsp granules, 10–15 mL PO Senokot, Ex-Lax
Stool Softener
Generic Name Typical Dosage Trade Name
Docusate calcium 240 mg PO qd Kaopectate, Surfak
Docusate sodium 100 mg PO bid Colace
Other Medications
Generic Name Typical Dosage Trade Name
Acetylcysteine 600 mg PO bid (prophylaxis contrast nephropathy) Mucomyst
Botulinum toxin A 10–20 units bilaterally IM into IAS Botox
Metoclopramide 5–10 mg PO/IV q 6–8 h Reglan
Neostigmine 2 mg in 100 mL NaCl IV over 2–4 h Prostigmin
Octreotide 0.125 mcg SQ tid or 20–30 mg IM q month Sandostatin
Probiotics 1–2 sachets/capsules PO bid VSL#3
Propantheline 15 mg PO Pro-Banthine
Simethicone 40–125 mg PO tid Gas-X
MEDICATIONS AGAINST VIRAL PATHOGENS
HAART
a
Generic Name Trade Name
Abacavir Ziagen
Amprenavir Agenerase
Atazanavir Reyataz, ATV
Combivir lamivudine, zidovudine Combivir
Darunavir Prezista
Didanosine Videx
Efavirenz Sustiva, EFV
Emtricitabine Emtriva
Enfuvirtide Fuzeon
Fosamprenavir Lexiva
Indinavir Crixivan
Lamivudine Epivir, 3TC
Lopinavir-ritonavir Kaletra
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Nelfinavir Viracept
Nevirapine Viramune
Ritonavir Norvir
Saquinavir Invirase
Stavudine Zerit, d4T
Tenofovir Viread, TDF
Tipranavir Aptivus
Zidovudine Retrovir, AZT
a
Commonly prescribed only by specialists.
Other Antivirals
Generic Name Typical Dosage Trade Name
Acyclovir 800 mg PO tid Zovirax
Famciclovir 250 mg PO tid Famvir
Ganciclovir 5–6 mg/kg IV Cytovene
Imiquimod 5% cream M/W/F overnight Aldara
Interferon alfa-2b 4 x 1 million units SQ (after excision of condylomata) Intron A
Podophyllin 0.5–25% solution Podocon-25
Valacyclovir 1 g PO bid Valtrex
MEDICATIONS AGAINST BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL PATHOGENS
Antibiotics
Generic Name Typical Dosage Trade Name
Amoxicillin-clavulanate 500/125 mg PO q 8 h, 875 mg PO bid Augmentin
Azithromycin 1 g PO (one time), 250 mg PO qd (5 days) Zithromax
Cefazolin 1–2 g IV q 8 h Ancef
Cefotetan 1–2 g IV q 12 h Cefotan
Cefoxitin 2 g IV q 12 h Mefoxitin
Ceftriaxone 125 mg IV Rocephin
Ciprofloxacin 250–500 mg PO bid (tid) Cipro
Clindamycin 300 mg PO tid Cleocin
Doxycycline 100 mg PO bid Vibramycin
Ertapenem 1 g IV/IM q 24 h Invanz
Imipenem/cilastin 500 mg IV q 6–8 h Primaxin
Levofloxacin 500–750 mg PO qd Levaquin
Metronidazole 250–500 mg PO tid Flagyl
Metronidazole topical 0.75% Metronidazole cream
Penicillin G (benzathine penicillin G) 2.4 million units IM (single dose), or 50,000 units/kg IM Penicillin
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Piperacillin/tazobactam 3.375 g IV tid–qid Zosyn
Rifaximin 200 mg PO tid Xifaxan
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 160/800 mg PO bid Bactrim
Vancomycin 250–500 mg PO qid (not absorbed) Vancomycin
0.5–1 g IV q 12 h
Antifungals
Generic Name Typical Dosage Trade Name
Amphotericin B 5 mg/kg IV q 24 h Abelcet
Caspofungin 50 mg IV q 24 h (loading dose 70 mg IV) Cancidas
Clotrimazole 1% cream Topical application bid Lotrimin
Fluconazole 100–400 mg PO/IV qd Diflucan
Ketoconazole 2% cream Topical application bid Nizoral
Micafungin 150 mg IV qd Mycamine
Miconazole 2% cream Topical application bid Micatin, Monistat
Nystatin 100,000 units/cc Mycostatin
MEDICATIONS FOR HEMATOLOGIC MANAGEMENT
Anticoagulants
Generic Name Typical Dosage Trade Name
Argatroban Commonly prescribed by specialists or individualized Argatroban
Enoxaparin 40 mg SQ qd (prophylaxis), 1–1.5 mg/kg (therapeutic) q 12–24 h Lovenox
Heparin 5000 units SQ bid–tid (prophylaxis), monitored IV dose (therapeutic) Heparin
Warfarin Individualized dose (monitoring of INR) Coumadin
Bone Marrow Stimulant
Generic Name Typical Dosage Trade Name
Erythropoietin 40,000 units SQ q week Procrit
MEDICATIONS AGAINST TUMOR OR INFLAMMATION
Chemotherapy
a
Generic Name Trade Name
5-Fluorouracil 5-FU
Bevacizumab Avastin
Capecitabine Xeloda
Cetuximab Erbitux
Gemcitabine Gemzar
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Imatinib Gleevec
Irinotecan Camptosar, CPT-11
Leucovorin (folinic acid) Leucovorin
Levamisole Ergamisol
Mitomycin-C Mitomycin-C
Oxaliplatin Eloxatin
Panitumumab Vectibix
Raltitrexed Tomudex
Sunitinib Sunitinib
a
Commonly prescribed only by specialists.
IBD Suppression
Generic Name Typical Dosage Trade Name
Adalimumab Commonly prescribed only by specialists Humira
Balsalazide 2.25 g (= three 750-mg tabs) PO tid Colazal
Infliximab Commonly prescribed only by specialists Remicade
Mesalamine 800–1600 mg PO tid Asacol, Pentasa
Mesalamine 800–1600 mg PO tid, 1000 mg supp PR Canasa
Mesalamine enema 4 g (60 mL) PR overnight Rowasa
Natalizumab Commonly prescribed only by specialists Tysabri
Olsalazine 500 mg PO bid Dipentum
Sulfasalazine 500–1000 mg PO qid Azulfidine
Immunosuppressants
a
Generic Name Trade Name
Azathioprine Imuran
Cyclosporine A Sandimmune
Mercaptopurine (6-MP) Purinethol
Methotrexate Methotrexate
Mycophenolate mofetil CellCept
Tacrolimus (FK506) Prograf
a
Commonly prescribed only by specialists.
Steroids, Systemic
Strength Compared to
Generic Name Prednisone Typical Dosage Trade Name
Hydrocortisone 0.2x 100 mg IV Solu-Cortef
Methylprednisolone 1.25
x 0.5–1 mg/kg IV Solu-Medrol