Добавил:
kiopkiopkiop18@yandex.ru t.me/Prokururor I Вовсе не секретарь, но почту проверяю Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_47_библиотеки_им_акад_М_И_Перельмана

.pdf
Скачиваний:
0
Добавлен:
10.10.2026
Размер:
10 Мб
Скачать
☆
72
139. Guanabens N, Pares A, Ros I, Caballeria L, Pons F, Vidal S, Monegal A, etal. Severity of
cholestasis and advanced histological stage but not menopausal status are the major risk fac-
tors for osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2005;42:573–7.
140. Guanabens N, Cerda D, Monegal A, Pons F, Caballeria L, Peris P, Pares A.Low bone mass
and severity of cholestasis affect fracture risk in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.
Gastroenterology. 2010;138:2348–56.
141. McCaughan GW, Feller RB.Osteoporosis in chronic liver disease: pathogenesis, risk factors,
and management. Dig Dis. 1994;12:223–31.
142. Herlong HF, Recker RR, Maddrey WC.Bone disease in primary biliary cirrhosis: histologic
features and response to 25-hydroxyvitamin D.Gastroenterology. 1982;83:103–8.
143. Hodgson SF, Dickson ER, Eastell R, Eriksen EF, Bryant SC, Riggs BL.Rates of cancellous
bone remodeling and turnover in osteopenia associated with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bone.
1993;14:819–27.
144. Pares A, Guanabens N, Rodes J. Gene polymorphisms as predictors of decreased bone
mineral density and osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol.
2005;17:311–5.
145. Menon KV, Angulo P, Weston S, Dickson ER, Lindor KD.Bone disease in primary biliary
cirrhosis: independent indicators and rate of progression. J Hepatol. 2001;35:316–23.
146. Frith J, Kerr S, Robinson L, Elliott C, Ghazala C, Wilton K, Pairman J, etal. Primary biliary
cirrhosis is associated with falls and signicant fall related injury. QJM. 2010;103:153–61.
147. Green JH, Bramley PN, Losowsky MS.Are patients with primary biliary cirrhosis hyper-
metabolic? A comparison between patients before and after liver transplantation and controls.
Hepatology. 1991;14:464–72.
148. Koulaouzidis A, Bhat S, Moschos J. Skin manifestations of liver diseases. Ann Hepatol.
2007;6:181–4.
149. Reynolds TB.The “buttery” sign in patients with chronic jaundice and pruritus. Ann Intern
Med. 1973;78:545–6.
150. Heathcote J.Autoimmune cholangitis. Gut. 1997;40:440–2.
151. Heathcote J. Primary biliary cirrhosis with features of autoimmune hepatitis. Curr
Gastroenterol Rep. 2001;3:60–4.
152. Michieletti P, Wanless IR, Katz A, Scheuer PJ, Yeaman SJ, Bassendine MF, Palmer JM, etal.
Antimitochondrial antibody negative primary biliary cirrhosis: a distinct syndrome of auto-
immune cholangitis. Gut. 1994;35:260–5.
153. Lacerda MA, Ludwig J, Dickson ER, Jorgensen RA, Lindor KD.Antimitochondrial antibody-
negative primary biliary cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1995;90:247–9.
154. Invernizzi P, Crosignani A, Battezzati PM, Covini G, De Valle G, Larghi A, Zuin M, etal.
Comparison of the clinical features and clinical course of antimitochondrial antibody- positive
and -negative primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1997;25:1090–5.
155. Migliaccio C, Van de Water J, Ansari AA, Kaplan MM, Coppel RL, Lam KS, Thompson RK,
etal. Heterogeneous response of antimitochondrial autoantibodies and bile duct apical stain-
ing monoclonal antibodies to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2: the molecule versus the
mimic. Hepatology. 2001;33:792–801.
156. Shimoda S, Nakamura M, Ishibashi H, Hayashida K, Niho Y.HLA DRB4 0101-restricted
immunodominant T cell autoepitope of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in primary bili-
ary cirrhosis: evidence of molecular mimicry in human autoimmune diseases. J Exp Med.
1995;181:1835–45.
157. Wing K, Sakaguchi S.Regulatory T cells exert checks and balances on self tolerance and
autoimmunity. Nat Immunol. 2010;11:7–13.
158. Marshak-Rothstein A.Toll-like receptors in systemic autoimmune disease. Nat Rev Immunol.
2006;6:823–35.
159. Shimoda S, Van de Water J, Ansari A, Nakamura M, Ishibashi H, Coppel R, Lake J, et al.
Identication and precursor frequency analysis of a common T cell epitope motif in mito-
chondrial autoantigens in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Clin Invest. 1998;102:1831–40.
N. V. Bergasa
https://t.me/medicina_free
73
160. Joshi S, Cauch-Dudek K, Wanless IR, Lindor KD, Jorgensen R, Batts K, Heathcote
EJ.Primary biliary cirrhosis with additional features of autoimmune hepatitis: response to
therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid. Hepatology. 2002;35:409–13.
161. Su CW, Hung HH, Huo TI, Huang YH, Li CP, Lin HC, Lee PC, et al. Natural history and
prognostic factors of primary biliary cirrhosis in Taiwan: a follow-up study up to 18 years.
Liver Int. 2008;28:1305–13.
162. Shimoda S, Miyakawa H, Nakamura M, Ishibashi H, Kikuchi K, Kita H, Niiro H, etal. CD4
T-cell autoreactivity to the mitochondrial autoantigen PDC-E2 in AMA-negative primary
biliary cirrhosis. J Autoimmun. 2008;31:110–5.
163. Joplin R, Lindsay JG, Johnson GD, Strain A, Neuberger J.Membrane dihydrolipoamide
acetyltransferase (E2) on human biliary epithelial cells in primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet.
1992;339:93–4.
164. Van de Water J, Turchany J, Leung PS, Lake J, Munoz S, Surh CD, Coppel R, etal. Molecular
mimicry in primary biliary cirrhosis. Evidence for biliary epithelial expression of a molecule
cross-reactive with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-E2. J Clin Invest. 1993;91:2653–64.
165. Brown WR, Kloppel TM.The liver and IgA: immunological, cell biological and clinical
implications. Hepatology. 1989;9:763–84.
166. Malmborg AC, Shultz DB, Luton F, Mostov KE, Richly E, Leung PS, Benson GD, etal.
Penetration and co-localization in MDCK cell mitochondria of IgA derived from patients
with primary biliary cirrhosis. J Autoimmun. 1998;11:573–80.
167. Russell MW, Sibley DA, Nikolova EB, Tomana M, Mestecky J. IgA antibody as a non-
inammatory regulator of immunity. Biochem Soc Trans. 1997;25:466–70.
168. Hexham JM, Carayannopoulos L, Capra JD.Structure and function in IgA.Chem Immunol.
1997;65:73–87.
169. Abbas A, Lichtman A, Pillai S. B cell activation and antibody production.  Cellular and
Molecular Immunology. NewYork: Elsevier, W.B. Saunders; 2012. p.243–68.
170. Kikuchi K, Lian ZX, Yang GX, Ansari AA, Ikehara S, Kaplan M, Miyakawa H, etal. Bacterial
CpG induces hyper-IgM production in CD27(+) memory B cells in primary biliary cirrhosis.
Gastroenterology. 2005;128:304–12.
171. Moritoki Y, Lian ZX, Wulff H, Yang GX, Chuang YH, Lan RY, Ueno Y, etal. AMA produc-
tion in primary biliary cirrhosis is promoted by the TLR9 ligand CpG and suppressed by
potassium channel blockers. Hepatology. 2007;45:314–22.
172. Harada K, Shimoda S, Sato Y, Isse K, Ikeda H, Nakanuma Y.Periductal interleukin-17 pro-
duction in association with biliary innate immunity contributes to the pathogenesis of chol-
angiopathy in primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Exp Immunol. 2009;157:261–70.
173. Odin JA, Huebert RC, Casciola-Rosen L, LaRusso NF, Rosen A.Bcl-2-dependent oxidation
of pyruvate dehydrogenase-E2, a primary biliary cirrhosis autoantigen, during apoptosis. J
Clin Invest. 2001;108:223–32.
174. Allina J, Hu B, Sullivan DM, Fiel MI, Thung SN, Bronk SF, Huebert RC, et al. T cell tar-
geting and phagocytosis of apoptotic biliary epithelial cells in primary biliary cirrhosis. J
Autoimmun. 2006;27:232–41.
175. Allina J, Stanca CM, Garber J, Hu B, Sautes-Fridman C, Bach N, Odin JA.Anti-CD16
autoantibodies and delayed phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in primary biliary cirrhosis. J
Autoimmun. 2008;30:238–45.
176. Rong G, Zhong R, Lleo A, Leung PS, Bowlus CL, Yang GX, Yang CY, etal. Epithelial cell
specicity and apotope recognition by serum autoantibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis.
Hepatology. 2011;54:196–203.
177. Lleo A, Selmi C, Invernizzi P, Podda M, Coppel RL, Mackay IR, Gores GJ, etal. Apotopes
and the biliary specicity of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2009;49:871–9.
178. Lleo A, Bowlus CL, Yang GX, Invernizzi P, Podda M, Van de Water J, Ansari AA, et al.
Biliary apotopes and anti-mitochondrial antibodies activate innate immune responses in pri-
mary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2010;52:987–98.
3
Primary Biliary Cholangitis
https://t.me/medicina_free
74
179. Abbas A, Lichtman A, Pillai S.Effector mechanisms of humoral immunity. In: Cellular and
molecular immunology. NewYork: Elsevier, W.B. Saunders; 2012. p.269–92.
180. Prieto J, Qian C, Garcia N, Diez J, Medina JF.Abnormal expression of anion exchanger
genes in primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 1993;105:572–8.
181. Ros E, Garcia-Puges A, Reixach M, Cuso E, Rodes J.Fat digestion and exocrine pancreatic
function in primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 1984;87:180–7.
182. Epstein O, Chapman RW, Lake-Bakaar G, Foo AY, Rosalki SB, Sherlock S. The pan-
creas in primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology.
1982;83:1177–82.
183. Lake-Bakaar G, McKavanagh S, Rubio CE, Epstein O, Summereld JA.Measurement of
trypsin in duodenal juice by radioimmunoassay. Gut. 1980;21:402–7.
184. Tsuneyama K, Van De Water J, Yamazaki K, Suzuki K, Sato S, Takeda Y, Ruebner B, etal.
Primary biliary cirrhosis an epithelitis: evidence of abnormal salivary gland immunohisto-
chemistry. Autoimmunity. 1997;26:23–31.
185. Muratori P, Muratori L, Ferrari R, Cassani F, Bianchi G, Lenzi M, Rodrigo L, et al.
Characterization and clinical impact of antinuclear antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis.
Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98:431–7.
186. Granito A, Muratori P, Muratori L, Pappas G, Cassani F, Worthington J, Guidi M, etal.
Antinuclear antibodies giving the ‘multiple nuclear dots’ or the ‘rim-like/membranous’
patterns: diagnostic accuracy for primary biliary cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther.
2006;24:1575–83.
187. Szostecki C, Guldner HH, Netter HJ, Will H.Isolation and characterization of cDNA encod-
ing a human nuclear antigen predominantly recognized by autoantibodies from patients with
primary biliary cirrhosis. J Immunol. 1990;145:4338–47.
188. Sternsdorf T, Guldner HH, Szostecki C, Grotzinger T, Will H.Two nuclear dot-associated
proteins, PML and Sp100, are often co-autoimmunogenic in patients with primary biliary
cirrhosis. Scand J Immunol. 1995;42:257–68.
189. Lassoued K, Brenard R, Degos F, Courvalin JC, Andre C, Danon F, Brouet JC, et al.
Antinuclear antibodies directed to a 200-kilodalton polypeptide of the nuclear envelope in
primary biliary cirrhosis. A clinical and immunological study of a series of 150 patients with
primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 1990;99:181–6.
190. Wesierska-Gadek J, Hohenuer H, Hitchman E, Penner E.Autoantibodies against nucleoporin
p62 constitute a novel marker of primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 1996;110:840–7.
191. Courvalin JC, Lassoued K, Worman HJ, Blobel G.Identication and characterization of auto-
antibodies against the nuclear envelope Lamin B receptor from patients with primary biliary
cirrhosis. J Exp Med. 1990;172:961–7.
192. Parveen S, Morshed SA, Nishioka M.High prevalence of antibodies to recombinant CENP-B
in primary biliary cirrhosis: nuclear immunouorescence patterns and ELISA reactivities. J
Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1995;10:438–45.
193. Szostecki C, Will H, Netter HJ, Guldner HH.Autoantibodies to the nuclear Sp100 protein
in primary biliary cirrhosis and associated diseases: epitope specicity and immunoglobulin
class distribution. Scand J Immunol. 1992;36:555–64.
194. Zuchner D, Sternsdorf T, Szostecki C, Heathcote EJ, Cauch-Dudek K, Will H.Prevalence,
kinetics, and therapeutic modulation of autoantibodies against Sp100 and promyelocytic
leukemia protein in a large cohort of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology.
1997;26:1123–30.
195. Granito A, Yang WH, Muratori L, Lim MJ, Nakajima A, Ferri S, Pappas G, etal. PML
nuclear body component Sp140 is a novel autoantigen in primary biliary cirrhosis. Am J
Gastroenterol. 2010;105:125–31.
196. Lassoued K, Guilly MN, Andre C, Paintrand M, Dhumeaux D, Danon F, Brouet JC, etal.
Autoantibodies to 200 kD polypeptide(s) of the nuclear envelope: a new serologic marker of
primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Exp Immunol. 1988;74:283–8.
N. V. Bergasa
https://t.me/medicina_free
75
197. Nickowitz RE, Worman HJ.Autoantibodies from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis rec-
ognize a restricted region within the cytoplasmic tail of nuclear pore membrane glycoprotein
Gp210. J Exp Med. 1993;178:2237–42.
198. Nakamura M, Kondo H, Mori T, Komori A, Matsuyama M, Ito M, Takii Y, etal. Anti-gp210
and anti-centromere antibodies are different risk factors for the progression of primary biliary
cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2007;45:118–27.
199. Krams SM, Van de Water J, Coppel RL, Esquivel C, Roberts J, Ansari A, Gershwin
ME.Analysis of hepatic T lymphocyte and immunoglobulin deposits in patients with primary
biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1990;12:306–13.
200. Bjorkland A, Festin R, Mendel-Hartvig I, Nyberg A, Loof L, Totterman TH.Blood and liver-
inltrating lymphocytes in primary biliary cirrhosis: increase in activated T and natural killer
cells and recruitment of primed memory T cells. Hepatology. 1991;13:1106–11.
201. Nakanuma Y.Distribution of B lymphocytes in nonsuppurative cholangitis in primary biliary
cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1993;18:570–5.
202. Terasaki S, Nakanuma Y, Yamazaki M, Unoura M.Eosinophilic inltration of the liver in
primary biliary cirrhosis: a morphological study. Hepatology. 1993;17:206–12.
203. Bjorkland A, Loof L, Mendel-Hartvig I, Totterman TH.Primary biliary cirrhosis. High pro-
portions of B cells in blood and liver tissue produce anti-mitochondrial antibodies of several
Ig classes. J Immunol. 1994;153:2750–7.
204. Goldstein NS, Soman A, Gordon SC.Portal tract eosinophils and hepatocyte cytokeratin 7
immunoreactivity helps distinguish early-stage, mildly active primary biliary cirrhosis and
autoimmune hepatitis. Am J Clin Pathol. 2001;116:846–53.
205. Kita H, Naidenko OV, Kronenberg M, Ansari AA, Rogers P, He XS, Koning F, et al.
Quantitation and phenotypic analysis of natural killer T cells in primary biliary cirrhosis
using a human CD1d tetramer. Gastroenterology. 2002;123:1031–43.
206. Daniels JA, Torbenson M, Anders RA, Boitnott JK.Immunostaining of plasma cells in pri-
mary biliary cirrhosis. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009;131:243–9.
207. Ludwig J, Dickson ER, McDonald GS. Staging of chronic nonsuppurative destructive
cholangitis (syndrome of primary biliary cirrhosis). Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol.
1978;379:103–12.
208. Gershwin ME, Ansari AA, Mackay IR, Nakanuma Y, Nishio A, Rowley MJ, Coppel
RL. Primary biliary cirrhosis: an orchestrated immune response against epithelial cells.
Immunol Rev. 2000;174:210–25.
209. Kaplan MM, Gershwin ME.Primary biliary cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:1261–73.
210. Kita H, Matsumura S, He XS, Ansari AA, Lian ZX, Van de Water J, Coppel RL, et al.
Quantitative and functional analysis of PDC-E2-specic autoreactive cytotoxic T lympho-
cytes in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Clin Invest. 2002;109:1231–40.
211. Hashimoto E, Lindor KD, Homburger HA, Dickson ER, Czaja AJ, Wiesner RH, Ludwig
J.Immunohistochemical characterization of hepatic lymphocytes in primary biliary cirrhosis
in comparison with primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune chronic active hepatitis.
Mayo Clin Proc. 1993;68:1049–55.
212. Harada K.In situ nucleic acid hybridization of cytokines in primary biliary cirrhosis: pre-
dominance of the Th1 subset. Hepatology. 1997;25:791–6.
213. Lohr HF, Schlaak JF, Gerken G, Fleischer B, Dienes HP, Meyer zum Buschenfelde
KH.Phenotypical analysis and cytokine release of liver-inltrating and peripheral blood T
lymphocytes from patients with chronic hepatitis of different etiology. Liver. 1994;14:161–6.
214. Diu A, Moebius U, Ferradini L, Genevee C, Roman-Roman S, Claudon M, Delorme D, etal.
Limited T-cell receptor diversity in liver-inltrating lymphocytes from patients with primary
biliary cirrhosis. J Autoimmun. 1993;6:611–9.
215. Martins EB, Graham AK, Chapman RW, Fleming KA.Elevation of gamma delta T lympho-
cytes in peripheral blood and livers of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and other
autoimmune liver diseases. Hepatology. 1996;23:988–93.
3
Primary Biliary Cholangitis
https://t.me/medicina_free
76
216. Abbas A, Lichtman A, Pillai S. Immunologic tolerance and autoimmunity. In: Abbas A,
Lichtman A, Pillai S, editors. Cellular and molecular immunology. New York: Elsevier,
W.B. Saunders; 2012. p.319–43.
217. Lan RY, Cheng C, Lian ZX, Tsuneyama K, Yang GX, Moritoki Y, Chuang YH, etal. Liver-
targeted and peripheral blood alterations of regulatory T cells in primary biliary cirrhosis.
Hepatology. 2006;43:729–37.
218. Wang D, Zhang H, Liang J, Gu Z, Zhou Q, Fan X, Hou Y, et al. CD4+ CD25+ but not
CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells as a regulatory subset in primary biliary cirrhosis. Cell Mol Immunol.
2010;7:485–90.
219. Bernuzzi F, Fenoglio D, Battaglia F, Fravega M, Gershwin ME, Indiveri F, Ansari AA, etal.
Phenotypical and functional alterations of CD8 regulatory T cells in primary biliary cirrhosis.
J Autoimmun. 2010;35:176–80.
220. Takahashi T, Miura T, Nakamura J, Yamada S, Miura T, Yanagi M, Matsuda Y, etal. Plasma
cells and the chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis of primary biliary cirrhosis.
Hepatology. 2012;55:846–55.
221. Li SX, Lv TT, Zhang CP, Wang TQ, Tian D, Sun GY, Wang Y, et al. Alteration of liver-
inltrated and peripheral blood double-negative T-cells in primary biliary cholangitis. Liver
Int. 2019;39:1755–67.
222. You Z, Wang Q, Bian Z, Liu Y, Han X, Peng Y, Shen L, etal. The immunopathology of liver
granulomas in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Autoimmun. 2012;39:216–21.
223. Harada K, Shimoda S, Ikeda H, Chiba M, Hsu M, Sato Y, Kobayashi M, etal. Signicance
of periductal Langerhans cells and biliary epithelial cell-derived macrophage inammatory
protein-3alpha in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis. Liver Int. 2010;31:245–53.
224. Abbas A, Lichtman A, Pillai S.Innate immunity. In: Abbas A, Lichtman A, Pillai S, editors.
Cellular and molecular immunology. NewYork: Elsevier, W.B. Saunders; 2012. p.55–88.
225. Leon MP, Bassendine MF, Gibbs P, Thick M, Kirby JA.Immunogenicity of biliary epithelium:
study of the adhesive interaction with lymphocytes. Gastroenterology. 1997;112:968–77.
226. Lechler R, Chai JG, Marelli-Berg F, Lombardi G. The contributions of T-cell anergy to
peripheral T-cell tolerance. Immunology. 2001;103:262–9.
227. Shimoda S, Harada K, Niiro H, Yoshizumi T, Soejima Y, Taketomi A, Maehara Y, etal. Biliary
epithelial cells and primary biliary cirrhosis: the role of liver-inltrating mononuclear cells.
Hepatology. 2008;47:958–65.
228. Bazan JF, Bacon KB, Hardiman G, Wang W, Soo K, Rossi D, Greaves DR, etal. A new class
of membrane-bound chemokine with a CX3C motif. Nature. 1997;385:640–4.
229. Imai T, Hieshima K, Haskell C, Baba M, Nagira M, Nishimura M, Kakizaki M, et al.
Identication and molecular characterization of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, which medi-
ates both leukocyte migration and adhesion. Cell. 1997;91:521–30.
230. Isse K, Harada K, Zen Y, Kamihira T, Shimoda S, Harada M, Nakanuma Y.Fractalkine and
CX3CR1 are involved in the recruitment of intraepithelial lymphocytes of intrahepatic bile
ducts. Hepatology. 2005;41:506–16.
231. Shimoda S, Harada K, Niiro H, Taketomi A, Maehara Y, Tsuneyama K, Kikuchi K, etal.
CX3CL1 (fractalkine): a signpost for biliary inammation in primary biliary cirrhosis.
Hepatology. 2010;51:567–75.
232. Funaro A, Malavasi F.Human CD38, a surface receptor, an enzyme, an adhesion molecule
and not a simple marker. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 1999;13:54–61.
233. Rawstron AC, Orfao A, Beksac M, Bezdickova L, Brooimans RA, Bumbea H, Dalva K, etal.
Report of the European myeloma network on multiparametric ow cytometry in multiple
myeloma and related disorders. Haematologica. 2008;93:431–8.
234. Chuang YH, Lian ZX, Tsuneyama K, Chiang BL, Ansari AA, Coppel RL, Gershwin
ME.Increased killing activity and decreased cytokine production in NK cells in patients with
primary biliary cirrhosis. J Autoimmun. 2006;26:232–40.
N. V. Bergasa
https://t.me/medicina_free
77
235. Shimoda S, Harada K, Niiro H, Shirabe K, Taketomi A, Maehara Y, Tsuneyama K, etal.
Interaction between toll-like receptors and natural killer cells in the destruction of bile ducts
in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2011;53:1270–81.
236. Yin XM, Ding WX, Gao W.Autophagy in the liver. Hepatology. 2008;47:1773–85.
237. Sasaki M, Miyakoshi M, Sato Y, Nakanuma Y. Autophagy mediates the process of cellu-
lar senescence characterizing bile duct damages in primary biliary cirrhosis. Lab Investig.
2010;90:835–43.
238. Sasaki M, Miyakoshi M, Sato Y, Nakanuma Y. Modulation of the microenvironment by
senescent biliary epithelial cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cir-
rhosis. J Hepatol. 2010;53:318–25.
239. Sasaki M, Yoshimura-Miyakoshi M, Sato Y, Nakanuma Y.A possible involvement of endo-
plasmic reticulum stress in biliary epithelial autophagy and senescence in primary biliary
cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol. 2015;50:984–95.
240. Sasaki M, Sato Y, Nakanuma Y.An impaired biliary bicarbonate umbrella may be involved in
dysregulated autophagy in primary biliary cholangitis. Lab Investig. 2018;98:745–54.
241. Sasaki M, Sato Y, Nakanuma Y. Increased p16(INK4a)-expressing senescent bile ductular
cells are associated with inadequate response to ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary chol-
angitis. J Autoimmun. 2019;107:102377.
242. Mao TK, Davis PA, Odin JA, Coppel RL, Gershwin ME.Sidechain biology and the immu-
nogenicity of PDC-E2, the major autoantigen of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology.
2004;40:1241–8.
243. Tsuda M, Ambrosini YM, Zhang W, Yang GX, Ando Y, Rong G, Tsuneyama K, etal. Fine
phenotypic and functional characterization of effector cluster of differentiation 8 positive T
cells in human patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2011;54:1293–302.
244. Tomiyama H, Matsuda T, Takiguchi M.Differentiation of human CD8(+) T cells from a
memory to memory/effector phenotype. J Immunol. 2002;168:5538–50.
245. Morikawa K, Oseko F, Morikawa S, Imai K, Sawada M.Recombinant human IL-5 augments
immunoglobulin generation by human B lymphocytes in the presence of IL-2. Cell Immunol.
1993;149:390–401.
246. Krams SM, Cao S, Hayashi M, Villanueva JC, Martinez OM.Elevations in IFN-gamma,
IL-5, and IL-10in patients with the autoimmune disease primary biliary cirrhosis: association
with autoantibodies and soluble CD30. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1996;80:311–20.
247. MacGregor GA.Primary biliary cirrhosis is a dry-gland syndrome. Lancet. 1980;2:535.
248. Paumgartner G, Beuers U.Ursodeoxycholic acid in cholestatic liver disease: mechanisms of
action and therapeutic use revisited. Hepatology. 2002;36:525–31.
249. Neuman MG, Cameron RG, Haber JA, Katz GG, Blendis LM.An electron microscopic
and morphometric study of ursodeoxycholic effect in primary biliary cirrhosis. Liver.
2002;22:235–44.
250. Siegel J, Jorgensen R, Angulo P, Lindor K. Treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid is asso-
ciated with weight gain in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. J Clin Gastgroenterol.
2003;37:185.
251. LiverTox: clinical and research information on drug-induced liver injury [Internet].
Review; 2012.
252. Poupon RE, Lindor KD, Pares A, Chazouilleres O, Poupon R, Heathcote EJ.Combined anal-
ysis of the effect of treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid on histologic progression in primary
biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2003;39:12–6.
253. Combes B, Markin RS, Wheeler DE, Rubin R, West AB, Mills AS, Eigenbrodt EH, etal.
The effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on the orid duct lesion of primary biliary cirrhosis.
Hepatology. 1999;30:602–5.
254. Miyaguchi S, Ebinuma H, Imaeda H, Nitta Y, Watanabe T, Saito H, Ishii H.A novel treatment
for refractory primary biliary cirrhosis? Hepato-Gastroenterology. 2000;47:1518–21.
255. Dohmen K, Mizuta T, Nakamuta M, Shimohashi N, Ishibashi H, Yamamoto K.Fenobrate for
patients with asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2004;10:894–8.
3
Primary Biliary Cholangitis
https://t.me/medicina_free
78
256. Bergasa NV, Jones A, Kleiner DE, Rabin L, Park Y, Wells MC, Hoofnagle JH. Pilot study
of low dose oral methotrexate treatment for primary biliary cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol.
1996;91:295–9.
257. Lindor KD, Dickson ER, Jorgensen RA, Anderson ML, Wiesner RH, Gores GJ, Lange SM,
etal. The combination of ursodeoxycholic acid and methotrexate for patients with primary
biliary cirrhosis: the results of a pilot study. Hepatology. 1995;22:1158–62.
258. Combes B, Emerson SS, Flye NL, Munoz SJ, Luketic VA, Mayo MJ, McCashland TM, etal.
Methotrexate (MTX) plus ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in the treatment of primary biliary
cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2005;42:1184–93.
259. Leung J, Bonis PA, Kaplan MM.Colchicine or methotrexate, with ursodiol, are effective after
20 years in a subset of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol.
2011;9:776–80.
260. Heathcote J, Ross A, Sherlock S.A prospective controlled trial of azathioprine in primary
biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 1976;70:656–60.
261. Christensen E, Neuberger J, Crowe J, Altman DG, Popper H, Portmann B, Doniach D, etal.
Benecial effect of azathioprine and prediction of prognosis in primary biliary cirrhosis.
Final results of an international trial. Gastroenterology. 1985;89:1084–91.
262. Gong Y, Christensen E, Gluud C. Azathioprine for primary biliary cirrhosis. Cochrane
Database Syst Rev. 2007;18:CD006000.
263. Neuberger J, Christensen E, Portmann B, Caballeria J, Rodes J, Ranek L, Tygstrup N, etal.
Double blind controlled trial of d-penicillamine in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.
Gut. 1985;26:114–9.
264. Gong Y, Frederiksen SL, Gluud C.D-penicillamine for primary biliary cirrhosis. Cochrane
Database Syst Rev. 2004;18:CD004789.
265. Gong Y, Klingenberg SL, Gluud C.Systematic review and meta-analysis: D-Penicillamine
vs. placebo/no intervention in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis– Cochrane Hepato-
biliary group. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;24:1535–44.
266. Kaplan MM, Alling DW, Zimmerman HJ, Wolfe HJ, Sepersky RA, Hirsch GS, Elta
GH, et al. A prospective trial of colchicine for primary biliary cirrhosis. N Engl J Med.
1986;315:1448–54.
267. Gong Y, Gluud C. Colchicine for primary biliary cirrhosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
2004;2:CD004481.
268. Gong Y, Gluud C.Colchicine for primary biliary cirrhosis: a Cochrane Hepato-biliary group
systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:1876–85.
269. Minuk GY, Bohme CE, Burgess E, Hersheld NB, Kelly JK, Shaffer EA, Sutherland LR,
et al. Pilot study of cyclosporin a in patients with symptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis.
Gastroenterology. 1988;95:1356–63.
270. Wiesner RH, Ludwig J, Lindor KD, Jorgensen RA, Baldus WP, Homburger HA, Dickson
ER.A controlled trial of cyclosporine in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis [see com-
ments]. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:1419–24.
271. Gong Y, Christensen E, Gluud C. Cyclosporin a for primary biliary cirrhosis. Cochrane
Database Syst Rev. 2007;3:CD005526.
272. Hoofnagle JH, Davis GL, Schafer DF, Peters M, Avigan MI, Pappas SC, Hanson RG,
et al. Randomized trial of chlorambucil for primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology.
1986;91:1327–34.
273. Mitchison HC, Palmer JM, Bassendine MF, Watson AJ, Record CO, James OF.A controlled
trial of prednisolone treatment in primary biliary cirrhosis. Three-year results. J Hepatol.
1992;15:336–44.
274. Mitchison HC, Bassendine MF, Malcolm AJ, Watson AJ, Record CO, James OF. A pilot,
double-blind, controlled 1-year trial of prednisolone treatment in primary biliary cirrhosis:
hepatic improvement but greater bone loss. Hepatology. 1989;10:420–9.
275. Kaplan MM, Knox TA.Treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis with low-dose weekly metho-
trexate [see comments]. Gastroenterology. 1991;101:1332–8.
N. V. Bergasa
https://t.me/medicina_free
79
276. Lindor KD, Therneau TM, Jorgensen RA, Malinchoc M, Dickson ER.Effects of ursode-
oxycholic acid on survival in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology.
1996;110:1515–8.
277. Corpechot C, Carrat F, Bonnand AM, Poupon RE, Poupon R. The effect of ursodeoxy-
cholic acid therapy on liver brosis progression in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology.
2000;32:1196–9.
278. Lindor KD, Jorgensen RA, Therneau TM, Malinchoc M, Dickson ER. Ursodeoxycholic
acid delays the onset of esophageal varices in primary biliary cirrhosis. Mayo Clin Proc.
1997;72:1137–40.
279. Corpechot C, Carrat F, Bahr A, Chretien Y, Poupon RE, Poupon R.The effect of ursode-
oxycholic acid therapy on the natural course of primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology.
2005;128:297–303.
280. Pares A, Caballeria L, Rodes J. Excellent long-term survival in patients with primary
biliary cirrhosis and biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid. Gastroenterology.
2006;130:715–20.
281. Huet PM, Vincent C, Deslaurier J, Cote J, Matsutami S, Boileau R, Huet-van KJ. Portal
hypertension and primary biliary cirrhosis: effect of long-term ursodeoxycholic acid treat-
ment. Gastroenterology. 2008;135:1552–60.
282. Combes B, Luketic VA, Peters MG, Zetterman RK, Garcia-Tsao G, Munoz SJ, Lin D, etal.
Prolonged follow-up of patients in the U.S. multicenter trial of ursodeoxycholic acid for
primary biliary cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:264–8.
283. Gong Y, Huang ZB, Christensen E, Gluud C.Ursodeoxycholic acid for primary biliary cir-
rhosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;3:CD000551.
284. Leuschner M, Maier KP, Schlichting J, Strahl S, Herrmann G, Dahm HH, Ackermann H,
etal. Oral budesonide and ursodeoxycholic acid for treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis:
results of a prospective double-blind trial. Gastroenterology. 1999;117:918–25.
285. Rautiainen H, Karkkainen P, Karvonen AL, Nurmi H, Pikkarainen P, Nuutinen H, Farkkila
M.Budesonide combined with UDCA to improve liver histology in primary biliary cirrhosis:
a three-year randomized trial. Hepatology. 2005;41:747–52.
286. Wolfhagen FH, van Hoogstraten HJ, van Buuren HR, van Berge-Henegouwen GP, ten Kate
FJ, Hop WC, van der Hoek EW, etal. Triple therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid, prednisone
and azathioprine in primary biliary cirrhosis: a 1-year randomized, placebo-controlled study.
J Hepatol. 1998;29:736–42.
287. Almasio PL, Floreani A, Chiaramonte M, Provenzano G, Battezzati P, Crosignani A, Podda
M, et al. Multicentre randomized placebo-controlled trial of ursodeoxycholic acid with
or without colchicine in symptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther.
2000;14:1645–52.
288. Gong Y, Gluud C.Methotrexate for primary biliary cirrhosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
2005;3:CD004385.
289. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov Ocaliva- Accessdata.fda.gov
290. Nevens F, Andreone P, Mazzella G, Strasser SI, Bowlus C, Invernizzi P, Drenth JP, etal. A
placebo-controlled trial of obeticholic acid in primary biliary cholangitis. N Engl J Med.
2016;375:631–43.
291. Hirscheld GM, Mason A, Luketic V, Lindor K, Gordon SC, Mayo M, Kowdley KV, etal.
Efcacy of obeticholic acid in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and inadequate response
to ursodeoxycholic acid. Gastroenterology. 2015;148:751–61.
292. Kowdley KV, Luketic V, Chapman R, Hirscheld GM, Poupon R, Schramm C, Vincent C,
etal. A randomized trial of obeticholic acid monotherapy in patients with primary biliary
cholangitis. Hepatology. 2018;67:1890–902.
293. Bowlus CL, Pockros PJ, Kremer AE, Pares A, Forman LM, JPH D, Ryder SD, etal. Long-
term obeticholic acid therapy improves histological endpoints in patients with primary biliary
cholangitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;18(5):1170–1178.e6.
3
Primary Biliary Cholangitis
https://t.me/medicina_free
80
294. Summereld JA, Elias E, Sherlock S.Effects of clobrate in primary biliary cirrhosis hyper-
cholesterolemia and gallstones. Gastroenterology. 1975;69:998–1000.
295. Sherlock S. Cholestasis. In: Diseases of the liver and biliary system. Oxford: Blackwell
Scientic Publications; 1981. p.209–43.
296. WHO cooperative trial on primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease with clobrate to
lower serum cholesterol: nal mortality follow-up. Report of the Committee of Principal
Investigators. Lancet. 1984;2:600–4.
297. Oliver M. The clobrate saga: a retrospective commentary. Br J Clin Pharmacol.
2012;74:907–10.
298. Fruchart JC, Duriez P.Mode of action of brates in the regulation of triglyceride and HDL-
cholesterol metabolism. Drugs Today (Barc). 2006;42:39–64.
299. Tenenbaum A, Motro M, Fisman EZ.Dual and pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated recep-
tors (PPAR) co-agonism: the bezabrate lessons. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2005;4:14.
300. Iwasaki S, Tsuda K, Ueta H, Aono R, Ono M, Saibara T, Maeda T, Onishi S.Bezabrate may
have a benecial effect in pre-cirrhotic primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatol Res. 1999;16:12–8.
301. Kanda T, Yokosuka O, Imazeki F, Saisho H.Bezabrate treatment: a new medical approach
for PBC patients? J Gastroenterol. 2003;38:573–8.
302. Nakamuta M, Fujino T, Yada R, Yasutake K, Yoshimoto T, Harada N, Yada M, et al.
Therapeutic effect of bezabrate against biliary damage: a study of phospholipid secretion
via the PPARalpha-MDR3 pathway. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010;48:22–8.
303. Hazzan R, Tur-Kaspa R.Bezabrate treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis following incom-
plete response to ursodeoxycholic acid. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2010;44:371–3.
304. Honda A, Ikegami T, Nakamuta M, Miyazaki T, Iwamoto J, Hirayama T, Saito Y, et al.
Anticholestatic effects of bezabrate in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis treated with
ursodeoxycholic acid. Hepatology. 2013;57:1931–41.
305. Hosonuma K, Sato K, Yamazaki Y, Yanagisawa M, Hashizume H, Horiguchi N, Kakizaki
S, etal. A prospective randomized controlled study of long-term combination therapy using
ursodeoxycholic acid and bezabrate in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and dyslipid-
emia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015;110:423–31.
306. Corpechot C, Chazouilleres O, Rousseau A, Le Gruyer A, Habersetzer F, Mathurin P, Goria
O, etal. A placebo-controlled trial of bezabrate in primary biliary cholangitis. N Engl J
Med. 2018;378:2171–81.
307. Jones D, Boudes PF, Swain MG, Bowlus CL, Galambos MR, Bacon BR, Doerffel Y, etal.
Seladelpar (MBX-8025), a selective PPAR-delta agonist, in patients with primary bili-
ary cholangitis with an inadequate response to ursodeoxycholic acid: a double-blind, ran-
domised, placebo-controlled, phase 2, proof-of-concept study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol.
2017;2:716–26.
308. Bowlus CA, Hirscheld G, Bacon B, Galambos M, Harrison S, Odin J, Amato G, Steinberg
S, Rosenbusch S, Bergheanu S, Boudes P.Safety and efcacy of seladelpar in patients with
primary biliary cholangitis with cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2019;70:1898.
309. Schattenberg JM, Pares A, Kowdley KV, Heneghan MA, Caldwell S, Pratt D, et al. A ran-
domized placebo-controlled trial of elabranor in patients with primary biliary cholangitis
and incomplete response to UDCA.J Hepatol. 2021;74(6):1344–54.
310. Lammers WJ, van Buuren HR, Hirscheld GM, Janssen HL, Invernizzi P, Mason AL,
Ponsioen CY, et al. Levels of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin are surrogate end points
of outcomes of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: an international follow-up study.
Gastroenterology. 2014;147:1338–1349 e1335.
311. Lammers WJ, Hirscheld GM, Corpechot C, Nevens F, Lindor KD, Janssen HL, Floreani
A, et al. Development and validation of a scoring system to predict outcomes of patients
with primary biliary cirrhosis receiving ursodeoxycholic acid therapy. Gastroenterology.
2015;149:1804–12.
N. V. Bergasa
https://t.me/medicina_free
81
312. Carbone M, Sharp SJ, Flack S, Paximadas D, Spiess K, Adgey C, Grifths L, etal. The
UK-PBC risk scores: derivation and validation of a scoring system for long-term prediction
of end-stage liver disease in primary biliary cholangitis. Hepatology. 2016;63:930–50.
313. Efe C, Tascilar K, Henriksson I, Lytvyak E, Alalkim F, Trivedi H, Eren F, etal. Validation of
risk scoring systems in ursodeoxycholic acid-treated patients with primary biliary cholangi-
tis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019;114:1101–8.
314. Gluud C, Brok J, Gong Y, Koretz RL.Hepatology may have problems with putative surrogate
outcome measures. J Hepatol. 2007;46:734–42.
315. Cauch-Dudek K, Abbey S, Stewart DE, Heathcote EJ.Fatigue in primary biliary cirrhosis.
Gut. 1998;43:705–10.
316. Goldblatt J, James OF, Jones DE.Grip strength and subjective fatigue in patients with pri-
mary biliary cirrhosis. JAMA. 2001;285:2196–7.
317. Lemp MA.Report of the National Eye Institute/industry workshop on clinical trials in dry
eyes. CLAO J. 1995;21:221–32.
318. Aragona P, Papa V, Micali A, Santocono M, Milazzo G.Long term treatment with sodium
hyaluronate-containing articial tears reduces ocular surface damage in patients with dry eye.
Br J Ophthalmol. 2002;86:181–4.
319. Tatlipinar S, Akpek EK.Topical ciclosporin in the treatment of ocular surface disorders. Br J
Ophthalmol. 2005;89:1363–7.
320. Hamano T. Lacrimal duct occlusion for the treatment of dry eye. Semin Ophthalmol.
2005;20:71–4.
321. Alves M, Novaes P, Morraye Mde A, Reinach PS, Rocha EM.Is dry eye an environmental
disease? Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2014;77:193–200.
322. Wolkoff P.The mystery of dry indoor air- an overview. Environ Int. 2018;121:1058–65.
323. Richards A, Rooney J, Prime S, Scully C.Primary biliary cirrhosis. Sole presentation with
rampant dental caries. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1994;77:16–8.
324. Olsson H, Spak CJ, Axell T.The effect of a chewing gum on salivary secretion, oral muco-
sal friction, and the feeling of dry mouth in xerostomic patients. Acta Odontol Scand.
1991;49:273–9.
325. Alsakran AM. Update knowledge of dry mouth - a guideline for dentists. Afr Health Sci.
2014;14:736–42.
326. Izumi M, Eguchi K, Nakamura H, Takagi Y, Kawabe Y, Nakamura T.Corticosteroid irrigation
of parotid gland for treatment of xerostomia in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome. Ann Rheum
Dis. 1998;57:464–9.
327. Mavragani CP, Moutsopoulos HM. Conventional therapy of Sjogren’s syndrome. Clin Rev
Allergy Immunol. 2007;32:284–91.
328. Mavragani CP.Mechanisms and new strategies for primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Annu Rev
Med. 2017;68:331–43.
329. Mang FW, Michieletti P, O’Rourke K, Cauch-Dudek K, Diamant N, Bookman A, Heathcote
J.Primary biliary cirrhosis, sicca complex, and dysphagia. Dysphagia. 1997;12:167–70.
330. Romao VC, Talarico R, Scire CA, Vieira A, Alexander T, Baldini C, Gottenberg JE,
et al. Sjogren’s syndrome: state of the art on clinical practice guidelines. RMD Open.
2018;4:e000789.
331. Floreani A, Mega A, Camozzi V, Baldo V, Plebani M, Burra P, Luisetto G.Is osteoporosis a
peculiar association with primary biliary cirrhosis? World J Gastroenterol. 2005;11:5347–50.
332. Boulton-Jones JR, Fenn RM, West J, Logan RF, Ryder SD. Fracture risk of women with
primary biliary cirrhosis: no increase compared with general population controls. Aliment
Pharmacol Ther. 2004;20:551–7.
333. Guanabens N, Pares A, del Rio L, Roca M, Gomez R, Munoz J, Rodes J.Sodium uoride
prevents bone loss in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 1992;15:345–9.
334. Camisasca M, Crosignani A, Battezzati PM, Albisetti W, Grandinetti G, Pietrogrande L, Bif
A, etal. Parenteral calcitonin for metabolic bone disease associated with primary biliary cir-
rhosis. Hepatology. 1994;20:633–7.
3
Primary Biliary Cholangitis
https://t.me/medicina_free