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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_1385_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
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- •Contents
- •1: Anorectal Anatomy
- •1.1 Introduction
- •1.2 Muscular System
- •1.2.1 Pelvic Floor Muscles
- •1.2.2 Perineal Body
- •1.2.3 Anal Sphincter Muscles
- •1.4.1 Perianal Space
- •1.4.2 Submucosal Space
- •1.4.3 Intersphincteric Space
- •1.4.4 Ischiorectal/Ischioanal Space
- •1.4.6 Supralevator Space
- •1.5 Anorectal Vascular System
- •1.5.1 Arterial Blood Supply
- •1.5.2 Venous Drainage
- •1.7 Lymphatic Drainage
- •1.8 Summary
- •References
- •2: Anorectum Physiology
- •2.1 Introduction
- •2.2 Examination
- •2.3 Basic Anorectal Physiology Laboratory Tests
- •2.3.1 Anal Manometry
- •2.3.3 Pudendal Nerve Terminal Motor Latency (PNTML)
- •2.3.4 Electromyography (EMG)
- •2.3.5 Balloon Expulsion Test
- •1.3 Fascia Structures
- •1.4 Anorectal Spaces
- •2.3.6 Rectal Compliance Test
- •2.4 Defecography
- •2.5 Colon Transit Time
- •2.6 Transanal Ultrasonography
- •2.7 Summary
- •References
- •3.1 Introduction
- •3.2 Examination Order
- •3.2.1 History Taking
- •3.2.2 Inspection
- •3.2.3 Digital Rectal Examination
- •3.2.4 Anoscopy
- •3.3 Summary
- •4.1 Introduction
- •4.2 Anesthetic Method
- •4.2.1 Local Anesthesia
- •4.2.2 Regional Anesthesia
- •4.2.3 Monitored Anesthesia Care
- •4.3 Complications
- •4.4 Summary
- •References
- •5: Hemorrhoids
- •5.1 Introduction
- •5.2 Pathophysiology
- •5.4 Diagnosis
- •5.5 Treatment
- •5.5.2 Medical Treatment
- •5.5.3 Invasive procedure
- •5.5.3.1 Rubber Band Ligation
- •5.5.3.2 Sclerotherapy
- •5.5.3.3 Infrared Coagulation
- •5.5.4 Operative Treatment
- •5.6 Postoperative Complications
- •5.6.1 Pain
- •5.6.2 Urinary Retention
- •5.6.3 Postoperative Bleeding
- •5.8 Summary
- •References
- •6: Anal Fissure
- •6.1 Introduction
- •6.2 Pathophysiology
- •6.3 Treatment
- •6.3.1 Conservative Treatment
- •6.3.2 Non-operative Treatment
- •6.3.2.1 0.2% Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) Ointment
- •6.3.2.2 Calcium Channel Blocker Ointment
- •6.3.2.3 Botox Injection
- •6.3.3 Operative Treatment
- •6.3.3.2 Fissurectomy
- •6.3.3.3 Advancement Flap
- •6.3.3.4 Anal Dilatation
- •6.5 Summary
- •References
- •7: Anal Stenosis
- •7.1 Introduction
- •7.2 Etiology
- •7.4 Diagnosis
- •7.5 Treatment
- •7.5.1 Conservative Treatment
- •7.5.2 Operative Treatment
- •7.5.2.2 Y-V Anoplasty
- •7.7 Summary
- •References
- •8.4.2 Imaging Studies
- •8.5 Treatment
- •8.6 Postoperative Complications
- •8.7.3 Necrotizing Anorectal Infection (Fournier’s Gangrene)
- •References
- •9: Fistula-in-ano
- •9.1 Introduction
- •9.2 Pathophysiology
- •8: Perianal Abscess
- •8.1 Introduction
- •8.2 Pathophysiology
- •8.3.2 Intersphincteric Abscess
- •8.3.3 Ischiorectal Abscess
- •8.3.4 Supralevator Abscess
- •8.4 Diagnosis
- •8.4.1 Examination
- •9.3.1 Intersphincteric Fistula
- •9.3.2 Transsphincteric Fistula
- •9.3.3 Suprasphincteric Fistula
- •9.3.4 Extrasphincteric Fistula
- •9.4 Diagnosis
- •9.5 Treatment
- •9.5.2.1 Intersphincteric Fistula
- •9.5.2.2 Transsphincteric Fistula
- •9.5.2.3 Suprasphincteric Fistula
- •9.5.2.4 Extrasphincteric Fistula
- •9.5.2.5 Horseshoe Fistula
- •9.5.3.1 Identifying Internal Opening
- •9.5.3.3 High Internal Opening
- •9.5.4 Sphincter-Preserving Operation
- •9.5.4.1 Advancement Flap
- •9.5.4.3 Fibrin Glue
- •9.5.4.4 Fistula Plug
- •9.6.2 Crohn’s Disease Fistula
- •9.7 Postoperative Complications
- •9.7.2 Fecal Incontinence
- •9.7.3 Recurrence
- •9.8 Summary
- •References
- •10: Rectovaginal Fistula
- •10.1 Introduction
- •10.2 Etiology
- •10.3 Diagnosis
- •10.4 Treatment
- •10.4.1 Conservative Treatment
- •10.4.2 Operative Treatment
- •10.4.2.1 Transanal Approach
- •10.4.2.2 Transperineal Approach
- •10.4.2.3 Transvaginal Approach
- •10.6 Summary
- •References
- •11: Rectal Prolapse
- •11.1 Introduction
- •11.2 Examination
- •11.3 Treatment
- •11.3.1 Non-operative Treatment
- •11.3.2 Operative Treatment
- •11.3.2.2 Delorme’s Operation
- •11.3.2.4 Anal Encirclement (Thiersch’s Operation)
- •11.4 Postoperative Management
- •11.5 Complications
- •11.5.1 Fecal Incontinence
- •11.5.2 Recurrence
- •11.6 Summary
- •References
- •12: Outlet Obstructive Constipation
- •12.1 Introduction
- •12.2 Examination
- •12.3.1 Pathophysiology
- •12.3.2 Examination
- •12.3.3 Treatment
- •12.3.3.1 Bulk-Forming Agents
- •12.3.3.2 Osmotic Agents
- •12.3.3.4 Botox Injection
- •12.4 Rectocele
- •12.4.1 Pathophysiology
- •12.4.2 Evaluation
- •12.4.3 Treatment
- •12.4.3.1 Medical Treatment
- •12.4.3.2 Surgical Treatment
- •Transvaginal Repair (Posterior Colporrhaphy)
- •Transanal Repair
- •12.5 Summary
- •References
- •13: Fecal Incontinence
- •13.1 Introduction
- •13.2 Diagnostic Evaluation
- •13.2.1 History Taking
- •13.2.2 Physical Examination
- •13.2.4 Anorectal Physiologic Testing
- •13.3 Treatment
- •13.3.1 Non-operative Treatment
- •13.3.1.1 Supportive Treatment
- •13.3.1.2 Medical Treatment
- •13.3.1.3 Biofeedback Therapy
- •13.3.1.4 Bulking Agent Injection
- •13.3.2 Operative Treatment
- •13.3.2.1 Sphincteroplasty
- •13.3.2.2 Posterior Repair
- •13.3.2.3 Sacral Nerve Stimulation
- •13.4 Summary
- •References
- •14: Pilonidal Disease
- •14.1 Introduction
- •14.2 Etiology
- •14.3 Diagnosis
- •14.4 Treatment
- •14.4.1 Non-operative Treatment
- •14.4.2 Operative Treatment
- •14.4.2.3 Bascom’s Operation
- •14.4.2.4 Advancement Fap
- •14.5 Summary
- •References
- •15: Hidradenitis Suppurativa
- •15.1 Introduction
- •15.2 Etiology
- •15.3 Diagnosis
- •15.3.1 Hurley Staging
- •15.4 Treatment
- •15.4.1 Medical Treatment
- •15.4.2 Operative Treatment
- •15.5 Recurrence
- •15.6 Summary
- •References
- •16: Condyloma Accuminatum
- •16.1 Introduction
- •16.2 Treatment
- •16.2.1 Medical Treatment
- •16.2.1.1 Imiquimod Cream (Aldara®)
- •16.2.1.2 High-Dose Cimetidine
- •16.2.1.3 Podophyllotoxin
- •16.2.1.4 Sinecatechins (Polyphenon E)
- •16.2.1.5 Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA)
- •16.2.2 Surgical Treatment
- •16.3 Prevention
- •16.4 Summary
- •References

136
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