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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_3852_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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https://t.me/med1917
IN DEX http://evolve.elsevier.com/Warekois/phlebotomy
Specimen transport (Continued)
temperature considerations in, 235–236
time constraints on, 234–235
Sphincters, in digestive process, 80–81
Sphygmomanometer, 99, 169. See also
Blood pressure cuff
Spills, chemical
cleaning, 52
response to, 31–32
Spina bida, 75, 75b
Spinal cord, 79, 79f
Spleen, 109
Standard of care
examples of, 273
and professional liability, 272
Standard Precautions, 42–46
Standards, professional, 5–8
accreditation, 6
certication, 6
State-Site system, 245f
Statute of limitations, 271
Statutes, 270
Steroid hormones, 87
Stomach, in digestive process, 80–81
Stool
cultures, 77t, 225–226
72-hour test, 226
transport and processing of, 240
Stool acidity test, 209
Stopper removal, 239–240
Stress, effect on test results of, 260
Striated involuntary muscle, 69, 70f
Striated voluntary muscle, 69, 70f
Stroke
as CNS disorder, 80, 80b
in geriatric patients, 188–189
Support services, in hospital
organization, 15
Suprapubic aspiration, 224
Sweat electrolyte/chloride specimens, 227
collection procedure for, 227
reasons for testing, 227
Sweat electrolytes (SEs), 227
Sweat glands, of skin, 76, 77f
Synapse, 69, 71f
Synaptic cleft, 69, 71f
Synarthrosis, 74
Syncope
during blood draw, 148b
during venipuncture, 174
Syringes. See also Venipuncture with
syringes
ABG, 196–197, 196f
in arterial puncture, 200–202t, 201
heparinized, 196–197
safety, 117–118, 117f
Systemic lupus erythematosus, 75, 75b
T
T- and B-cell markers, 21t
Tan-top tubes, 123, 123f
Tattoos, complications with, 169
Technology, medical, costs of, 268
Telephone skills, 5, 5b
Temperature conversions, 283
Temperature for specimen transport,
235–236
cool, 235–236, 236f
room temperature, 236
warm, 235
Temperature units, 283
Tender loving care (TLC), 188, 188f
Terminology, anatomic, 71–72, 71f.
See also Medical terminology
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM),
18, 210
Thixotropic gel, as tube additive, 121
Thoracic cavity, 72, 73f
Thoracic duct, 108–109
Throat specimens, 227
collection procedure for, 227
reasons for testing, 227
Throat swab
competency checklist for, 296
procedure for, 225t, 227
Thrombin, 106
Thymus gland, 86f, 87, 109
Thyroid gland, 86f, 87
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), 87
Thyroxine, 87
Timed specimens, 206, 208
stool, 226
urine, 223, 224, 224f
Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), 107
Tissues
connective, 69–70
dened, 68
epithelial, 68–69, 69f
muscle, 69, 70f
nerve, 69, 71f
Tolerance tests, 209
Tonsils, 109
Tops, color-coded, 121–123
black, 122
gold BD Hemogard closure, 122
gray, 122, 122f
green, 122, 122f
green-gray, 122, 122f
lavender, 121–122, 121f, 124
light blue, 121, 121f
light green, 122, 122f
orange BD Hemogard closure,
122, 122f
pearl, 122, 122f
pink, 123, 123f
red, 121, 121f, 124
red-gray, 122
royal blue, 122, 122f
tan, 123, 123f
yellow, nonsterile, 123
yellow, sterile, 121, 121f
yellow-gray, 122, 122f
Tort, dened, 271
Total Quality Management (TQM),
256–257
Tourniquet
blood pressure cuff as, 116
in contact precautions, 51
for geriatric patients, 189
problems with, 170
removing, 133t, 141
removing and reapplying, 133t, 138
in routine venipuncture, 133t, 135, 141
too tight, 170
types of, 115, 115f
Tourniquet application, as QA variable,
261, 262f
Toxicology tests, 18
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS), 90b
Trachea, 84, 85f
Tracts, of CNS, 79
Training, phlebotomy, 9
Transportation, as QA variable, 262–263
Transport systems, 233. See also Specimen
transport
Trauma
to bone, 75, 75b
to CNS, 80, 80b
to muscle, 76, 76b
Tray, portable phlebotomy, 114–115,
115f, 133, 133t
Tremor, in geriatric patients, 189
Tricuspid valve, 97, 97f
Triiodothyronine (T3), 87
Triple-lumen central venous line, 190
Trough level, 210
T4 (thyroxine), 87
T3 (triiodothyronine), 87
Tube additives. See Additives
Tube advancement mark, on adapters,
119
Tubes. See Collection tubes
Tunica adventitia, 99, 99f
2-hour postprandial test, 208
U
Ulnar artery, for arterial puncture, 199
Ultraviolet light treatment, 185
Umbilical artery, for arterial puncture,
199
Unit secretary, 15
Urethra, in male reproductive system,
88–89
Urgent care center, 23
Urinalysis, 21–22, 22t
complete, 21–22, 22t
component of, 250–251
at POC, 250–251, 251f
24-hour samples, 240
Urinary system, 82–84, 82f
disorders of, 84, 84b
kidneys in, 82f, 83–84, 83f
laboratory tests for disorders of, 84,
84t
Urine, 83–84
composition of, 223
transport and processing of, 240
Urine specimens, 223–225
collection procedures for, 224, 226f,
229t
for drug testing, 224–225
reasons for, 223
suprapubic aspiration for, 224
types of, 223–224
V
Vacutainer Push Button Blood Collection
Set, 118
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
(VRE), 50
Variables in quality phlebotomy
analytical, 264
monitoring, 257
postanalytical, 264
preanalytic
accidental puncture, 262, 262f
aliquot handling, 264
equipment, 258, 260f
labeling, 262
patient ID, 258, 260f
Copyright 2016, 2011, 2007, 2002 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
http://evolve.elsevier.com/Warekois/phlebotomy IN DEX
https://t.me/med1917
363
363
Variables in quality phlebotomy
(Continued)
patient preparation, 258–261, 260f
patient’s perception, 262, 262f
processing, 263–264
requisition handling, 257–258, 259f
specimen collection, 261–262
transportation, 262–263, 263f
types of, 257, 258f
Vascular access devices (VADs), 181
drawing from, 191
types of, 190–191, 190f, 191f
Vector transmission, 42
Veins
of antecubital fossa, 101–102, 103f
in circulatory system, 99f, 101, 101f
difculty nding, 169–170, 170f
of hand, 170,
locating, 115–116, 115f
major, 101–102, 102f
occluded and sclerosed, 169
valves in, 101, 101f
Venipuncture, 128. See also Equipment
adapter in, 133t, 137
checking patient following, 133t, 143
cleaning site for, 133t, 138
competency checklist for, 284
contraindications for, 152
examining needle for, 133t, 139
lling tubes for, 133t, 140, 141
labeling tubes for, 133t
in newborns, 186
palpating vein in, 133t, 137
patient ID in, 131–132, 133, 133t
patient positioning for, 133t, 134
performing, 133t, 139
procedure, 132, 133t
reapplying tourniquet in, 133t, 138
requisitions for, 129, 129f, 130f, 131f
site selection in, 133t, 136
Venipuncture (Continued)
specimen delivery for, 133t, 144
with syringe, 144
tourniquet use in, 133t, 135, 141
withdrawing needle, 133t, 142
Venipuncture complications, 166
with cleaning site, 170
collapsed vein, 175–176
during collection, 174–176
in communicating with patient,
168–169
failure to collect on rst try, 176
improperly positioned needle, 175, 175f
inability to identify patient, 167–168
inadvertent puncture of artery, 176
lack of blood ow, 174–175
language problems, 168
long-term, 177–178
patient refusal, 168
prolonged bleeding, 176
with sample integrity, 176–177, 176b,
177b
with site selection, 169–170
with tourniquet application, 170
Venipuncture with syringe, 145–148t
competency checklist for, 285–286
completing procedure, 145–148t, 148
disposing equipment in, 145–148t,
147
lling syringe, 145–148t, 146
performing, 145, 145–148t
preparing for, 145, 145–148t
transferring blood to tubes, 145–148t,
146
Venous blood, reference values for,
153t
Venous thrombosis, risk for, 152
Ventilation, insufcient, of respiratory
system, 86, 86b
Ventricles, 79f
Vesicles, in male reproductive system,
88–89
Villi, in digestive process, 81
Viral diseases, droplet precautions for,
51
Virology, 21
Viruses, survival of, 40–41
Visitors, during venipuncture, 168
Visual impairment, in geriatric patients,
188
Volume conversions, 279
Volume-to-mass conversions, 279
Volume units, 279
W
Ward clerk, 15
Warfarin, monitoring of, 245–246
Washington state, certication in, 8
White blood cells (WBCs), 104–106
disorders of, 108t
on Wright-stained smears, 105f
Whole blood, 120
Winged infusion set (WIS) (buttery
needle), 118, 118f, 128
competency checklist for venipuncture
with, 289–290
disposal of, 171–173t, 173
for hand collection, 170, 171–173t
Wright-stained smears, 105f
Wrist, blood drawn from, 133t, 136
Y
Yellow-top tubes, 121, 121f
Yellow-top nonsterile tubes, 123
Yellow-gray-top tubes, 122, 122f
Z
Zephiran Chloride (benzalkonium
chloride), 116
Copyright 2016, 2011, 2007, 2002 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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