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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_2870_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
240 New Medical Technology in Patient Care: A Physician’s Guide
robots assist in surgeries and automate tasks, it is vital to maintain physician training and oversight to ensure the quality of care. The development
of robotics for rehabilitation and prosthetics is a promising field that could
significantly impact patient recovery and quality of life.
In genomics and precision medicine, the sequencing of individual
genomes and the use of pharmacogenetics are paving the way for highly
personalized care. Employing biomarkers to customize treatments and
predict outcomes is an exciting development, but making genomics
affordable and accessible remains challenging. Additionally, safeguarding
privacy in collecting and using genetic data is a critical concern.
The emergence of organs-on-a-chip, wearable monitors, and mHealth
applications represents the next frontier in medical technology. These
innovations can potentially personalize healthcare further and provide
real-time health monitoring, offering new disease prevention and management insights.
Collaborative oversight and physician responsibility are crucial to
synthesizing the benefits of these technological advancements. As we
embrace these innovations, prioritizing personalized care, empathy, and
the human element in medicine is essential. The goal should be building
a more ethical, transparent, patient-centered healthcare system.
The future of medical technology is bright and holds immense prom-
ise for improving patient outcomes and healthcare delivery. However, this
future must be navigated with a keen awareness of medicine’s ethical,
practical, and human aspects. By maintaining a focus on personalized care
and empathy, ensuring rigorous oversight and continuous physician education, and addressing challenges such as accessibility, privacy, and
equity, we can harness the full potential of medical technology. This
approach will advance healthcare and ensure that it remains compassionate, patient-centered, and true to medicine’s core values.
Index
abacavir, 153, 166
Accreditation Commission for
Health Care (ACHC), 64
additive manufacturing, 208
Adler, 90
advanced visualization, 92
adverse drug reactions, 147, 153, 166
AI algorithms, 2
AI and machine learning (ML), 154
AI-assisted surgical planning, 23
Alone Together: Why We Expect
More from Technology and Less
from Each Other, 113
AlphaGo, 94
American Civil War, 46
American College of Medical
Genetics and Genomics, 152
American Telemedicine Association
(ATA), 48, 64
Apple’s iPhone, 48
Apple Watch, 129
assistive robots, 100
AsthmaMD, 135
augmented decision-making, 29
augmenting healthcare
professionals, 5
authentication and access controls, 69
automation of routine tasks, 28
autonomous, 89
Balkan conflicts, 48
best practices, 57
bioactive glass foam, 218
bioceramics, 224
biocompatibility, 211, 216
biodegradability, 216
biodegradable polymer foam, 218
bioinks, 210
compatibility with, 215
creating, 220
biomaterial developments, 196
biomedical telemetry, 47
bioprinters, 213
bioprinting, 208
extrusion-based, 214
inkjet-based, 213
laser-assisted, 215
bone, 223
bioprinting, 223
bone morphogenetic proteins
(BMPs), 223
brain-on-a-chip, 190, 195
241
242 New Medical Technology in Patient Care: A Physician’s Guide
brain tumor segmentation, 34
BRCA1, 157
BRCA1/2, 154
BRCA2, 157
broadcasted an operation, 46
burns, 222
cancer genomics, 155
cardiac patches, 228
care continuity, 72
care coordination apps, 133
care crisis, 103
carrier testing, 159
cartilage, 224
scaffolds, 231
cellular composition, 221
cell viability, 215
cerebral palsy, 99
Cerner’s CareAware, 133
chondrocytes, 224
chronic wounds, 222
cirrhosis, 228
clinical partner, 21
clinical validity, 136
clopidogrel, 164
closed-circuit television, 46
bidirectional, 47
cognitive workload, 93
collaborative partner, 29
collaborative robots (cobots), 101
community of users, 76
composite materials, 217
computer-aided design (CAD)
program, 208
computer-aided diagnosis (CAD), 37
connectivity, 128
consent, 171
consistency: ensuring reliable
diagnoses with AI, 25
continuous glucose monitors, 129
convolution, 15
convolutional neural networks
(CNNs), 6, 12, 31
convolutional layers of, 15
cost-effectiveness, 96
COVID-19 pandemic, 49
Creating Opportunities Now for
Necessary and Effective Care
Technologies (CONNECT) for
Health Act, 51
CT scans, 7
cultural competence, 60
customized implants, 230
CyberKnife, 90
CYP2C9, 153, 160, 165
CYP2C19, 164
CYP450, 153
cystic fibrosis, 159
cystic fibrosis transmembrane
conductance regulator (CFTR), 159
cytogenomics, 151
Daly et al., 225
data acquisition, 27
data-driven decisions, 131
data processing, 93
data transmission security, 69
da Vinci Surgical System, 90, 94,
105
deep cleaning robots, 106
deep learning, 6, 8, 12
essence, 31
in medical image analysis, 31
in medical imaging, 2
DeepMind, 94
deep vein thrombosis, 94
degradation rate, 211
dental applications, 231
Index 243
detecting tumors, 11
device and endpoint security, 69
Dexcom G6, 129
diabetic retinopathy, 33
diagnosis and disease detection, 4
diagnostic assistance, 21
diagnostic confidence, 30
diagnostic test analysis, 3, 38
diagnostic testing, 157
differentiated cells, 220
digital divide, 54
diverse modalities, 18
DNA double helix, 150
Dobkin, 100
drug testing, 227
early disease detection, 23, 39
early telecommunications and radio
technologies, 45
educating, 70
educational materials, 75
efficient resource allocation, 29
eHealth, 49
EHR data analysis, 2
elastomeric stamp, 189
electrocardiograph, 46
electronic health records (EHRs), 49
electrospinning, 218
Emulate, Inc., 200
enhanced accuracy, 22
enhancing diagnostic accuracy, 3
ensuring quality of care, 27
Epic’s MyChart, 133
epigenomics, 149
equitable access, 71
ergonomics, 90, 92
eSanjeevani, 49
ethical, 59, 222, 232
ethical challenges, 170
ethical considerations, 70
etiquette, 58
exoskeleton technology, 101
Fast Healthcare Interoperability
Resources (FHIR), 61
feature extraction, 9, 10
Federal Communications
Commission (FCC), 55
feedback mechanisms, 66
Fitbit, 129
flexibility, 217
Flyways, 95
Food and Drug Administration
(FDA), 232
FDA plays a key role in
regulating genetic, 172
Fort Detrick, 48
functional genomics, 148
functionality, 128
Garmin, 129
gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)
hydrogel, 211
gel-cast hydroxyapatite, 217
genetic variation, 148
genomics, 147
Genomics and Me, 173
genomic sequencing, 167
genomic tests, 157
growth factors, 223
gut-on-a-chip, 190
haptic feedback, 96
Headspace, 132
healthcare, 70
extend reach, 47
244 New Medical Technology in Patient Care: A Physician’s Guide
Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act (HIPAA) privacy
regulations, 53
heart, 228
heart-on-a-chip, 190
help desks, 76
Henrietta Lacks, 170
hepatitis, 228
HER2-positive, 151
hierarchical feature learning, 13
high-speed broadband, 54
high-speed internet, 54
high-throughput sequencing
technologies, 152
HIV treatment, 166
HLA-B*57:01 allele, 166
HLA-B*5701, 153
hormonal signaling, 199
Hospodiuk et al., 218
Human Emulation System, 200
Human Genome Project, 148, 150
image analysis, 95
image quality and resolution, 7
image segmentation, 9
improve accessibility, 63
improved efficiency, 24
improving long-term reliability, 26
improving patient throughput, 25
incident response planning, 70
individual variability, 193
induced pluripotent stem cell
(iPSC), 192
integrated sensors, 194
integration of AI into clinical
workflows, 27
interobserver, 26
interactive telemedicine, 47
interdisciplinary collaboration, 67
internet availability, 54
Internet of Things (IoT), 97
Interstate Medical Licensure
Compact, 54
Intuitive Surgical, 94
Johns Hopkins Hospital, 46
joint repair, 231
Journal of Biomedical Materials
Research, 225
Journal of the American Medical
Association (JAMA), 56, 91, 93
Journal of the American Medical
Association (JAMA) Internal
Medicine, 49
Journal of Thoracic Disease, 229
Kang et al., 223
Karel Čapek, 89
kidney organoids, 227
kidneys and bioprinting, 226
lab-on-a-chip, 189
Lancet Neurology, 100
Lander et al., 148
Lee et al.,190
legal compliance, 59
leukemia, 154
Lindbergh Operation, 105
liver, 227
liver-on-a-chip, 190
model, 198
local receptive fields, 14
Lokomat, 100
long-term viability, 232
lung-on-a-chip models, 189, 196
machine learning (ML), 3, 8, 93
magnetic resonance imaging, 6
maintaining consistency in image
interpretation, 25
Index 245
Massachusetts General Hospital, 46
McKinsey, 50
mechanical properties, 211
mechanical strength, 217
medical image analysis, 1, 3, 5, 16
medically underserved, 56
medical robots, 90
Medicare Telehealth Parity Act, 51
Medisafe, 134
Mendelian Inheritance in Man
(OMIM), 155
microarchitecture, 188
microarray technology, 161, 163
microfabricated, 188
techniques, 189, 197
microfluidic systems, 188
micro-physiological systems, 190
microscale engineering, 197
minimally invasive procedures,
90
mini-organs, 231
mini-kidneys, 227
MIT, 113
mobile health (mHealth), 48
apps, 127
monogenic disorders, 155
Mortality and Morbidity Weekly
Report, 50
Mouser et al., 225
multiparameter, 128
multiple sclerosis, 99
Murphy and Atala, 217
mutations, 154
MyFitnessPal, 132, 136
MySugr, 135
MyTherapy, 134
NASA, 47
National Center for Biotechnology
Information (NCBI), 149
National Human Genome Research
Institute’s (NHGRI), 173
natural language processing (NLP),
2, 8
Nature, 130
Nature Biotechnology, 223
nephrons, 226
neural networks, 2
next-generation sequencing (NGS)
technologies, 150, 161
nonverbal cues, 58
nuclear medicine imaging, 7
1135 telehealth waiver, 52
OMRON Connect, 135
onboarding processes, 75
Ong et al., 229
online monitoring, 128
ORCHID project, 199
organoids, 231
organ-on-a-chip, 187
construction, 188
Organovo, 228
organ printing, 207
3D, 207
organ rejection, 232
osteoconductivity, 224
osteoprogenitor cell growth, 224
outcome analysis, 168
Papago Indian Reservation in
Arizona, 47
Parkinson’s disease, 99
patient-centered care, 5
patient education, 70
patient engagement, 132
patient rights, 172
patients, 70
personalized medicine, 5, 107, 147,
192, 230
246 New Medical Technology in Patient Care: A Physician’s Guide
personalized treatment, 167
pharmacogenomics, 148, 153
pharmacogenomic testing, 160
pharmacy robots, 106
photolithography, 189
PillPick, 106
polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS),
188, 197
polyglycolic acid (PGA), 217
polylactic acid (PLA), 217
polymerase chain reaction, 161
polymeric matrix, 210
pooling, 15
portability, 128
practical support, 95
precision and accuracy, 215
precision medicine, 107
precision public health, 156
predictive, 158
predictive analytics, 3
predictive medicine, 154
preoperative planning, 95
presymptomatic, 158
presymptomatic testing, 158
printability, 211
prioritize urgent cases, 28
privacy and security, 68
protections, 172
providing additional insights, 29
public perception, 173
pulmonary embolisms, 94
quality assurance, 66
radiosurgery, 90
rapid data processing, 24
real-time, 128
real-time analysis, 21, 28
reducing interobserver variability, 26
reducing radiologist workload, 36
reducing turnaround times, 28
regulatory acceptance, 199
regulatory considerations, 222, 232
regulatory frameworks, 172
regulatory oversight, 128
rehabilitation robots, 90, 99
reimbursement policies, 51
remote consultations, 102
remote medical diagnosis, 46
remote monitoring, 130
remotely controlled, 89
ReWalk exoskeleton, 100
robot-assisted rehabilitation, 99
robot-assisted surgery (RAS), 91
robots, 89
Rossum’s Universal Robots, 89
RxNorm, 61
Ryan Haight Act Amendment, 50
Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy
Consumer Protection Act, 50
safety concerns, 96
Sanger-based (dideoxy) DNA, 150
scaffold flexibility, 217
scaffolds, 216
Security Audits, 69
segmenting anatomical structures, 11
self-management, 134
semiautonomous, 89
shared decision-making, 136
Sherry Turkle, 113
ship-to-shore radio
communications, 46
sickle cell anemia, 159
single nucleotide polymorphism
(SNP), 148, 163
skin bioprinter, 215
Skylar-Scott et al., 212
Index 247
SNP genotyping, 167
Social Security Act, 52
soft lithography, 189
Somalia, 48
Space Technology Applied to Rural
Papago Advanced Health Care
(STARPAHC), 47
speed and efficiency, 215
spinal cord injuries (SCIs), 99
spinocerebellar ataxia, 155
staff training, 70
standardization, 60
standardization and validation, 199
standardized guidelines, 170
Standards Coordinating Body, 199
state-based licensure requirements, 54
statins, 168
stem cells, 210, 220
embryonic, 232
Stereotactic and Functional
Neurosurgery, 90
streamlined reporting, 24
streamlining image analysis, 28
stroke, 99
structural genomics, 148
structure and size, 217
subtractive manufacturing, 208
Sung et al., 198
superior sensitivity and
specificity, 22
support for complex decisions, 22
support hotlines, 76
SureForm staplers, 95
surgery, 94
surgical robots, 90, 91
surpassing human observers, 17
Swisslog, 106
Symptomate, 135
synthetic polymers, 217
Systematized Nomenclature of
Medicine (SNOMED), 61
2D cell cultures, 190
3D printing, 189
21st Century Cures Act, 51
tailored treatment plans, 21
Tay–Sachs disease, 159
technological innovations, 72
Teladoc, 132
Tel Aviv University, 228
telecommunication technologies, 45
telegraph, 46
telemedicine, 45
Telemedicine & Advanced
Technology Research Center
(TATRC), 48
telepresence robots, 90, 102
telesurgery robots, 90
thalassemia, 159
The Genetic Information
Nondiscrimination Act (GINA), 171
The Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act (HIPAA), 172
The Integrated Tissue and Organ
Printing System (ITOP), 213
therapeutic robots, 99
thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT)
gene, 151
tissue grafts, 230
toxicity testing, 191
toxicological analyses, 194
TPMT enzyme, 154
training sessions, 75
Transatlantic Think Tank for
Toxicology (t4), 199
transfer learning, 32
248 New Medical Technology in Patient Care: A Physician’s Guide
trastuzumab, 151
traumatic brain injury (TBI), 99
treatment planning and
monitoring, 4
tricalcium phosphate, 224
tumor genome sequencing, 151
two-way audiovisual microwave
circuit, 46
ultrasound, 7
ultraviolet (UV) disinfection
technology, 106
unforeseen biological responses,
232
United States Core Data for
Interoperability (USCDI), 61
University of Toronto, 215
use of secure platforms and
tools, 70
user-friendly design, 128
U.S. military, 48
U.S. space program, 47
Utilization Review Accreditation
Commission (URAC), 64
UV disinfection robot, 106
vascularization, 196
Veterans Health Administration, 49
VKORC1, 153, 160, 165
Wake Forest, 213
Wake Forest Institute for
Regenerative Medicine, 209, 226
warfarin sensitivity testing, 160
Watson and Crick, 150
wearable electrocardiogram (ECG)
monitors, 129
wearable monitors, 127
electrod
WebMD, 135
weight sharing, 15
whole-exome or -genome
sequencing, 151
Willem Einthoven, 46
workflow, 2
World Health Organization, 49
X-ray imaging, 18
X-rays, 6
Zio Patch, 129