Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling may be considered as a type of QSP modeling for characterizing and predicting the disposition of drugs. Traditionally, the plasma PK of drugs has been used to infer its tissue concentrations and interpret its PD or toxicodynamic effects. While this may be relevant for small‑mol‑ ecule drugs, it is not suitable for other modalities, such as biotherapeutics, where the plasma concentration may not accurately reect the concentration at the site of action. As such, PBPK models have gained traction as a more mechanistic and realistic mod‑ eling approach to describe drug disposition [10]. These models are highly complex in nature and integrate drug‑specific parameters, like intrinsic clearance and tissue parti‑ tion coefficients, with a drug‑independent structural model consisting of anatomical compartments (e.g., organs and tissues) connected via physiological processes, e.g., blood flow and lymph flow. The physiological nature of these models makes them rela‑ tively easy to scale between species, and the mechanistic nature makes them exible enough to adapt to changes in pathological conditions.