Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5381_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана

In vitro plant morphogenesis refers to the capacity of cultured plant explants and cells resulting in the development of discrete organs, whole plants, and mass of undifferentiated cells (callus). It has provided opportunities for numerous applica­tions of in vitro plant biology studies of biochemistry, basic botany, propagation, conservation, breeding, and development of transgenic crops. Researchers have been trying for years to conserve and devise a sustainable conservation protocol for bulbous Fritillaria. Rate of vegetative propagation in Fritillaria is very low, since one mother bulb can produce two to three daughter bulbs depending on ecological niche conditions and cultivation procedures (Ulug et al., 2010). Propagation through seed is even more difficult than vegetative propagation. The seedling can take 4e6 years to become mature plants (Petric et al., 2012; Kumar et al., 2020a). To overcome these situations, various efforts for in vitro regeneration or morphogen­esis have been attempted since the early 1980s on different medicinal Fritillaria species. Tissue culture techniques provide an alternative and sustainable protocol over to vegetative propagations. Through plant tissue culture technology, initial explants, i.e., bulb scales, bulb segments (transverse or vertical cuts), or whole bulbs, were used as explants for micropropagation of Fritillaria. Calli, somatic embryos, and bulblets have been induced and regenerated using different concentrations and combinations of plant regulators under optimized culture conditions such as photoperiod, light flux, humidity, and temperature for the effective morphogenetic response of Fritillaria species (Petric et al., 2012). Petric et al. (2012) reviewed an article on in vitro morphogenesis of Fritillaria species and provided detailed scientific insight into propagation and somatic embryogenesis using bulb and bulb scale culture, stem and inflorescence culture, zygotic embryo culture, leaf base culture, root culture, androgenesis, plant acclimatization, and in vitro metabolite production particularly alkaloids of Fritillaria species. Fritillaria species can be regenerated through both direct and through intermediate callus phase, indirect organogenesis. However, the success of in vitro regeneration depends on various factors such as selection of explants, age of explant, type and composition of media, specific growth regulators, etc. Almost all explants of Fritillaria plant have been used for direct organogenesis in various species such as bulb scale and leaf of Fritillaria camtschatcensis (Otani and Shimanda, 1997), seedlings of F. cirrhosa