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Файл:Разработка и исполнение решений документации в строительстве. Учебное пособие
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Ⱥ. ȿ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɨɜ
ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɂ ɂɋɉɈɅɇȿɇɂȿ ɊȿɒȿɇɂɃ
ȾɈɄɍɆȿɇɌȺɐɂɂ ȼ ɋɌɊɈɂɌȿɅɖɋɌȼȿ
ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ȼɨɥɨɝɞɚ
«ɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ»
2024
ɍȾɄ 69.05
ȻȻɄ 38.6
Ɇ17
Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬ:
ɞ. ɬ. ɧ., ɞɨɰ., ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ʉɚɥɢɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɝɨ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɉɢɦɟɧɨɜ ȼ. Ⱥ.
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɨɜ, Ⱥ. ȿ.
Ɇ17 Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ :
ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / Ⱥ. ȿ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɨɜ. – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ; ȼɨɥɨɝɞɚ : ɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ,
2024. – 152 ɫ. : ɢɥ., ɬɚɛɥ.
ISBN 978-5-9729-1898-0
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ
ɷɬɚɩɵ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ. Ⱦɚɧɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɬɟɫɬɵ ɢ
ɤɪɚɬɤɢɟ ɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɚɦ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɭɡɨɜ, ɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɭɪɫ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɰɢɤɥɚ «ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ» ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ
ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ 08.03.01 «ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ».
ɍȾɄ 69.05
ȻȻɄ 38.6
ISBN 978-5-9729-1898-0 © Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɨɜ Ⱥ. ȿ., 2024
© ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ «ɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ», 2024
© Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ. ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ «ɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ», 2024
ɈȽɅȺȼɅȿɇɂȿ
ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ .................................................................................................................. 4
ɌȿɊɆɂɇɕ ɂ ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂə ................................................................................. 5
ȽɅȺȼȺ 1. ɌȿɏɇɂɄɈ-ɗɄɈɇɈɆɂɑȿɋɄɈȿ ɈȻɈɋɇɈȼȺɇɂȿ
ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋȺ ɉɊɈȿɄɌɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ɂ ɋɌɊɈɂɌȿɅɖɋɌȼȺ .................................... 8
1.1. Ɍɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
....................................................................................... 8
ȽɅȺȼȺ 2. ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ȾɈɄɍɆȿɇɌȺɐɂɂ ...................................................... 15
2.1. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ..................................................... 15
2.2. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ......................................................... 65
2.3. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ........................................................ 73
2.4. ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ................ 81
ȽɅȺȼȺ 3. ɂɋɉɈɅɇȿɇɂə ɊȿɒȿɇɂɃ ȾɈɄɍɆȿɇɌȺɐɂɂ
ȼ ɉȿɊɂɈȾ ɋɌɊɈɂɌȿɅɖɇɕɏ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋɈȼ ....................................................... 84
3.1. ɂɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɤɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ............................................................. 85
3.2. ɂɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ .............................................................................. 100
3.3. ɂɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ................................................................ 104
ȽɅȺȼȺ 4. ɂɋɉɈɅɇȿɇɂȿ ɊȿɒȿɇɂɃ ȾɈɄɍɆȿɇɌȺɐɂɂ
ɉɈ ɈɄɈɇɑȺɇɂɘ ɋɌɊɈɂɌȿɅɖɋɌȼȺ ............................................................... 133
4.1. ɂɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ............. 134
4.2. ɂɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɚ ........................................................... 137
ɌȿɋɌɕ ȾɅə ɉɊɈȼȿɊɄɂ ɌȿɄɍɓȿȽɈ ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂə ɉɈ ȽɅȺȼȺɆ
ȾɂɋɐɂɉɅɂɇɕ ...................................................................................................... 139
ȼȺɊɂȺɇɌɕ ɁȺȾȺɇɂə ɂ ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɖɇɕȿ ȼɈɉɊɈɋɕ ................................. 144
ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ ......................................................................................................... 148
3
ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ
ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ (ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɧɚ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɧɚ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɧɚ
ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɦɨɧɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɧɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɦɨɧɬ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɧɚ ɫɧɨɫ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɩɪɨɮɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ):
– ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ – ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ (ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ), ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ;
– ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨ-
ɪɢɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ;
– ɩɪɢɟɦɤɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸ.
ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ (ɩɪɢɤɚɡɚɦɢ) ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ:
– ɥɢɰɨ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɜɲɟɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ, – ɨɬɜɟɬ-
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɋɉ 246.1325800;
– ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɳɢɤ (ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤ) – ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɡɚ-
ɫɬɪɨɣɳɢɤɚ (ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɚ) ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ;
– ɥɢɰɨ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ;
– ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɡɚ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɭɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɝɪɭɡɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɡɚ ɜɵɞɚɱɭ ɧɚɪɹɞɨɜ-ɞɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ.
Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɚɦɢ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɳɢɤɚɦɢ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ.
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ
ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ:
– ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ;
– ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɚ;
– ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ,
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɨɦ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɨɦ;
– ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɨɦ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɨɦ;
– ɩɪɢɟɦɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɬɪɨɢ-
ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ.
4
ɌȿɊɆɂɇɕ ɂ ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂə
ɂɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɵ – ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ, ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɨ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ
ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ, ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ, ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (ɞɚɥɟɟ – ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɵ).
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤ – ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɧɟ-
ɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ, ɢɥɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɧɚɞɟɥɺɧɧɚɹ ɫɨɨɬ-
ɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ.
Ɂɚɫɬɪɨɣɳɢɤ – ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɧɚ
ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɦ ɟɦɭ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ, ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɦɨɧɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ, ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ.
Ɂɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɢ – ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟ
-
ɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ.
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤ – ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨ-
ɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ, ɢɥɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɵ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɳɢɤɨɦ
ɢ ɨɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɳɢɤɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɵ ɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ, ɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ, ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ,
ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɞɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ
ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ
ɜɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɥɢɰɚɦ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɦ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ, ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɦɨɧɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɭɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ,
ɩɨɞɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɜɨɞ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɧɵɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɦ Ʉɨɞɟɤɫɨɦ.
ɋɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ,
ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ (ɞɚɥɟɟ –
ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ) – ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɟɫɬɪ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ
ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɱɥɟɧɫɬɜɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ (ɢɥɢ)
ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ
ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ,
ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɦɨɧɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ.
ɂɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ – ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɛɴɺɦɚ ɢ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ-ɫɦɟɬɧɚɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɺɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦɢ (ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ (ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɩɥɚɧ).
5
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟɣ, ɫɯɟɦ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ, ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ, ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɟ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɟɝɨ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɨ-ɪɚɡɪɟɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɡɟɦɥɟɭɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
ɢ ɢɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ
ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. Ʉ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨ-ɪɚɡɪɟɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɚɤɬ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ, ɩɥɚɧ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ, ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɢɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ
ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɦɢ ɚɤɬɚɦɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ.
ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɦ ɚɤɬɚɦ, ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ-
ɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ (ɩɭɧɤɬ 3.1.2 ȽɈɋɌ Ɋ 21.1001).
Ɋɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɜ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɺɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ
.
ɉɨɞɪɹɞɱɢɤɢ – ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɩɨɞɪɹɞɚ ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɭ, ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɦɵɦ ɫ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɦ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɨɦ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ.
Ɋɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ – ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ
ɦɟɠɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ (ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ) ɢ ɞɚɸɳɢɣ
ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɳɢɤɭ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ Ƚɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɞɟɤɨɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ
Cɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ – ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɰ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ 2
ɫɬɚɬɶɢ 53 Ƚɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ (ɫɦ. ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ), ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɝɥɚ-
6
ɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ, ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɥɚɧɚ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ – ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɩɨɞɪɹɞɱɢɤɨɦ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɯ
ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ, ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɺɦɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ.
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɞɡɨɪ – ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɳɢɤɨɦ, ɡɚɤɚɡ
-
ɱɢɤɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɨɦ ɡɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɨɛɴɺɦɚ, ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɟɺ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ, ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ ɦɟɠɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ
ɧɨɪɦ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥ
ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɺɦɤɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ,
ɡɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ, ɢɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɜɜɨɞɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸ
ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ.
Ⱥɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɞɡɨɪ – ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɥɢɰɚ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɜɲɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ-
ɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɡɚ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɨ-
ɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ.
ɋɟɬɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɦɭɳɟ-
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ
ɢ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɥɢɛɨ ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ
ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸ
ɫɟɬɟɣ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɢ ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ – ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
(ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ), ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɮɚɤ-
ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɢɯ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ-
ɫɥɟ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɫɤɨɧɚɥɚɞɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ (ɷɬɚɩɚ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ).
Ɍɨɱɤɚ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ – ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ (ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ) ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɤ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ.
ɋɦɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ – ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɯ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤɚɩɢ
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ɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜ ɫɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ.
7
Ƚɨɬɨɜɚɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɹ – ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢ (ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ) ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɳɢɤɚ
(ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɚ).
ȽɅȺȼȺ 1. ɌȿɏɇɂɄɈ-ɗɄɈɇɈɆɂɑȿɋɄɈȿ ɈȻɈɋɇɈȼȺɇɂȿ
ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋȺ ɉɊɈȿɄɌɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ɂ ɋɌɊɈɂɌȿɅɖɋɌȼȺ
ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ (ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ) ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɪɢɫɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ (ɧɟ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ) ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ-ɫɦɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ.
1.1. Ɍɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɐɟɥɹɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɌɗɈ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ:
ɚ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ;
ɛ) ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ;
ɜ) ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ.
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɌɗɈ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ:
– ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɩɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ, ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ, ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɯ
ɪɚɡɪɵɜɨɜ, ɡɨɧ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ;
– ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ (ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ);
– ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɚ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɤ ɫɟɬɹɦ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ;
– ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ, ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨ-ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ,
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ, ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ;
– ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ;
– ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ;
– ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ.
ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɌɗɈ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɌɗɈ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ (ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɣ) ɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ.
8
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɌɗɈ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧ-
ɧɵɟ:
– ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɌɗɈ, ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶ-
ɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ;
– ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ (ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ) ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ (ɞɥɹ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨ
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ);
– ɫɯɟɦɚ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ 1:2000 (ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ);
– ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɩɨ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɡɨɧ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹ
ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹ (ɩɪɢ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ);
– ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɴɟɦɤɚ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ 1:500;
– ɨɬɱɟɬ ɨɛ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ;
– ɨɬɱɟɬ ɨɛ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ;
– ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɟɬɹɦ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ (ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ);
– ɂɧɵɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ
ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ.
Ɉɬɱɟɬɵ ɨɛ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɌɗɈ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɚɪɯɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ, ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɌɗɈ. ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɨɬɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɦ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɌɗɈ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɷɬɚɩɨɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ
ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ
ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ.
ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɟɬɹɦ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ (ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ), ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɚ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɳɢɤɚ
(ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɚ), ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ.
ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɌɗɈ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɳɢɤɨɦ (ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɨɦ), ɟɫɥɢ ɢɧɨɟ
ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɦ (ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɨɦ) ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
ɋɪɨɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɌɗɈ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ, ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɚ.
ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɌɗɈ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɌɗɈ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ
ɞɨ-
ɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɦ
ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ:
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-
– ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɢɤɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ;
– ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ;
– ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ;
– ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ;
– ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɇɚ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɌɗɈ:
ɚ) ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ (ɡɞɚɧɢɹ, ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɵ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ),
ɡɚ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ;
ɛ) ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ (ɡɞɚɧɢɹ, ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɥɢɳɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ);
ɜ) ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ (ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ, ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɵɟ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ,
ɥɢɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɞɪ.).
ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɌɗɈ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɟ, ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɟ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɆȽɇ.
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɌɗɈ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɢɡ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ:
– ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ,
ɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɧɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢ
(ɢɥɢ) ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɢ
ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ;
– ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟɣ, ɫɯɟɦ, ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ.
ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɌɗɈ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ:
– ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ
ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɢɥɢ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ;
– ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ (ɞɥɹ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɴ-
ɟɤɬɨɜ);
– ɢɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ.
ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɷɬɚɩɚɦɢ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɚ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɌɗɈ.
ɋɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɌɗɈ ɢɥɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɌɗɈ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ
ɰɟɧ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɢɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɦ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ.
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