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THE TRAGEDY OF PUDD’NHEAD WILSON
around with a dust-rag. She looked at the money awhile with
a steady rising resentment, then she burst out with –
“Dad blame dat revival, I wisht it had ’a’ be’n put off
till to-morrow!”
Then she covered the tempter with a book, and another
member of the kitchen cabinet got it. She made this sacrifi ce
as a matter of religious etiquette; as a thing necessary just now,
but by no means to be wrested into a precedent; no, a week
or two would limber up her piety, then she would be rational
again, and the next two dollars that got left out in the cold
would fi nd a comforter – and she could name the comforter.
Was she bad? Was she worse than the general run of her
race? No. They had an unfair show in the battle of life, and
they held it no sin to take military advantage of the enemy –
in a small way; in a small way, but not in a large one. They
would smouch provisions from the pantry whenever they got
a chance; or a brass thimble, or a cake of wax, or an emery-bag,
or a paper of needles, or a silver spoon, or a dollar bill, or small
articles of clothing, or any other property of light value; and so
far were they from considering such reprisals sinful, that they
would go to church and shout and pray the loudest and sincerest with their plunder in their pockets. A farm smoke-house
had to be kept heavily padlocked, for even the colored deacon himself could not resist a ham when Providence showed
him in a dream, or otherwise, where such a thing hung lonesome and longed for some one to love. But with a hundred
hanging before him the deacon would not take two – that
is, on the same night. On frosty nights the humane negro
prowler would warm the end of a plank and put it up under
21

MARK TWAIN
the cold claws of chickens roosting in a tree; a drowsy hen
would step on to the comfortable board, softly clucking her
gratitude, and the prowler would dump her into his bag, and
later into his stomach, perfectly sure that in taking this trifl e
from the man who daily robbed him of an inestimable treasure – hisliberty – he was not committing any sin that God
would remember against him in the Last Great Day.
“Name the thief!”
For the fourth time Mr. Driscoll had said it, and always
in the same hard tone. And now he added these words of
awful import:
“I give you one minute” – he took out his watch. “If at
the end of that time you have not confessed, I will not only
sell all four of you, but – I will sell you !”
It was equivalent to condemning them to hell! No Missouri negro doubted this. Roxy reeled in her tracks and
the color vanished out of her face; the others dropped to their
knees as if they had been shot; tears gushed from their eyes,
their supplicating hands went up, and three answers came in
the one instant:
“I done it!”
“I done it!”
“I done it! – have mercy, marster – Lord have mercy on us
po’ niggers!”
“Very good,” said the master, putting up his watch, “I will
sell you here though you don’t deserve it. You ought to be sold
down the river.”
The culprits fl ung themselves prone, in an ecstasy of gratitude, and kissed his feet, declaring that they would never for-
22

THE TRAGEDY OF PUDD’NHEAD WILSON
get his goodness and never cease to pray for him as long as
they lived. They were sincere, for like a god he had stretched
forth his mighty hand and closed the gates of hell against
them. He knew, himself, that he had done a noble and gracious
thing, and was privately well pleased with his magnanimity;
and that night he set the incident down in his diary, so that
his son might read it in after years, and be thereby moved to
deeds of gentleness and humanity himself.

CHAPTER III
ROXY PLAYS A SHREWD TRICK
Whoever has lived long enough to fi nd out what life is,
knows how deep a debt of gratitude we owe to Adam,
the fi rst great benefactor of our race. He brought death
into the world.
Pudd’nhead Wilson’s Calendar.
Percy Driscoll slept well the night he saved his houseminions from going down the river, but no wink of sleep visited Roxy’s eyes. A profound terror had taken possession of
her. Her child could grow up and be sold down the river!
The thought crazed her with horror. If she dozed and lost herself for a moment, the next moment she was on her feet fl ying to her child’s cradle to see if it was still there. Then she
would gather it to her heart and pour out her love upon it
in a frenzy of kisses, moaning, crying, and saying, “Dey sha’n’t,
oh, dey sha’n’t! – yo’ po’ mammy will kill you fust!”
Once, when she was tucking it back in its cradle again,
the other child nestled in its sleep and attracted her attention. She went and stood over it a long time communing
with herself:
24

THE TRAGEDY OF PUDD’NHEAD WILSON
“What has my po’ baby done, dat he couldn’t have yo’
luck? He hain’t done noth’n’. God was good to you; why warn’t
he good to him? Dey can’t sell you down de river. I hates yo’
pappy; he hain’t got no heart – for niggers he hain’t, anyways.
I hates him, en I could kill him!” She paused awhile, thinking; then she burst into wild sobbings again, and turned
away, saying, “Oh, I got to kill my chile, dey ain’t no yuther
way, – killin’ him wouldn’t save de chile fum goin’ down de
river. Oh, I got to do it, yo’ po’ mammy’s got to kill you to save
you, honey” – she gathered her baby to her bosom, now, and
began to smother it with caresses – “Mammy’s got to kill
you – how kin I do it! But yo’ mammy ain’t gwine to desert
you – no, no; dah, don’t cry – she gwine wid you, she gwine to
kill herself too. Come along, honey, come along wid mammy;
we gwine to jump in de river, den de troubles o’ dis worl’ is all
over – dey don’t sell po’ niggers down the river over yonder.”
She started toward the door, crooning to the child and
hushing it; midway she stopped, suddenly. She had caught
sight of her new Sunday gown – a cheap curtain-calico thing,
a confl agration of gaudy colors and fantastic fi gures. She surveyed it wistfully, longingly.
“Hain’t ever wore it yet,” she said, “en it’s jist lovely.” Then
she nodded her head in response to a pleasant idea, and added,
“No, I ain’t gwine to be fi shed out, wid everybody lookin’ at me,
in dis mis’able ole linsey-woolsey.”
She put down the child and made the change. She looked
in the glass and was astonished at her beauty. She resolved to make her death-toilet perfect. She took off her
handkerchief-turban and dressed her glossy wealth of hair
25

MARK TWAIN
“like white folks”; she added some odds and ends of rather lurid ribbon and a spray of atrocious artificial flowers;
finally she threw over her shoulders a fluffy thing called
a “cloud” in that day, which was of a blazing red complexion. Then she was ready for the tomb.
She gathered up her baby once more; but when her eye fell
upon its miserably short little gray tow-linen shirt and noted
the contrast between its pauper shabbiness and her own volcanic irruption of infernal splendors, her mother-heart was
touched, and she was ashamed.
“No, dolling, mammy ain’t gwine to treat you so. De angels
is gwine to ’mire you jist as much as dey does yo’ mammy. Ain’t
gwine to have ’em putt’n’ dey han’s up ’fo’ dey eyes en sayin’ to
David en Goliah en dem yuther prophets, ‘Dat chile is dress’
too indelicate fo’ dis place.’”
By this time she had stripped off the shirt. Now she clothed
the naked little creature in one of Thomas à Becket’s snowy
long baby-gowns, with its bright blue bows and dainty fl ummery of ruffl es.
“Dah – now you’s fi xed.” She propped the child in a chair
and stood off to inspect it. Straightway her eyes began to widen
with astonishment and admiration, and she clapped her hands
and cried out, “Why, it do beat all! – I never knowed you was
so lovely. Marse Tommy ain’t a bit puttier – not a single bit.”
She stepped over and glanced at the other infant; she fl ung
a glance back at her own; then one more at the heir of the house.
Now a strange light dawned in her eyes, and in a moment she
was lost in thought. She seemed in a trance; when she came
26

THE TRAGEDY OF PUDD’NHEAD WILSON
out of it she muttered, “When I ’uz a-washin’ ’em in de tub,
yistiddy, his own pappy asked me which of ’em was his’n.”
She began to move about like one in a dream. She undressed Thomas à Becket, stripping him of everything, and put
the tow-linen shirt on him. She put his coral necklace on her
own child’s neck. Then she placed the children side by side,
and after earnest inspection she muttered –
“Now who would b’lieve clo’es could do de like o’ dat?
Dog my cats if it ain’t all I kin do to tell t’other fum which, let
alone his pappy.”
She put her cub in Tommy’s elegant cradle and said –
“You’s young Marse Tom fum dis out, en I got to practise and git used to ’memberin’ to call you dat, honey, or
I’s gwine to make a mistake some time en git us bofe into
trouble. Dah – now you lay still en don’t fret no mo’, Marse
Tom – oh, thank de good Lord in heaven, you’s saved, you’s
saved! – dey ain’t no man kin ever sell mammy’s po’ little
honey down de river now!”
She put the heir of the house in her own child’s unpainted
pine cradle, and said, contemplating its slumbering form uneasily –
“I’s sorry for you, honey; I’s sorry, God knows I is, – but
what kin I do, what could I do? Yo’ pappy would sell him to
somebody, some time, en den he’d go down de river, sho’, en
I couldn’t, couldn’t, couldn’t stan’ it.”
She fl ung herself on her bed and began to think and toss,
toss and think. By and by she sat suddenly upright, for a comforting thought had fl own through her worried mind –
27

MARK TWAIN
“’Tain’t no sin – white folks has done it! It ain’t no sin, glory to goodness it ain’t no sin! Dey’s done it – yes, en dey was de
biggest quality in de whole bilin’, too – kings!”
She began to muse; she was trying to gather out of her
memory the dim particulars of some tale she had heard some
time or other. At last she said –
“Now I’s got it; now I ’member. It was dat ole nigger preacher
dat tole it, de time he come over here fum Illinois en preached
in de nigger church. He said dey ain’t nobody kin save his own
self – can’t do it by faith, can’t do it by works, can’t do it no
way at all. Free grace is de on’y way, en dat don’t come fum
nobody but jis’ de Lord; en he kin give it to anybody he please,
saint or sinner – he don’t kyer. He do jis’ as he’s a mineter.
He s’lect out anybody dat suit him, en put another one in his
place, and make de fust one happy forever en leave t’other
one to burn wid Satan. De preacher said it was jist like dey done
in Englan’ one time, long time ago. De queen she lef’ her baby
layin’ aroun’ one day, en went out callin’; en one o’ de niggers
roun’-’bout de place dat was ’mos’ white, she come in en see de
chile layin’ aroun’, en tuck en put her own chile’s clo’es on de
queen’s chile, en put de queen’s chile’s clo’es on her own chile,
en den lef’ her own chile layin’ aroun’ en tuck en toted de
queen’s chile home to de nigger-quarter, en nobody ever foun’
it out, en her chile was de king bimeby, en sole de queen’s chile
down de river one time when dey had to settle up de estate.
Dah, now – de preacher said it his own self, en it ain’t no sin,
’ca’se white folks done it. Dey done it – yes, dey done it; en not
on’y jis’ common white folks nuther, but de biggest quality dey
is in de whole bilin’. Oh, I’s so glad I ’member ’bout dat!”
28

THE TRAGEDY OF PUDD’NHEAD WILSON
She got up light-hearted and happy, and went to the cradles and spent what was left of the night “practising.”
She would give her own child a light pat and say humbly,
“Lay still, Marse Tom,” then give the real Tom a pat and say
with severity, “Lay still, Chambers! – does you want me to
take somep’n’ to you?”
As she progressed with her practice, she was surprised to
see how steadily and surely the awe which had kept her
tongue reverent and her manner humble toward her young
master was transferring itself to her speech and manner toward the usurper, and how similarly handy she was becoming in transferring her motherly curtness of speech and peremptoriness of manner to the unlucky heir of the ancient
house of Driscoll.
She took occasional rests from practising, and absorbed
herself in calculating her chances.
“Dey’ll sell dese niggers to-day fo’ stealin’ de money, den
dey’ll buy some mo’ dat don’t know de chillen – so dat’s all
right. When I takes de chillen out to git de air, de minute I’s
roun’ de corner I’s gwine to gaum dey mouths all roun’ wid
jam, den dey can’t nobody notice dey’s changed. Yes, I gwineter
do dat till I’s safe, if it’s a year.
“Dey ain’t but one man dat I’s afeard of, en dat’s dat
Pudd’nhead Wilson. Dey calls him a pudd’nhead, en says
he’s a fool. My lan’, dat man ain’t no mo’ fool den I is! He’s de
smartes’ man in dis town, less’n it’s Jedge Driscoll or maybe
Pem Howard. Blame dat man, he worries me wid dem ornery
glasses o’ hisn; I b’lieve he’s a witch. But nemmine, I’s gwine to
happen aroun’ dah one o’ dese days en let on dat I reckon he
29

MARK TWAIN
wants to print de chillen’s fi ngers ag’in; en if he don’t notice
dey’s changed, I bound dey ain’t nobody gwine to notice it, en
den I’s safe, sho’. But I reckon I’ll tote along a hoss-shoe to keep
off de witch-work.”
The new negroes gave Roxy no trouble, of course. The master gave her none, for one of his speculations was in jeopardy,
and his mind was so occupied that he hardly saw the children
when he looked at them, and all Roxy had to do was to get
them both into a gale of laughter when he came about; then
their faces were mainly cavities exposing gums, and he was
gone again before the spasm passed and the little creatures
resumed a human aspect.
Within a few days the fate of the speculation became so dubious that Mr. Percy went away with his brother the Judge, to see
what could be done with it. It was a land speculation as usual,
and it had gotten complicated with a lawsuit. The men were
gone seven weeks. Before they got back Roxy had paid her visit to Wilson, and was satisfi ed. Wilson took the fi nger-prints, labeled them with the names and with the date – October
the fi rst – put them carefully away and continued his chat with
Roxy, who seemed very anxious that he should admire the great
advance in fl esh and beauty which the babies had made since he
took their fi nger-prints a month before. He complimented their
improvement to her contentment; and as they were without any
disguise of jam or other stain, she trembled all the while and was
miserably frightened lest at any moment he –
But he didn’t. He discovered nothing; and she went home
jubilant, and dropped all concern about the matter permanently out of her mind.
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