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Файл:Reading Comprehension in Law. Учебник для СПО
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СРЕДНЕЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ
_________________________________________________________________
М.В. Алисевич, А.В. Цветкова
READING COMPREHENSION IN LAW
УЧЕБНИК ДЛЯ СПО
Под редакцией М.В. Алисевич
2-е издание
Рекомендовано Учебно-методическим отделом СПО в качестве учебника
для использования в учебном процессе образовательными учреждениями
среднего профессионального образования по специальности
«Право и организация социального обеспечения»
Москва
Ай Пи Ар Медиа
2024
Саратов
Профобразование
2024
УДК 811.111
ББК 81.2
А50
Авторы:
Алисевич М.В. — Государственная корпорация развития
«ВЭБ.РФ», Международный Блок;
Цветкова А.В. — ст. преподаватель Департамента
языковой подготовки Финансового университета при Правительстве РФ
Алисевич, Марина Валерьевна.
А50 Reading Comprehension in Law : учебник для СПО / М.В. Алисевич,
А.В. Цветкова ; под редакцией М.В. Алисевич. — 2-е изд. — Москва : Ай Пи
Ар Медиа ; Саратов : Профобразование, 2024. — 174 с. — (Среднее
профессиональное образование). — Текст : электронный.
ISBN 978-5-4497-3239-2 (Ай Пи Ар Медиа)
ISBN 978-5-4488-2125-7 (Профобразование)
Цель настоящего учебника — помочь учащимся использовать полученные знания в
практической деятельности, развивать навыки чтения и перевода иностранных текстов
профессиональной направленности, уметь общаться на профессиональные темы,
понимать и составлять юридические документы на иностранном языке, знать основную
терминологию. Закрепить все знания, полученные в ходе изучения курса, помогут
профессионально ориентированные задания. Все тексты взяты из аутентичных
источников, а задания специально разработаны и адаптированы для настоящего курса.
Подготовлен с учетом требований Федерального государственного
образовательного стандарта среднего профессионального образования.
Предназначен для студентов, обучающихся по специальности «Право и
организация социального обеспечения» и изучающих дисциплину «Иностранный язык
(английский)».
Учебное электронное издание
ISBN 978-5-4497-3239-2 (Ай Пи Ар Медиа) © Алисевич М.В., Цветкова А.В., 2021
ISBN 978-5-4488-2125-7 (Профобразование) © ООО Компания «Ай Пи Ар Медиа», 2024
© ООО «Профобразование», 2024
Учебное издание
Алисевич Марина Валерьевна
Цветкова Анна Валерьевна
Редактор М.В. Половникова
Технический редактор, компьютерная верстка Е.В. Якубович
Корректор А.С. Полева
Обложка С.С. Сизиумовой
Подписано к использованию 05.07.2024. Объем данных 6 Мб.
ООО «Профобразование»
8-800-511-14-70 (бесплатный звонок по России)
E-mail: office@profspo.ru, sale@profobr.pro
4
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
ВВЕДЕНИЕ ................................................................................................................................. 5
UNIT 1. CIVIL LITIGATION ................................................................................................... 6
UNIT 2. CIVIL LITIGATION LAWYER .............................................................................. 21
UNIT 3. WHAT IS CROSS - EXAMINATION? ................................................................... 62
UNIT 4. CASE BACKGROUND ............................................................................................. 90
UNIT 5. EMPLOYMENT LAW .............................................................................................. 99
UNIT 6. CONTRACT LAW .................................................................................................. 113
UNIT 7. SALE CONTRACTS ............................................................................................... 137
UNIT 8. CONTRACT STRUCTURE ................................................................................... 157
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................ 174
5
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Учебник предназначен для студентов юридической специальности СПО,
а также всех заинтересованных в изучении английского языка в юридической
сфере. Данный учебник построен на использовании современных аутентичных
иностранных юридических текстов. Юридическая лексика вводится тематически,
по разделам, и закрепляется в различных видах упражнений, находящих свое
применение в таких речевых видах работы: монолог, диалог, дискуссия. Авторами
выбраны темы, которые представляются как наиболее полезные и интересные для
достижения цели освоения студентами юридической лексики.
Учебник ставит своей целью не только сформировать основные
компетенции, необходимые для овладения английским языком, но и позволяет
закрепить и углубить знания по темам, которые студенты изучают на родном
языке.
6
UNIT 1. CIVIL LITIGATION
Vocabulary review
Legal Proceedings:
stand trial — to go into court and have a judge or jury decide if you are guilty
or innocent.
The police caught the suspect, and he will stand trial tomorrow.
case — a single trial; a situation that is decided in court.
Prosecutors often work on several cases at the same time.
accuse* (v.) — to suggest that a particular person is guilty.
The prosecutor accused the defendant of stealing the victim’s car.
charge (n.) — the official crime that a suspect is accused of.
charge (v.) — to officially accuse a person of committing a crime.
The prosecutor officially charged the suspect with murder yesterday.
The suspect is disputing the charges and arguing that he is innocent.
indict (v.) — similar to “charge”, but sounds slightly more formal.
The suspect was officially indicted after he was arrested last week.
dispute (v.) — to fight a charge; to argue something (a price, decision, etc.).
The suspect has promised to dispute the charges in court.
allege* (v.) — to claim that someone did something wrong (although there may
be no proof).
The prosecutors allege that the suspect shot the criminal with a stolen gun.
The alleged* murderer will stand trial tomorrow.
civil law — laws that deal with private matters or disagreements.
criminal law — laws about official crimes and their punishments.
With civil law, the defendant might have to pay a fine, but with criminal law, the
defendant may face much more serious punishment, such as jail time.
sue (v.) — in civil law: to bring someone to court because you have a
disagreement with them.
My neighbor is suing me because my dog bit her son.
justice (n.) — the determination of right/wrong and suitable punishment in
society; fairness.
The legal system is often called the justice system.
7
The victim’s parents are seeking justice for their daughter’s murder.
juvenile (n. or adj.) — for legal purposes, a person who is under 18 years old;
a minor.
Because he is a juvenile, the suspect will stand trial in juvenile court.
*Usage note: You say “accuse someone of committing a crime”, and “allege that
someone committed a crime”.
**Journalists often use this word to describe someone who has not been found
guilty yet.
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the following words: stand trial, case, accuse, charge,
dispute, allege, sue, justice, juvenile, civil law.
1. John ____________ me of stealing his pen, but I swear that I didn’t do it!
2. The witness ____________ that he saw the defendant hit the victim on the night
of the murder.
3. The car that you sold me is older than you said it was! I’m going to
__________ you!
4. Prosecutors are seeking __________ in the murder of the 21-year old victim.
5. This is a very difficult __________ for the prosecutors to win, because there is
very little evidence and no witnesses.
6. If you break a ____________, someone might sue you, and you might have to
pay a fine.
7. The defendant is accused of breaking into a house and stealing a computer.
Because he is only 17 years old, he is considered a __________, so he cannot be sent to
prison for this crime.
8. If the judge decides that there is enough evidence, the suspect will have to
____________ and let a jury decide whether he is guilty or innocent.
9. Prosecutors __________ the suspect with murder after the police found a gun in
his house.
10. The defendant decided not to __________ the charges because there was too
much evidence. He admitted he was guilty, and the prosecutors agreed to a shorter
prison sentence.
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Exercise 2
How many words referring to civil procedure do you know? Make up your
own mind map:
1. Documents for courts.
2. Stages of civil proceedings.
3. Participants of civil proceedings.
4. Actions of participants in civil proceedings.
Reading 1
Read an overview of civil proceedings in England and Wales, paying
attention to the words in bold, answer the questions below the text.
Unlike in other jurisdictions, there is no single codified source of civil law.
English civil law is made up of legislation by Parliament and decisions by the courts.
English courts interpret legislation and are usually required to follow decisions on the
same issue made by a court of equivalent or higher status. Legislation and decisions of
the courts are subject to legislation adopted by the European Council and decisions of
the European Court of Justice.
The Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) were introduced in 1998 to govern the procedure
that is followed within the English civil court system. The CPR requires that all cases are
dealt with in a way that enables the court to deal with cases justly. This includes: ensuring
parties are on an equal footing; dealing with the case in ways which are proportionate to
the amount of money involved, the importance of the case, the complexity of the issues and
the financial position of each party; ensuring that the case is dealt with expeditiously and
fairly. This is known as the "overriding objective" of the CPR.
A typical claim dealt with by the High Court will take approximately 12–18
months to get to trial from the date of issue of the claim form. Pre-action matters: before
proceedings are issued, parties are required to act reasonably in exchanging information
and documents in an attempt to settle their dispute without recourse to litigation.
Sanctions may be imposed against parties, who fail to comply with these requirements,
for example, a party may be ordered to pay costs to the other party for failing to act
reasonably. In addition there are a number of 'pre-action protocols' — these set out the
procedure to be followed in certain categories of dispute, such as construction or
professional negligence.
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Issuing proceedings and court documents: proceedings begin when the
claimant issues a claim form that must contain or be accompanied by the particulars of
claim. The claim form and particulars of claim must set out a summary of the basic facts
of the claim against the defendant. Failing to do this may allow the defendant to strike
out the claim. The claimant will have to pay a fee to issue the claim form, the amount
of which depends on the value and nature of the claim. The documents have to be
served on the defendant in accordance with special rules and within prescribed
timeframes.
When the defendant is served with court proceedings, he has to indicate whether
he accepts or intends to defend the claim. Again, this must be done within prescribed
time limits and the court must be notified. If the defendant wishes to defend the claim
he must serve a defense, including any counterclaim, normally within 28 days of
receiving the claim form. This defense is also an important document because if it is
regarded as weak, the claimant can seek to strike it out or seek summary judgment
against the defendant. A failure to serve a defense will allow the claimant to win the
case by default.
Further court documents may be served and filed at court in order to clarify each
party's position. All court documents will be accompanied by a statement of truth
verifying the truth of the information contained in the document. All cases are actively
managed by the courts to ensure that they proceed properly through case management.
The courts will consider whether the likely benefits of taking a particular step will
justify the cost. Case management also allows the court to try to encourage the parties to
settle their disputes without the need for trial, through alternative dispute resolution
procedures (ADR) such as mediation.
Disclosure of documents: a party must disclose to the other party the
documents (including electronic documents, for example, e mails) it seeks to rely on, as
well as the documents which adversely affect its own or another party's case or support
another party's case. This may include confidential documents if they are relevant to
the dispute. Certain documents may be exempt from disclosure on the grounds of
'legal professional privilege”.
Trial: with the exception of civil fraud and defamation cases there is no right to
trial by jury — the trial will be determined by the judge alone. English trials are
predominantly oral, requiring each party's counsel to make oral submissions and draw
the judge's attention to the relevant evidence and law. However, before the start of the
10
trial, the judge will generally have read the court documents, witness statements,
experts' reports and skeleton arguments drafted by counsel. The judge does not make
his own investigations, but he may put questions to counsel or witnesses.
Judgment may be given immediately after the trial or, in more complicated cases,
reserved until a later date when the judge has reflected on the issues. If a party seeks to
appeal the judgment it must obtain the permission of the court. Although it is at the
discretion of the court, the general rule is that the unsuccessful party will be ordered to
pay the costs of the successful party. Any breach of the CPR or the overriding
objective may result in a costs sanction being imposed on the "offending" party even
if that party is successful at trial overall. Generally, in the absence of unreasonable
conduct, the successful party can expect to recover approximately 60–65 % of its legal
costs from the losing party.
Exercise 3
Answer the questions to Reading 1:
1. How does English civil law differ from civil law of other jurisdictions?
2. How are civil proceedings governed in England?
3. What is the main requirement for conducting civil proceedings?
4. What must a claim form and particulars of claim contain?
5. Why may sanctions be imposed during a pre-trial stage?
6. Why is defense considered to be one of the most important documents?
7. What documents have to be filed for initiating a civil proceedings?
8. What is the most vital stage in civil proceedings?
9. What is the distinguishing feature of English trials?
10. What are the differences between English and American trials?
11. What is the role of each party’s counsel during the trial?
12. When is trial by jury applicable in England?
13. Who are responsible for paying legal costs?
Language work
Exercise 4
Define the following terms from the text:
1. Case management.
2. Statement of truth.
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