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Файл:Meet The Famous Composers. Part 1. Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку
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Muzio Clementi
4. Complete the table.
Innitive present Past Simple Participle II
1. to catch caught caught
2. made
3. taken
4. to hear
5. sang
6. held
7. to spend
8. read
9. to nd
10. become
5. Unscramble the following words.
1. mekararleb
2. itsgorna
3. hcuhcr
4. betud
5. ruignot
6. nasitip
7. tomenocitip
8. hitgs-dare
9. telago
10. nietuhecq
6. Check your comprehension by lling in the blanks with suitable words or word
combinations.
1. Muzio Clementi had musical training as aboy, and his musical talents were _______ .
A. ordinary B. bad C. remarkable D. inuential
2. Clementi’s playing __________ an English traveler, Peter Beckford, nephew of the
Lord Mayor of London.
A. caught the attention of B. frightened C. displeased D. pleased
3. In 1770 Clementi made asensational London debut as __________ .
A. builder B. chef C. nurse D. pianist and composer
4. In Vienna in December 1781, Clementi took part in afamous piano competition
against ________ .
A.Paisiello B. Mozart C. Beethoven D. Handel
5. Amastery of the __________ later made him famous.
A. painting B. composing
C. legato and singing style D. counterpoint
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MEET THE FAMOUS COMPOSERS
6. More than his 100 piano sonatas and many sonatinas have become apart of almost
__________ .
A. every student’s repertoire B. every student’s compositions
C. every student’s work D. every student’s essay
7. He established arm __________ .
A. to copy music B. to help poor musicians
C. to publish music and manufacture pianos. D. to cook meals
7. Choose the correct form.
1. Beckford persuaded Clementi’s father that Muzio should __________ in England.
A. to study B. studying C. study D. be studied
2. Clementi lived __________ in London.
A. main B. mainly C. mostly mainly D. most main
3. Clementi was very __________ with Mozart.
A. impressing B. impressive C. impressless D. impressed
4. His Introduction to the Art of Playing on the Piano Forte, Op. 40, __________ by
Ludwig van Beethoven.
A. used B. was used C. was using D. had used
5. _________ his students were John Field and Johann Cramer.
A. Among Between C. Within D. rougout
6. Clementi successfully negotiated with Beethoven __________ the publisher of
Beethoven’s music.
A. be B. being C. having been D. to be
7. His studies and performance did __________ to help in the transition from the
harpsichord to the piano.
A. many b. alittle C. much D. afew
8. Complete the sentences with necessary prepositions.
1. ____ the age _____ 12, Clementi composed his rst oratorio.
2. Clementi and his father arrived _____ England, and Clementi spent seven years
_____ Beckford’s country estate _____ _____ London studying and practicing the
harpsichord.
3. Clementi lived mainly _____ London, although he spent several years touring _____
the European continent _____ aconcert pianist.
4. _____ Vienna _____ December 1781, Clementi took part _____ a famous piano
competition _____ Mozart.
5. e contest was arranged _____ Emperor Joseph II, _____ the brother _____ Marie
Antoinette.
42
Muzio Clementi
6. It is dicult to overestimate the inuence that Clementi has had _____ the area
_____ studies and compositions _____ teaching piano.
7. Clementi composed _____ 100 piano sonatas and many sonatinas that have become
apart _____ almost every student’s _____ repertoire.
8. _____ his students were John Field and Johann Cramer.
9. He was aprosperous businessman who toured _____ countries to promote his ne
pianos, and he even successfully negotiated _____ Beethoven to be the publisher _____
Beethoven’s music.
10. When Clementi died _____ 80 years _____ age, he was honored _____ afuneral
and burial _____ Westminster Abbey _____ London.
9. Complete the sentences.
1. Clementi’s musical talents were so remarkable that _________________________ .
2. Clementi’s playing caught the attention of ______________________________ .
3. In 1770 Clementi made ______________________________________________ .
4. In Vienna in December 1781, Clementi __________________________________ .
5. Clementi was very impressed ________________________________________ .
6. Clementi had developed ____________________________________________ .
7. Clementi inuenced _______________________________________________ .
8. Beethoven recommended ___________________________________________ .
9. Clementi’s students _________________________________________________ .
10. Muzio Clementi did ________________________________________________ .
10. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. В1766 году Питер Бекфорд пригласил 14-летнего пианиста вАнглию.
2. Сначала 1780-х Клементи много гастролировал вЕвропе как пианист-виртуоз
сисполнением собственных фортепианных сочинений.
3. В1781 году посетил Вену, где вприсутствии императора Иосифа II состязался
сМоцартом.
4. Клементи занимался икоммерческой деятельностью: был основателем исовладельцем фабрик музыкальных инструментов имузыкально-издательских предприятий, вкоторых издавал сочинения современных ему композиторов, втом
числе Бетховена.
5. Наиболее значительный вклад композитор внес вразвитие фортепианного
искусства; современники называли его «отцом фортепианной музыки».
43
MEET THE FAMOUS COMPOSERS
6. Муцио Клементи основывает вЛондоне филармоническое общество идири-
жирует симфоническими оркестрами, вносит большой вклад вразвитие фортепианного искусства.
7. Муцио Клементи умер вЛондоне в1832 году, оставив после себя большое со-
стояние.
11. Retell the story:
a) in the name of an English traveler, Peter Beckford
b) in the name of Mozart
12. Make up adialogue:
a) Between M. Clementi and Mozart (Beethoven, a modern orchestra player,
etc.).
b) You have played M.Clementi’s works and is to explain to your fellow-student the
performance features.
13. Imagine what if …
a) Clementi’s works had not been admired by Beethoven?
b) Clementi had not been aprosperous businessman
c) … (make your own assumption)
*For intermediate level students and above: see Supplementary Texts 1, 2
SUPPLEMENTARY TEXTS
Text 1
MUZIO CLEMENTI: BIOGRAPHY
Muzio Clementi was lauded as the rst
virtuoso of the pianoforte, inuenced several of
the 19th century’s greatest performers, and was
praised as acomposer by none other than Ludwig
van Beethoven. Born in Rome, Italy on January
24, 1752, the eldest of seven children, Clementi’s
musical talents were recognized early. His father,
a silversmith, encouraged Clementi to study
music and arranged for his son to study with
arelative, Antonio Baroni, maestro di capella at St. Peter’s Basilica. In 1766, Sir Peter
Beckford, awealthy Englishman, visited Rome and was impressed with Clementi’s
talent. Beckford arranged with Clementi’s father to take the young musician back
with him to England and to provide for his musical education until he was 21. Once
44
Muzio Clementi
in England, Clementi provided musical entertainment in return for Beckford’s
patronage and spent the next seven years at the Englishman’s estate.
In 1774 and no longer bound to Beckford’s service, Clementi le for London,
which would become his base of operations for much of his life. His reputation
and frame, both as aperformer and composer, grew over the subsequent years. In
1780, he began athree year tour of the European continent. It was during this tour,
when he visited Vienna that he engaged in afamous contest with Mozart for the
entertainment of Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II in which both composers were
required to improvise and perform selections from their own compositions. Joseph II
declared a tie. Following the contest, Mozart was unimpressed with Clementi’s
playing, stating to his father that it was devoid of «taste or feeling,» however his
attitude toward Clementi changed over time. On the other hand, Clementi praised
Mozart’s performance.
Returning to England in 1783, Clementi focused on performing, conducting and
teaching. Several of his students went on to be prominent musical gures in the
19th century and included, Johann Baptist Cramer, Ignaz Moscheles, Ludwig Berger
(who later taught Felix Mendelssohn) and John Field. In 1790, Clementi gave up
his performing career and turned his focus more upon composing. Later in 1798,
he established himself as amusic publisher. As apublisher, he was instrumental
in bringing Beethoven’s music to the British public, having struck a deal with
him to have full publishing rights to all of his music in England. Clementi also
began manufacturing pianos and his skill as an inventor and mechanic resulted in
innovations that have become standard on modern instruments. In 1813, Clementi
along with other prominent musicians in England founded the Philharmonic Society
of London, which in 1912 became the Royal Philharmonic Society.
ough he remained primarily in London, Clementi traveled to the European
continent in 1816 to promote his new works, and again in 1826 to oversee the
simultaneous publication of his famous Gradus ad Parnassum in Paris, London and
Leipzig. In 1830, he moved outside Licheld, Staordshire and on March 10, 1832
passed away aer ashort illness.
Clementi was regarded as one of the foremost virtuosos of his day and credited
with being the rst to compose works taking advantage of the capabilities of the
pianoforte. His compositions were highly praised, particularly by Beethoven, who
considered them the nest examples of writing for the piano. Carl Czerny (1791–
1857), a student of Beethoven, also had the highest regard for Clementi’s piano
sonatas and used them successfully in his teaching of Franz Liszt. Czerny referred
to Clementi as «the foremost pianist of his time».
ough his reputation hinges mostly on the pedagogic uses of his piano music,
in recent years his other works, including symphonies, have begun to receive amore
favorable reputation.
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MEET THE FAMOUS COMPOSERS
Text 2
MUZIO CLEMENTI
Born: 24-Jan-1752
Birthplace: Rome, Italy
Died: 10-Mar-1832
Cause of death: unspecied
Remains: Buried, Westminster Abbey, London, England
Gender: Male
Religion: Roman Catholic
Race or Ethnicity: White
Sexual orientation: Straight
Occupation: Composer
Nationality: Italy
Father: Nicolò Clementi (silversmith)
Mother: Magdalena Kaiser
Wife: (married three times)
Italian pianist and composer, considered by some the «father of the
piano», was born in Rome between 1750 and 1752. His father, ajeweller, encouraged
his son’s early musical talent. Buroni and Cordicelli were his rst masters, and at the age
of nine Clementi’s theoretical and practical studies had advanced to such adegree that
he was able to win the position of organist at achurch. He continued his studies under
Santarelli and Carpani, and at the age of fourteen wrote amass which was performed in
public. About 1766 Beckford, the author of Vathek, persuaded Clementi to follow him
to England, where the young composer lived in retirement at one of the country seats of
his protector in Dorsetshire until 1770. In that year he rst appeared in London, where
his success both as composer and pianist was rapid and brilliant.
In 1777 he was for some time employed as conductor of the Italian opera, but he soon
aerwards le London for Paris. Here also his concerts were crowded by enthusiastic
audiences, and the same success accompanied Clementi on atour about the year 1780
to southern Germany and Austria.
At Vienna, which he visited between 1781 and 1782, he was received with high
honor by the emperor Joseph II, in whose presence he met Mozart, and fought akind
of musical duel with him. His technical skill proved to be equal if not superior to that
of his rival, who on the other hand innitely surpassed him by the passionate beauty of
his interpretation. It is worth noting that one of the nest of Clementi’s sonatas, that in
Bat, shows an exactly identical opening theme with Mozart’s overture to the Flauto
Magico.
In May 1782 Clementi returned to London, where for the next twelve years he
continued his lucrative occupations of fashionable teacher and performer at the
concerts of the aristocracy. He took shares in the pianoforte business of arm which
went bankrupt in 1800. He then established apianoforte and music business of his own;
46
Muzio Clementi
under the name of Clementi & Co. Other members were added to the rm, including
Collard and Davis, and the rm was ultimately taken over by Messrs. Collard alone.
Among his pupils on the pianoforte during this period may be mentioned John Field,
the composer of the celebrated Nocturnes. In his company Clementi paid, in 1804,
avisit to Paris, Vienna, St. Petersburg, Berlin and other cities. While he was in Berlin,
Giacomo Meyerbeer became one of his pupils. He also revisited his own country aer
an absence of more than thirty years.
In 1810 Clementi returned to London, but refused to play again in public, devoting
the remainder of his life to composition. Several symphonies belong to this time, and
were played with much success at contemporary concerts, but none of them seem to
have been published. His intellectual and musical faculties remained unimpaired until
his death, on the 9th of March 1832, at Evesham, Worcester.
Of Clementi’s playing in his youth, Moscheles wrote that it was «marked by amost
beautiful legato, a supple touch in lively passages, and amost unfailing technique».
Mozart may be said to have closed the old and Clementi to have founded the newer
school of technique on the piano. Among Clementi’s compositions the most remarkable
are sixty sonatas for pianoforte, and the great collection of Etudes called Gradus ad
Parnassum.
UNIT 6
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in the beautiful town of
Salzburg, Austria, in 1756. He was four years old when he
began studying keyboard with his father, Leopold, arespected
court musician. His father, his only teacher, also taught him
mathematics, Latin and German. Wolfgang’s older sister,
Nannerl, was also amusician, and they oen enjoyed playing
duets.
Mozart was six when his father took him to Vienna where
he played for the Austrian emperor and was introduced to
the public as achild prodigy. He dazzled court patrons with his
ability to improvise in many styles and sight-read as well as any adult.
During this time he taught himself to play the violin and the organ.
e next year Leopold took his family to Paris where Mozart’s
rst compositions were published. When he was eight, he
visited London and played for King George III and Queen
Charlotte. While in London, he met Johann Christian Bach,
J. S. Bach’s youngest son, who had a great inuence on
Mozart’s rst symphonies. Mozart composed many keyboard
pieces and sonatas for violin and keyboard.
While visiting Rome in 1770, Mozart heard the choir
in the Sistine Chapel singing the famous Miserere of Gregoris
Allegri. Aer returning home, he wrote down the entire work from
memory. Because of this amazing accomplishment, the Pope made the 14-year-old
Mozart aKnight of the Golden Spur. While in Paris in 1778, he composed aset of
variations for piano on the folk tune known today as «Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star».
Mozart traveled agreat deal and by the time he was 25, he had visited most of the great
European cities.
In 1782, when he was 26, Mozart married Constanze Weber, the cousin of the
composer Carl Maria von Weber. ough they were very poor, these years spent with
48
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Constanze were important. It was during the time that he composed three of his greatest
operas, Don Giovanni, e Marriage of Figaro and e Magic Flute. Unlike any other
composer in music history, Mozart wrote in every medium of musical composition of
his day and excelled in every one!
Mozart’s travels took him to London where he met Franz Joseph Haydn. ey
became friends and even played in astring quartet together. Mozart honored Haydn by
composing six string quartets and dedicating them to him in 1785.
Mozart’s last years were lled with nancial diculties and health problems. His
nal work, the Requiem, was not completed when he died in Vienna in 1791. Penniless
and in debt, he was buried in acommon grave, the exact location of which is unknown.
1. Read and translate the text using adictionary if necessary.
2. Match the following Russian words and phrases with the English equivalents.
1. уважаемый придворный музыкант a. to dazzle
2. читать слиста b. to write the entire work from memory
3. император c. aKnight of the Golden Spur
4. быть представленным публике d. poor
5. необыкновенно одаренный ребенок e. to honour somebody
6. поразить f. arespected court musician
7. способность импровизировать g. to dedicate one’s composition to somebody
8. записать все произведение h. to sight-read
9. играть по памяти дуэтом i. to be buried
10. восхитительное исполнение j. to be introduced to the public
11. рыцарь ордена «Золотой шпоры» k. acousin
12. много путешествовать l. to excel
13. двоюродная сестра m. to play aduet
14. бедный n. achild prodigy
15. превосходить o. acommon grave
16. чтить кого-либо p. an ability to improvise
17. посвятить свои произведения кому-то q. penniless and in debt
18. без гроша ивдолгах r. to travel agreat deal
19. быть похороненным s. an amazing accomplishment
20. общая могила t. an emperor
3. Give synonyms and antonyms.
Words and word combinations Synonyms Antonyms
1. beautiful
2. respected
3. adult
4. memory
5. amazing
6. to tune
7. poor
8. to travel
9. diculty
10. complete
49
MEET THE FAMOUS COMPOSERS
4. Complete the table.
Innitive present Past Simple Participle II
1. to take took taken
2. sight-read
3. heard
4. to write
5. made
6. set
7. to know
8. won
9. met
10. to forgive
5. Unscramble the following words.
1. hateerc
2. tude
3. rydopig
4. bylatii
5. meropisiv
6. mosynyhp
7. kolf nute
8. rsnitg ratuteq
9. cidedaet
10. muqieer
6. Check your comprehension by lling in the blanks with suitable words or word
combinations.
1. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was taught by __________ .
A. his older sister, Nannerl B. his mother
C. the Austrian Emperor D. his father
2. Mozart enjoyed playing duets with __________ .
A. his friends B. his teachers C. his sister D. his father
3. Mozart was introduced to the Austrian emperor and to the public __________ .
A. as achild prodigy B. as apianist
C. as acourt musician D. as anaughty boy
4. While in London, Mozart met __________ .
A. George Handel B. Constanze Weber
C. the Austrian emperor D. J.S.Bach’s youngest son
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