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Файл:A General Course of Physics. Mechanics. Textbook
.pdf
131
Physical Quantities
Numerical Values
Gravitational constant
G = 6,67259(85)10
–11 m3
kg
–1
c–2
Standard gravitational acceleration
(acceleration of free fall)
g = 9,80665 м
с
–2
Multipliers
Prefixes
Symbols
Multipliers
Prefixes
Symbols
10
18
1015
1012
109
106
103
102
101
exa
peta
tera
giga
mega
kilo
hecto
deca
E
P
Т
G
М
k
h
da
10–1
10–2
10–3
10–6
10–9
10
–12
10
–15
10
–18
deci
centi
milli
micro
nano
pico
femto
atto
d
с
m
µ
n
p
f
a
Physical Quantities
Numerical Values
The Earth’s mean radius
6,37106 m
The Earth’s mean density
5500 k/m3
The Earth’s mass
5,961024 k
The mean radius of the Sun
6,95108 m
The Sun’s mass
1,971030 k
The mean radius of the Moon
1,74106 m
The Moon’s mass
7,31022 k
The mean distance between the Moon and the Earth (center
to center)
3,84108 m
The mean distance between the Sun and the Earth (center
to center)
1,51011 m
The Moon’s orbital period around the Earth
27 days 7 h 43 min
The Sun’s mean density
1400 k/m3
2. Multipliers, prefixes for decimal multiple units formation
1. Physical constants
Appendix
3. Astronomical Quantities
132
Acceleration, 5, 87, 118
angular, 12
free fall, 77
normal, 8, 12
tangential, 7, 11
Amplitude, 101
oscillations, 90, 93
resonance, 101
Angle, 4, 9, 10, 11
Angular, 9, 51, 69, 84
momentum, 62
velocity, 62, 63, 64, 66
Axis, 10, 27, 31, 53, 60, 77
rotation, 10, 28
symmetry, 29
Beats, 92
Body, 4
center of mass, 25
equation of motion, 97
equilibrium, 100
homogeneous, 52
moment of inertia, 54, 64, 86
ideal fluid, 105
viscous fluid, 98
perfectly rigid, 48
kinetic energy, 38
principal axes of inertia,
53
rotation, 27
Center, 25
of gravity, 25
of inertia, 82
of mass, 23
Coefficient, 97
attenuation, 97
forced, 97
resistance, 95
Collision, 42
central, 42
perfectly elastic, 44
Density, 56
Derivative, 87
Differentia, 97
Displacement, 7
Dynamics, 17, 59
relativistic, 127
Effect, 17, 59, 66
Energy, 87
harmonic oscillation, 82
rotating body, 10
mechanical, 17
potential, 36
total, 49
Equation, 109, 128
Bernoulli, 110
relativistic dynamics, 129
Equilibrium, 100
Field
potential, 36
stationary, 58
gravitational, 38, 77
velocity vector, 11, 109
Figures, Lissajous, 93
Flow, 110
continuity, 110
fluid, 109
Force, 18, 27, 39, 41, 42, 61, 73
Coriolis, 72
elastic, 38
external, 60
friction, 104
internal, 26
gravity, 75
inertia, 18
centrifugal, 73
conservative, 40
non-conservative, 41
quasi-elastic, 82
resistance, 99
Frequency, 11, 72, 84
angular, 83
SUBJECT INDEX
133
Friction, 112
viscous, 98
Gyrocompass, 66
Gyrodynamics, 50
of a rigid body, 59
Gyroscope, 66
Hertz (Hz), 12
Hydrostatics, 105
Hydrodynamics, 105
Impulse, 19
Inertia, 26
Intensity, 107
Joule, 33
Kilogram, 14
Kinematics, 4
Kinetics, 40
Law, 64, 74, 108
angular momentum
conservation, 63, 64, 66
hydrodynamics, 106
Kepler’s, 75
momentum conservation, 43
Newton’s first, 16
Newton’s second, 19
Newton’s third, 20
Pascal’s, 104
universal gravitation, 75
velocity addition, 118, 119,
126, 127
Length, 124, 127
frames, 124, 126
Liquid, 106
fluids density, 108
flow, 111
ideal, 109
volume, 106, 109
Mass, 22, 24, 26
Earth’s, 77
terminal, 24
variable, 21
Mechanics, 4
classical, 4, 16. 116
fluids, 106
Newtonian, 118, 126, 118
relativistic, 16
Moment
force, 54, 55
gravity, 35, 39
of inertia, 50
centrifugal, 75
Momentum, 19, 20
Motion
angular, 10
circular, 9
curvilinear, 8
reactive, 22
rotation, 10
uniform, 5
finite, 9
infinite, 17
mechanical, 11
non-inertial reference
frame, 68
translational, 16
Newton, 8, 16, 19
Oscillation, 88, 90, 94
amplitude, 89
damped, 92
forced, 98
Fourier, 93
free, 101
harmonic, 83
mutually perpendicular, 103
natural, 89
periodic, 83
phase, 84, 88, 94
polarized, 95, 96
sinusoidal, 84
Particle, 5
acceleration, 88
134
angular momentum, 19
conservation, 19, 21
displacement, 40
energy, 29
equation of motion, 95
point, 4
potential energy, 34
trajectory, 3
angular, 60
with zero rest mass, 126
Pendulum, 70, 82, 84
Foucault, 70
mathematical, 82
physical, 82
simple, 84
Period, 96
oscillations, 97
revolution, 77
Phase, 101
equilibrium, 101
Physics, 101
Pressure, 110
hydrostatic, 104
Principle, 104, 114, 116
Archimedes', 105
Einstein’s relativity, 116
Galileo’s relativity, 114
Pump, water-jet, 109
Reference frame, 41
inertial, 66
non-inertial, 65
Resistance, 97
Resonance, 97
Rotation, 9
axis, 10
instantaneous, 4
Rule 61
right-hand screw, 61
Space, 4, 21, 32, 48, 59, 76, 91, 104
Speed, 5, 134
Sphere, 26
State, 16, 34, 75
Stress, 69
System, 10
angular momentum, 25
momentum, 23
coordinate, 3
isolated, 21, 25
unclosed, 19
Tension, 48
Time
proper, 123
relaxation, 96
Trajectory, particle, 3
Transformations, 114, 119
Galilean, 114
Lorentz, 119
Tube, 107
Unit, 4, 16, 30, 70, 82
Vector, 5
acceleration, 6
amplitude, 87
derivative, 85
magnitude, 5
polar, 74
projection, 33
velocity, 4
Velocity, 85
addition, 124
angular, 8
cosmic, 76
escape, 76
first cosmic, 76
orbital, 129
second cosmic, 77
tangential, 77
third cosmic, 80
Viscosity, 106
Volume, 48, 50, 51
Weight, 76
Weightlessness, 76
Work, 30
centrifugal force of inertia, 71
conservative forces, 40
non-conservative forces, 33
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Санкт-Петербургскому горному университету
Учебное электронное издание
МУСТАФАЕВ А.С., ФИЛЯСОВА Ю.А.
A General Course of Physics
MECHANICS
Textbook
Публикуется в авторской редакции
Оригинал-макет выполнен авторами
Лицензия ИД № 06517 от 09.01.2002
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Подписано в свет 11.05.2017. Тираж 50 экз. Заказ 412
Санкт-Петербургский горный университет
РИЦ Санкт-Петербургского горного университета
Адрес университета и РИЦ: 199106 Санкт-Петербург, 21-я линия, 2
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