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Файл:M&Ms. Movies and Maths. Учебно-методическое пособие
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Unit 3
Einstein and Eddington
[from https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/hollywood/einstein-and-eddington-science-and-the-human-minefield/cid/1746652]
Lead-in
A. What do you know about Albert Einstein? Arthur Eddington? The connection
between Arthur Eddington and Albert Einstein?
B. What does the theory of relativity state? Was it, in your view, a major breakthrough
for science in general?
Viewing
A. Watch the first scene and take note of Eddington’s impromptu experiment. What is
this experiment about? What does it suggest?
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B. Watch the scene again and fill in the gaps.
Dyson: What are you reading? You 1)_________ _________ .
Eddington: Come to supper.
Eddington’ sister: For what we are about to receive, may the Lord 2) _________
_________ _________ _________ .
Eddington: Amen.
Eddington’ sister: Amen.
Eddington: It’s called general relativity. It’s a 3) _________ _________ _________
. And…everything. He has done it. Let me just…Sorry. Let me just show you.
Eddington’ sister: What … are you doing? Have you gone mad?
Eddington: Dyson, 4) _________ _________ _________ . Pick it up. Pick up
the table cloth. Space. The table cloth is space. The sun. What’s happening?
Eddington’ sister: What?
Eddington: What’s happening with the sun and space?
Eddington’ sister: The bread 5) _________ _________ _________ _________
_________ _________ .
Dyson: The sun 6) _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
in space.
Eddington: Yes! Now what happens if I do this? It wants 7) _________ _________
_________ _________ _________ _________ but it can’t. Why not?
Eddington’ sister: Because the 8) _________ _________ _________ _________ .
Dyson: The apple 9) _________ _________ _________ made in space.
Eddington: Yes. Yes. 10) _________ _________ _________ . And that is how
gravity works. Space tells objects how to move. Objects tell 11) _________
_________ _________ _________ _________ . And there’s a way to prove it. When
12) _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ , what
will happen to it?
Eddington’ sister: 13) _________ _________ _________ .
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Eddington: Yes. That’s what he says. That’s what Einstein says. Starlight will bend.
Every theory needs proof. And 14) _________ _________ _________ _________
_________ _________ _________ .
Dyson: The English observer and the German theorist.
Eddington:15) _________ _________ _________ .
Dyson: We 16) _________ _________ _________ , Eddington. Germany is our
enemy.
Eddington: I love my country 17) _________ _________ . But my country is my
country, and this… This is so much more. 18) _________ _________ _________
_________ ?
C. In pairs, answer the following questions.
1) Why is Eddington so excited?
2) What does the experiment show?
3) What is Dyson’s attitude to Eddington’s ideas?
4) What does Eddington mean by saying “But my country is my country, and this…
This is so much more”?
D. Watch another scene from the movie that tells us about the results of Eddington’s
experiment. While watching, put the following vocabulary units in the order of their
appearance in the scene.
complexity of the new universe
to conceive of such views
has shifted the star’s position
the theory holds
human endeavour
E. In pairs, answer the following questions.
1) What are the experimental results that have been obtained?
2) Can the results of the experiment be considered an important discovery for the whole
world? Why?
3) What was Newton’s theory? Why was it important for some people that Newton’s
theory should hold? Who is the man that left the meeting, in your opinion?
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F. Reductions. Listen to the following utterances again. Is there a difference between
the way they are written and pronounced?
1. For what we are about to receive may the Lord make us truly thankful.
2. He has done it.
3. Let me just show you.
4.What is happening with the sun and space?
G. Match the utterances from exercise F and the following peculiarities of
pronunciation.
1) dropping plosive sounds, for instance [t], [d], at the end of a word
2) dropping initial [h]
3) the merger of two words because of [r] in the previous word and the vowel that starts
the following word, for instance thank you for everything
H. Listen again to the utterances in F. Repeat them after the speaker in the scene.
Speaking
A. Make up two statements, true or false, based on the ideas mentioned in the second
scene from the movie. Read the script below.
B. Read your statements to the other groups. The other groups are to decide if they are
true or false, providing some arguments. In turn, be ready to provide arguments why
you think the statement under consideration is true/ false. Check the example below.
Example:
Student’s statement: The experiment has demonstrated that the sun’s gravitational field
has shifted the stars’ position.
Answer: The statement is true since there was a gap between the two images in
question, so the sun’s gravitational field has shifted the stars’ position.
Script
Dyson: If the stars on this photographic plate of the eclipse overlap with
the comparison plate, Einstein is wrong and Newton's theory holds. If there is a gap
between the two images, then the sun's gravitational field has shifted the stars' position
and we have a new theory of gravity.
Eddington: A gap. Einstein.
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Dyson: I call upon Arthur Eddington.
Eddington: None of us can know what the world is in the way that we used to know
it. Einstein says... Sorry. Einstein says that time is not the same for all of us but
different for each one of us. It's very hard to conceive of such separate views... of such
relative ways of seeing. Today is the first day of a new world that is much harder to
live in, less certain, more lonely. But which has, at its heart human endeavour. One
man has shown us how. Look at what one man can do. In this man's work, in the
beautiful complexity of the new universe he has shown us, I for one have no doubt,
I can hear God thinking.
Vocabulary
A. Watch the scenes again. What do these words/phrases mean in the context?
to be truly thankful a theory of gravity
to be/look overcome to travel in a straight line
a curve space is shaped
to bend (bent, bent) (to work/go/fit) hand in glove
to be at war with to love smth very deeply
to conceive smth the position has shifted
the theory holds human endeavor
B. Decide which words/expressions from exercise A mean the following.
1) in close association, collaboration
2) unable to act in the usual way
3) to form or devise (a plan or idea) in the mind
4) a line which gradually deviates from being straight
5) an attempt to achieve something
6) to shape something into a curve or angle
C. Choose one topic from the list below. Tell your partner or the whole group what
you know/have learnt about it using at least five words and/or expressions from
exercise A.
● Eddington’s experiment
● Eddington’s presentation
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● Political landscape in science at the beginning of the 20th century
D. Compose a 1-minute talk on the current problems or opportunities in
mathematics.
Grammar
A. Study the following example.
Example: None of us can know what the world is in the way that we used to know it.
Does the phrase in bold describe the present or the past?
B. Read the following sentences. Which sentence describes the present? The past?
We used to learn a lot every day.
We are used to learning a lot every day.
C. Read the following sentences. Add an appropriate form of BE, if necessary.
1) I ___ used to win all the math competitions, but now it’s a bit harder.
2) All my roommates ___ used to waking up early, since we have 9 a.m. classes.
3) A teacher ___ used to answering questions. Students, as a rule, have a lot of
questions.
4) When I was a child, I ___ used to participate in robotics tournaments.
5) You and I are from different cultures, I ___ used to having cheese for breakfast,
you ___ used to having fish.
D. Ask your partner the following questions. Pay attention to the use of the following
patterns: Be USED TO Ving and USED TO DO.
1) How often do you cook? Are you used to cooking?
2) Are you used to living in a dorm?
3) When you were a child, did you use to play Dota?
4) What do you have for breakfast? Are you used to having coffee in
the morning?
5) Did you use to follow your parents’ advice when you were at high school?
6) Do you come from Novosibirsk? Are you used to living in a cold climate?
E. In groups of three, decide what classes at the university you find the most
beneficial. What classes at high school did you find the most effective?
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Unit 4
Hidden Figures
Lead-in
A. What are your associations with the name Hidden figures? What do you think
the movie is about?
B. Look at the picture. What is the woman doing? Where is she?
Viewing 1
A. The action in the movie is set in the 1960s at the time of space race. The characters
in the scene are trying to calculate the coordinates for the spacecraft re-entry into the
atmosphere. Watch the scene and say what helped the characters achieve the goal. Is
the math calculation on the board in the scene intelligible?
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B. View the scene again and fill in the gaps.
Katherine: The problem is when the capsule moves from 1) _________ _________
_________ to 2) _________ _________ _________ . There’s no mathematical
formula for that. As we can 3) _________ _________ _________ _________ but
without this conversion, the capsule stays in orbit, we can’t bring it back home.
Mr Harrison: Maybe 4) _________ _________ _________ _________ about this
all wrong.
Paul Stafford: How’s that?
Mr Harrison: Maybe it’s not new math at all.
Katherine: It could be old math. Something that looks at the problem 5) _________
_________ _________ _________ . Math is always 6) _________ .
Mr Harrison: For you it is.
Katherine: 7) _________ _________ .
Paul Stafford: 8) _________ _________ ?
Katherine: Yes.
Paul Stafford: That’s ancient.
Katherine: But it works! It works numerically.
Mr Harrison: That's it!
Paul Stafford: Let’s 9) _________ _________ _________ .
C. In pairs, answer the following questions.
1) What are the characters in the scene doing?
2) What do you know about Euler method?
3) In what other areas of research is it used?
4) Is there a difference in the applicability of “old” math and “new” math?
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Reading
A. Who is the man in the picture? What do you know about him?
B. In pairs, read the following text fragments and put them in the appropriate order.
A In 1736, he published his first book of many, Mechanica. By the end
of the decade, having suffered from fevers and overexertion due to
cartography work, Euler was severely hampered in the ability to see from
his right eye.
In the mid-1740s, Euler was appointed the mathematics director of the
newly created Berlin Academy of Science and Beaux Arts, taking on a
variety of management roles as well becoming head of the organization
itself for a time starting in 1759. Not appointed president proper of the
academy by King Frederick II, Euler received patronage from Catherine II
and in 1766 returned to Russia to head the St. Petersburg Academy.
B Over his career, Euler came up with an array of principles which laid
the foundation for much of modern mathematics as we know it. He was a
revolutionary thinker in the fields of geometry, trigonometry, calculus,
differential equations, number theory and notational systems—including
the utilization of π and f(x)—among a legion of other accomplishments.
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His Euler's Identity theorem is often cited as the most delightful of
equations and his work also focused on the fields of astronomy/lunar
motion, acoustics, mechanics and music.
C Euler, working on the day of his passing, suffered from a brain
hemorrhage and died during the night of September 18, 1783, in St.
Petersburg. Euler's legacy has been enormous in terms of shaping the
modern playing field of mathematics and engineering. A massive project
that has taken more than a century to complete, Leonhardi Euleri Opera
Omnia (1907 -2015) is a full presentation of his work and has had dozens
of volumes published over the years.
D Leonhard Euler (1707–1783) was born on April 15, 1707, in Basel,
Switzerland. Though originally slated for a career as a rural clergyman,
Euler showed an early aptitude and propensity for mathematics, and
thus, after studying with Johan Bernoulli, he attended the University of
Basel and earned his master's during his teens. Moving to Russia in 1727,
Euler served in the navy before joining the St. Petersburg Academy as a
professor of physics and later heading its mathematics division.
E He wed Katharina Gsell in early 1734, with the couple going on to
have many children, though only five lived past their father. The couple
were married for 39 years until Katharina's death, and Euler remarried in
his later years to her half-sister.
F Euler was a highly prolific author, having written hundreds of papers
and publications over his lifetime, including the well-known science and
philosophy series Letters to a German Princess.
[adapted from https://www.biography.com/scientist/leonhard-euler]
C. In pairs or groups, tell your partner three facts about Leonard Euler that you have
found important to know.
D. Compose one sentence about Leonard Euler that is partially true.
Example: During part of his life Leonard Euler was both a rural clergyman and an
outstanding mathematician.
Share your sentence with the other students. Check if they can find the false bit of
information.
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