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470
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Index
Herbs and herbal extracts (cont.)
Hawthorn, 94
Horse chestnut, 94
Kava, 95
Motherwort, 95
Oregano, 95
policosanol, 95
Resveratrol, 95
Saw palmetto, 95
Skullcap, 95
St. John’s wort, 95
turmeric, 95
Willow tree bark extract, 95
wintergreen oil/methyl salicyclate, 96
Hereditary coagulation disorders
cardiac anesthesia, 285
Cornelia de Lange syndrome, 281
DiGeorge syndrome, 281
Down’s syndrome, 280, 281
Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 281
hereditary liver disease
AAT deciency, 283
hereditary hemochromatosis, 283
viscoelastic coagulation tests, 283
Wilson’s disease, 283
history and physical exam features, 284
inherited thrombophilias, 282
Jacobsen syndrome, 281
laboratory studies, 284
Noonan syndrome, 281
obstetric anesthesia
hematologic state during pregnancy, 284
mode of delivery, 285
neuraxial anesthesia, 284
orthopedic surgery, 285
primary hemostasis
functional platelet disorders, 279, 280
quantitative platelet disorders, 280
regional anesthesia, 285
secondary hemostasis, 281, 282
tertiary hemostasis, 282
Trisomy 13 and 18, 281
vasculitis and autoimmune conditions
antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 282, 283
hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias, 282
systemic vasculitis, 283
Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), 283, 290, 433–435
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias (HHT), 282
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, 280
High frequency probes, 101
High molecular weight heparin (HMWH), 447
Hippocrates, 1, 2
HIV infection, 388
Homeostatic control, 434
Hormonal therapy, 62
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), 54
Horse chestnut, 94
Human immunodeciency virus (HIV), 439, 440
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system, 13
Human Parvovirus B19 (HPV B19), 304
Hydroxyurea, 441
Hydroxyurea therapy, 405, 407
Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, 377
Hypercoagulable states
primary (congenital)
antithrombin deciency, 51, 52
decreased antithrombotic proteins, 51
Factor V Leiden (Activated Protein C
Resistance), 52, 53
hyperhomocysteinemia, 53
increased prothrombotic proteins, 51
protein C deciency, 52
protein S deciency, 52
relative risk, 53
specic coagulation factors (VII, XI, IX and
vWF), 53
tissue plasminogen activator deciency, 53
secondary (acquired)
antiphospholipid syndrome, 54
deciency of coagulation inhibitors, 53
hemolytic diseases or diseases, 55
hormone replacement therapy, 54
increased prothrombotic proteins, 53
nephrotic syndrome, 55
oral contraceptives, 54
pregnancy and periperium, 54
relative risk, 54
thromboembolic phenomenon, 55
Hyperbrinolysis, 44
Hyperhomocysteinemia, 53
Hypertension, 223, 224
Hypobrinogenemia, 340, 341
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, 435
Hypovolemia, 270, 271
Hypoxia sensing, 406
I
Idarucizumab, 426
Immature platelet fraction (IPF), 419
Indinavir (Crixivan), 181
Ineffective erythropoiesis, 435
Infections
incidence, 303, 304
prevention, 304
treatment, 304
Informing Fresh vs. Old Red Cell Management
(INFORM) study, 460, 461
Inherited platelet disorders, 59
Inherited thrombophilias, 282
Integral bag system, 22
Interventional pain management
chronic pain, 443
coagulation
pathophysiology, 445
physiology, 444, 445
hemostasis
ADP receptor inhibitors, 451
anticoagulant medications, 451
bridging therapy, 450, 451
COX inhibitors, 446
direct thrombin inhibitors, 447, 448, 452
factor Xa inhibitors, 448
glycoprotein receptor antagonists, 446
GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors, 451, 452
heparin/LMWH, 446, 447, 452
NSAIDs/aspirin, 451
phosphodiesterase inhibitors, 452
recommendations and safety, 449
regional anesthesia, 448, 449
risk-stratication for severe bleeding, 450
thienopyridine inhibitors, 446
thromboembolic risk, 449, 450
warfarin, 446, 451
Index
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471
regional anesthesia, 443
risks, 443
Intracranial pressure (ICP), 314
Intraoperative blood management, 248
Intraoperative blood product transfusions, 129
Intraoperative blood salvage, 131
Intravenous hemostats, 82
Intravenous liposome based platelet substitutes, 83, 84
Intravenous polymeric nanoparticles, 84
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), 416
Intrinsic pathway, 389
Iron chelation therapy
goals, 294
myelodysplastic syndrome, 295, 296
non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia, 295
pretreatment investigations, 295
sickle-cell disease, 295
transfusion-dependent thalassemia, 295
Iron deciency anemia (IDA), 145, 148–149
Iron, homeostasis, 290
Iron overload
complications, 435
denition, 433
diagnosis, 291
etiology, 434, 435
iron metabolism, 433, 434
laboratory tests and diagnostic imaging, 435
pathophysiology, 290, 291
perioperative implications, 436
signs and symptoms, 291, 434
treatment, 291
calcium channel blockers for thalassemia, 297
chelators DFO and DFP, combination therapy, 293
children, 297
deferasirox, 292, 293
deferiprone, 293
deferoxamine, 291, 292
exchange transfusion for sickle cell disease, 296
future aspects, 298
hematopoietic stem cell transplant, 297
iron chelation therapy (see Iron chelation therapy)
phlebotomy, 296
pregnancy, 297, 298
splenectomy, 296, 297
Irradiated components, 23
Itraconazole (Sporanox), 179
J
Jacobsen syndrome, 281
JAK2 (JAK2V617F) mutation, 406
Jehovah's Witness patient
acceptable and unacceptable treatments, 137
anemia tolerance, 138
blood product transfusions, 135, 136
history, 136
legality, 136, 137
medical history, 135
patient outcomes, 138
perioperative blood management, 135
peri-operative blood management strategies, 137, 138
pre-operative assessment, 137
Joint Trauma System Clinical Practice Guideline (JTS CPG), 161
K
Kava, 95
L
Landsteiner, Karl, 5, 6
Language of humoral theory, 1–2
Laser Speckle Rheology (LSR), 213
Lateral epicondylitis, 346, 347
Leukocyte depletion lter (LDF), 22, 131
Leukocyte poor PRP (LP-PRP), 345
Leukocyte reduced blood components, 22
Leukodepletion, 399
Leukoreduction, 22, 306
Liberal vs. conservative blood strategies
anemia, 270
conservative transfusion strategies, 272
intraoperative transfusion strategies
ATLS of hemorrhage, 271
Hgb measurements, 272
hypovolemia, 271
intravascular blood volume estimation, 271
patient comorbidities, 270
tissue perfusion and DO2, 270
tissue hypoxia, 270
transfusion strategies
cardiac surgery, 272, 273
gastrointestinal bleeding, 275
geriatric population, 275
neurological injuries, 276
obstetric population, 275
orthopedic surgery, 273
pediatric surgery, 273, 274
Liberal transfusion strategy, 380–382
Linear array, 101
Liver dysfunction, 445
Liver surgery and transplantation, 44, 45
Liver transplantation
antibrinolytic agents, 265
bleeding and thrombosi, 259
blood conservation, 262, 263
coagulation defects in ESLD, 260, 261
coagulopathy in cirrhosis, 259, 260
endothelial glycocalyx injury, 263
brinogen, 263
and intraoperative changes
anhepatic stage, 261, 262
neohepatic stage, 262
pre-anhepatic stage, 261
PCC, 264
red blood cell transfusion, 262
replacement of factors, 263
rFVIIa, 264, 265
standard laboratory assessment, 259
TRALI and TACO, 263
Long-acting anticoagulant rodenticides
(LAARs), 388, 389
Lower gastrointestinal bleeds (LGIB), 381
Lower’s experiments, 4
Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), 424, 425, 447
L-type calcium-channel channels (LTCC), 297
Lumbricus terrestris (LtEc), 132, 133
Lymphopoiesis, 331
M
Macrophages, 332
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC), 13
Malaria, 304
Massive hemorrhage, 357, 370, 371
Massive obstetric hemorrhage, 71
472
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Index
Massive transfusion protocol (MTP)
bleeding consumption score, 73
blood products
complications and drawaback, 74
brinogen component, 72
hemodynamic monitoring and coagulation tests, 73
laboratory directed transfusion management, 73
massive hemorrhage and initiation of protocol, 72, 73
RBC, FFP and PLT, 72
termination of, 74
trauma strategies and non-trauma settings, 74
whole blood vs. component therapy, 72
coagulation abnormalities
acute traumatic coagulopathy, 70
clotting factors deciencies, 70
dilutional coagulopathy, 71
obstetric diseases, 71
common component, 71
complications, 74
damage control resuscitation components, 71
denition, 69
etiologies of, 69
hemostatic resuscitation, 72
laboratory directed transfusion management
activated partial thromboplastin time, 73
POC testing, 73
prothrombin time, 73
liver disease on coagulation, 70
predened ratio, 71
PT/aPTT, 73
shock index, 73
for specic patient groups
cardiac surgery, 75
liver transplantation, 75
major hepatic surgery, 74
obstetric hemorrhage, 75
outcomes, performance, and complication monitoring, 76
pediatric population, 76
trauma, 74, 75
surgical procedures
cardiothoracic/major vascular surgeries, 70
liver transplantation, 69, 70
major cancer and spine surgery, 70
trauma, 69
Massive transfusion strategies, 21
MATTERs trial, 43
May-Hegglin anomaly, 280
MDS Foundation Working Group for Transfusional Iron Overload,
295
Mean arterial pressures (MAPs), 377
Medical Emergency Response Team (MERT), 153
Megakarocytopoiesis, 331
Megakaryopoiesis, 57
Mesenchymal stem cells, 331
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), 331, 332
Metformin, 185
Metronidazole (Flagyl), 178
MHY9-related thrombocytopenia, 280
Miconazole (Monistat), 180
Mild platelet dysfunction, 58
Modern blood banking
ABO and Rh blood system, 11–12
alloimmunization, 13, 14
emerging infections
arboviruses, 16, 17
Babesia species, 17
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 17
pathogen reduction technology, 17
human leukocyte antigen system, 13
inventory management
ordering practices, 15, 16
plasma considerations, 15
platelet considerations, 15
RBC considerations, 14, 15
serologic vs. computer crossmatch, 16
Monocytopoiesis, 331
Motherwort, 95
Motion mode/m-mode, 102
Multivitamins and vitamin supplements
coenzyme Q10 supplementation, 96
sh oil, 96
glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplements, 96
vitamin E supplements, 96, 97
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 295, 296
N
National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 295
National Institutes of Health National Center for Complementary and
Integrative Health, 90
Natural disasters
anesthesiologists, 153
ASBP, 156, 157
blood component therapy, 161
blood stock and blood donation management, 160, 161
BSCM, 159, 160
damage control resuscitation, 154
damage control surgery, 154
denitive surgical repair, 154
early blood grouping and transfusion triage, 160
hemorrhage, 154
mass casualty event, 153
Medical Emergency Response Team, 153
pre-hospital and emergency room preparedness, 153
terrorist attacks, 154
transfusion demand forecasting and planning, 160
transfusion disaster plan, 157, 158
transfusion disaster preparedness, 162, 163
U.S. blood supply system, 155, 156
whole blood transfusion, 161, 162
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), 413, 414
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), 416
Nephrotic syndrome, 55
Nephrotoxic drugs, 296
Neuraxial anesthesia, 284, 425–429
Non-immune mediated acute hemolysis, 306
Noninfectious serious hazards of transfusions (NISHOT), 273
Nonsteroidal anti-inammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 427
Nontransferrin-bound iron (NTBI), 291, 293, 294, 298
Non-transfusion dependent thalassemia (NTDT), 295
Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs)
apixaban, 427
betrixaban, 427
dabigatran, 426
FEIBA, 426
inhibiting factor Xa, 426
rivaroxaban, 427
Noonan syndrome, 281
Normal coagulation cascade, 31, 32
Normal saline
ATLS protocol, 376
vs. balanced crystalloids, 376, 377
Index
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473
composition of, 376
crystalloid administration, 377, 378
crystalloid uids, 375
crystalloid options, 375
EGDT, 376
history of, 375
Norwegian blood supply, 162
Nose bleed treatment, 62
Nucleic acid testing (NAT), 441
Nutraceuticals, 390, 391
Nutritional and herbal supplementation, 89
Nutritional supplement associated hemorrhage, 97
Nutritional supplements, 97
O
Obstetric diseases, 71
Obstetric hemorrhage, 75, 209, 210
Obstetric patients, 429
Obstetricians revive transfusion medicine, 5
Obstetrics, 45
Old blood, 458–462
Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), 102
Oral contraceptives, 54
Oregano, 95
Organ dysfunction, 81
Orthopedics, 44
Orthopedic surgery, 285
Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, see Hereditary hemorrhagic
telangiectasias (HHT)
Osteoarthritis (OA)
of hip, 347, 348
of knee, 345, 346
Osteoblasts, 331
Osteoclasts, 331
Oxygen dissociation, 245
P
Packed red blood cells (PRBCs)/red blood cell (RBC) units, 252, 253,
332, 333
anticoagulant-preservative (A-P) solution, 22
apheresis systems, 22
ARIPI trial, 23
autoimmune cold-induced hemolysis, 23
CMV-negative blood components, 23
CMV seronegative components, 23
concomitant diuretics, 24
di-2-ethylhexylphthalate, 22
infectious diseases, 24
irradiated components, 23
leukocyte depletion or reduction, 22
leukocyte reduced blood components, 22
leukoreduction, 22
noninfectious serious complications, 24
physiologic triggers, 24
RECESS trial, 23
screening and laboratory testing, 21
10/30 rule, 24
TOTAL trial, 23
TRANSFUSE trial, 23
transfusion associated acute lung injury, 21
whole blood collection, 22
Paris Trousseau syndrome, 279
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT), 31
Passive hemostats, 81
Patellar tendinopathy, 349
Pathogen reduction technology (PRT), 17
Patient blood management (PBM) programs, 440
Patient populations selection, 90
Patient’s pharmaceutical anticoagulant, 90
Pediatric cardiac surgery, 249
2018 Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise
Initiative (TAXI), 274
Pediatric Diseases Working Party, 297
Pediatric patient blood management (PBM), 243
blood volume, 244
coagulation system development, 245
estimating allowable blood loss, 246
fetal blood development, 244
goals, 246
history, 243
normal red blood cell parameters, 244
oxygen dissociation, 244, 245
preoperative assessment, 246
standards, 246
Pediatric population, 76
Pediatrics, 46
Peruorocarbons (PFCs), 141
Perioperative anesthesiology ultrasonographic evaluation (PAUSE)
approach, 110
Perioperative blood transfusions (PBT)
clinical evidence, 397
clinical practice, 400, 401
host immunity, 397, 398
immunomodulation
anastomotic leakage, 399
cellular-based host interference, 398
components, 399
host immune disruption, 398
leukodepletion, 399
metastatic progenitors, 398
NK cells and monocytes, 398, 399
non-immune mechanisms, 399
post-operative abdominal infection, 399
inammatory response, 397
recurrence, 397
risk factors, 398–400
TRIM, 397
Peripheral nerve blocks, 428, 429
Pernicious anemia, 150
Pharmacodynamic antiplatelet effect, 90, 436
Phased array probe, 101
Phlebotomy, 296
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, 452
Plantar fasciitis, 349, 350
Plasma transfusion guidelines, 254
Plasma transfusion, traumatic brain injury, 315, 316
Plasma turbidity methods, 39
Plasmin, 38
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), 39
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2), 39
Platelet concentrations, 61
Platelet derived hemostatic agents (PDHA), 83
Platelet disorders
diagnosis, 60, 61
inherited and acquired disorders, 57
inherited platelet disorders, 59
intraoperative considerations
coagulopathy of hypothermia, 64
perioperative or postoperative blood loss, 64
prophylactic treatments, 63
474
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Index
Platelet disorders (cont.)
surgery type, 63
temperature regulation, 64
transfusion requirements, 64
management, 61
antibrinolytic, 62
aspirin, 62
dental extraction, 62
desmopressin, 61
nose bleeds, 62
nutraceuticals and foods to avoid, 62, 63
platelet concentrations, 61
recombinant activated factor VII, 61, 62
warfarin/heparin, 62
proplatelets off megakaryocytes, 57
qualitative changes, 57
quantitative changes, 57
thrombocythemia, 59
thrombocytopenia, 58
thrombocytosis, 58, 59
Platelet function analyzer (PFA-100), 60, 445
PlateletMapping (Haemonetics Corporation©), 204
Platelet rich plasma (PRP)
ACL tears, 348, 349
centrifugation process, 345
lateral epicondylitis, 346, 347
LP-PRP, 345
osteoarthritis
of hip, 347, 348
of knee, 345, 346
patellar tendinopathy, 349
plantar fasciitis, 349, 350
rotator cuff tendinopathies, 347
types, 345
Platelets, 25, 26
blood products origin, 333, 334
Platelet transfusion guidelines, 254, 255
Platelet transfusion, traumatic brain injury, 316
Platelet-type von Willebrand disease, 59
Point of care (POC) testing, 73
Point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS)
application of, 102
benets of, 109
drawbacks, 109
education and training, 110
indications
abdominal aids, 107, 108
airway evaluation, 103
cardiology, 105–107
ophthalmology/neurology, 102, 103
pulmonary, 104
regional anesthesia, 108
vascular/shock, 108
PAUSE approach, 110
perioperative, 110
views, 109
Policosanol, 95
Polycythemia
anesthetic considerations, 408
denition, 405
pathogenesis, 406
perioperative complications, 406
perioperative management
cytoreductive therapy, 407
goals, 407
phlebotomy, 407
symptomatic management, 407
thrombocytosis, 407
preoperative evaluation, 406, 407
primary polycythemia, 405
prognosis, 407, 408
secondary polycythemia, 405, 406
thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications, 405
Polycythemia vera (PV), 406, 408
Polyelectrolyte, 85
Polysaccharide, 85
Post-partum hemorrhage (PPH), 45, 275, 369
active management, 234
blood product availability, 236
cell salvage, 237
coagulation factors, 235
coagulopathy, 235
common causes, 234
epidemiology and denition, 233
brinogen, 235, 236
goal-directed therapy and viscoelastic testing, 237, 238
incidence, 233
massive transfusion protocol, 236
multiple antibodies and transfusion, 236
obstetrical blood management, 233
obstetrical transfusion management, 234
patient blood management, 235
pharmacologic adjuncts
antibrinolytics, 238
calcium, 239
brinogen, 238
PCC, 239
rFVIIa, 239
recognition and quantication, 234, 235
risk factors, 233
second line uterotonics, 234
transfusion triggers, 236, 237
uterine artery embolization, 234
Post-transfusion purpura (PTP)
clinical presentation, 302
incidence, 302
mechanism, 302
prevention, 302
treatment, 302
Pragmatic, Randomized Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratios (PROPP)
trial, 314
Prasugrel, 184
Prednisone, 181
Preemptive antibrinolytic therapy, 39
Prehospital air medical plasma (PAMPer), 365
Pre-hospital Anti-brinolytics for Traumatic Coagulopathy and
Hemorrhage (PATCH) trial, 43
Prehospital transfusion
blood products and crystalloids, 358, 360, 366
blood transfusion, 357
clinical ndings, 364–366
cryoprecipitate, 359, 360
crystalloid-based resuscitation, 358
DCR strategies, 357
fresh frozen plasma, 359
guidelines, 362–364
liquid plasma, 359
platelets, 359
PRBCs, 359
standardization protocols, 358
of thawed plasma, 358
transportation, storage and expiration, 360–362
white blood, 358, 359
Prehospital Use of Plasma for Traumatic Hemorrhage (PUPTH), 365
Index
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475
Preoperative anemia
ACD, 149
causes, 150
clinic, 147, 148
denition, 145
hemolytic reactions, 146
hospital-acquired anemia, 145
hypersensitivity reactions, 146
immunomodulation, 147
incidence, 145
iron deciency anemia, 145, 148, 149
morbidity and mortality, 146
pernicious anemia, 150
prevalence, 145, 146
sickle cell disease, 149, 150
TACO, 146
TRALI, 146
transmission of infection, 146
Preoperative blood management, 247, 248
Preterm neonate
anemia, 411
blood conservation, 417
causes and risk factors for anemia, 411, 412
complications and risks of transfusion
adverse events, 415
BPD, 416
graft-versus-host disease, 415
infection, 416
IVH, 416
lung injury, 415
NEC, 416
retinopathy of prematurity, 416, 417
cord stripping, 417, 418
DCC, 417, 418
erythropoietin, 418
liberal vs. restrictive RBC transfusion guidelines, 413
RBC products
age of blood, 415
irradiation, 415
leukoreduction, 414
red blood cell transfusion
hemoglobin and hematocrit, 412
liberal vs. restrictive guidelines, 412, 413
retrospective analysis, 417
thrombocytopenia, 411
causes/risk factors, 418, 419
complications, 419
IPF, 419
thresholds, 419
thrombopoietin, 419, 420
treatment, 419
transfusion markers
Hgb/Hct level, 413
NIRS, 413, 414
RCV and blood volume, 413
reticulocytes, 413
serum lactate, 413
Proplatelets off megakaryocytes, 57
Prospective, Observational, Multicenter, Major Trauma Transfusion
Trial (PROMMTT), 207, 208
Protein C deciency, 52
Protein S deciency, 52
Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs), 264, 341, 391, 392, 425
Prothrombin time (PT), 73, 389
Protocol-Based Care for Early Septic Shock (ProCESS) trial, 382
Pulmonary circulation, 3
P2Y12 inhibitors, 184, 337
Q
22 q11.2 deletion syndrome, 281
QPlus cartridge, 211
Quantitative platelet disorders
congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, 280
MHY9-related thrombocytopenia, 280
thrombocytopenia absent radius, 280
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, 280
X-linked macrothrombocytopenia, 280
QuikClot, 85
R
Rapid deployment hemostat (RDH), 85
Rare inherited coagulation disorders (RICD), 281
Rebalanced hemostasis, 260
Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa), 61, 62, 84, 341, 392
Red blood cells (RBC), 329, 331, 332
Red-Cell Storage Duration Study (RECESS), 23, 461
Red cell storage lesion
blood transfusion, 455
cell rigidity/fracture and inammation, 457
hemolysis, potassium and Free Hgb, 458
in vivo testing, 456
oxidative stress, 455
oxygen-O
randomized controlled trials, 455
retrospective outcome data, 459, 460
transfusion risk research, 455
unique proteins/microparticles, 458, 459
Red cell volume (RCV), 413
Regional anesthesia, 285
antiplatelets, 427, 428
complication, 423
direct parental thrombin inhibitors, 426
fondaparinux, 425, 426
hemostasis, 448, 449
heparin, 424, 425
herbal therapy, 428
novel oral anticoagulants
obstetric patients, 429
peripheral nerve blocks, 428, 429
spinal hematoma, 429
thrombolytics, 427
warfarin, 425
Response Plan Flow Chart, 159
Restrictive transfusion strategy, 381
Resveratrol, 95
Reticulocytes, 413
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), 416, 417
Retrograde autologous priming, 339
-carrying /delivery, 456, 457
2
ABLE study, 460
ARIPI study, 460
cardiac surgery, 461
INFORM trial, 460, 461
meta-analysis, 460
pragmatic, 462
RECESS, 461
serum lactate levels, 461
TRALI, 461
apixaban, 427
betrixaban, 427
dabigatran, 426
edoxaban, 427
FEIBA, 426
inhibiting factor Xa, 426
rivaroxaban, 427
476
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Index
Ritonavir (Norvir), 181
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto), 170, 171, 427
Rosenthal’s disease, see Hemophilia C
Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM®), 39, 71, 205–208, 260,
261, 283
Rotator cuff tendinopathies (RCT), 347
Rotem® analyzer systems, 201
Royal society transfusion experiments, 4
Ruxolitinib, 406
S
Saw palmetto, 95
Sebastian syndrome, 280
Secondary hemostasis, 281, 282
Seizures, 43
Serine protease inhibitors, 38–39
Serotonergic agents, 184
Serum lactate, 413
Severe hemorrhage, 371
Sickle-cell disease (SCD), 149, 150, 295
Skullcap, 95
Small for gestational age (SGA), 419
Smiths Medical Level 1®, 305
Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists (SCA), 269
Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS), 269
Sonography, see Ultrasound
Spinal anesthesia, 423–425
Spinal hematoma, 429
Splanchnic-cerebral oxygenation ratio (SCOR), 414
Splanchnic tissue oxygen saturation (SrSO2), 414
Splenectomy, 296
NTDT, 296, 297
TDT, 296
St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum), 95, 182
Storage pool disorders, 279, 280
Stored whole blood (SWB), 372, 373
Streptomyces pilosus, 291
Stroma cells, 331, 332
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), 45, 46
Substance abuse, 389
Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), 291
Surgery in Platelet Disorders and Therapeutic Approach (SPATA)
study, 63
Synthetic cannabinoids, 388–390
Systemic vasculitis, 283
T
TEG® 6s analyzer system, 204–206
10/30 rule, 24
Tertiary hemostasis, 282
Therapeutic phlebotomy, 436
Thienopyridine inhibitors, 446
Thrombin activated brinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), 39
Thrombin time (TT), 390
Thrombocythemia, 59
Thrombocytopenia, 58, 280, 388
causes/risk factors, 418, 419
complications, 419
IPF, 419
thresholds, 419
thrombopoietin, 419, 420
treatment, 419
Thrombocytopenia Absent Radius (TAR) syndrome, 280
Thrombocytosis, 58, 59
Thrombocytosis-induced von Willebrand syndrome, 407
Thromboelastogram (TEG®) 5000 analyzer, 201
alpha (α), angle parameter, 202
components, 201
brinolytic inhibitors, 203
Kaolin (+/- heparinase), 204
maximum amplitude, 202
RapidTEG (+/- heparinase), 204
TEG PlateletMapping®, 202
Thromboelastography (TEG), 39, 283
Thromboembolic complications, 406, 407
Thromboembolic phenomenon, 55
Thrombolytics, 427
Thromboplastin (TF), 31
Thrombopoietin (Tpo), 419, 420
Thrombosis
anticoagulants, 168
betrixaban, 172
heparin, 170, 175
prothrombin, 169
vitamin K, 169, 170
warfarin, 168, 174, 175
antidepressants, 168
antibrinolytics, 182, 183
antiplatelet drugs, 183–185
antithrombotic therapies, 168
cerebral thrombosis, 167
chronic ethanol use/abuse, 181
coronary arterial thrombosis, 167
direct factor Xa inhibitors
Apixaban (Eliquis), 171
betrixaban, 172
edoxaban, 171
fondaparinux, 172
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto), 170, 171
direct thrombin inhibitors
administration and dosing recommendations, 173
anticoagulation effects, 174
argatroban, 174
bivalirudin (Angiomax), 173
dabigatran (Pradaxa), 172
indications, 172
side effects & contraindications, 173
DOAC, 168
drug-drug interactions
amiodarone, 177
antibiotics, 176
anti-platelet drugs, 176
atorvastatin (Lipitor), 178, 179
carbamazepine (Tegretol), 179
cimetidine (Tagamet), 180
ciprooxacin (Cipro), 177
clarithromycin (Biaxin), 177, 178
erythromycin and quinidine, 178
uconazole (Diucan), 180
uoxetine (Prozac), 179
uvastatin (Lescol), 178
uvoxamine (Luvox), 179
herbal supplements/Ginkgo, 176
itraconazole (Sporanox), 179
metronidazole (Flagyl), 178
miconazole (Monistat), 180
NSAIDs, 176
rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane), 178
SSRIs, 176
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim), 178
voriconazole (Vfend), 180
zarlukast (Accolate), 180
Index
https://t.me/medicina_free
477
brin, 168
herbal products, 168
NSAIDs, 168, 181
patients with HIV infections, 180
prednisone, 181
St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum), 182
tranexamic acid, 168
VTEs
anticoagulants, 167
antithrombotic therapies, 167
incidence, 167
LMWHs, 167
UFH, 167
warfarin, 168
vitamin K, 181, 182
Thromboxane A2 inhibition, 183
Ticagrelor, 184
Tissue echogenicity, 101
Tissue Oxygenation by Transfusion in Severe Anemia with Lactic
Acidosis (TOTAL), 23
Topical hemostats, 81, 82
Topical tranexamic acid, 46
Total iron binding capacity (TIBC), 291
Tranexamic acid (TXA), 40, 41, 43, 84, 124, 317
Transferrin, 433
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-positive suppressor T-cells, 323
Transfusion and transplant therapy, 13
Transfusion associated acute lung injury (TRALI), 21
Transfusion associated circulatory overload (TACO), 114–116, 251,
290, 364
clinical presentation, 307
incidence, 307
mechanism, 307
prevention, 307
treatment, 307
Transfusion associated graft versus host disease (TA-GVHD), 81
clinical presentation, 306
incidence, 306
prevention, 306, 307
treatment, 306, 307
Transfusion-associated iron overload, 434
Transfusion-associated microchimerism (TA-MC), 323
Transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT), 295
Transfusion Indication Threshold Reduction (TITRe2) clinical trial,
273
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), 113, 114, 321, 324,
364
clinical presentation, 308
incidence, 307, 308
mechanism, 308
prevention, 308
treatment, 308
Transfusion-related immune modulation (TRIM), 308, 397
allogeneic vs. autologous leukocyte-ltered blood transfusions,
325
allogeneic WBCs, 323
bioactive soluble molecules, 323
cancer recurrence, 322
history, 322
HLA compatibility of donors and recipients, 323
HLA proteins and immune-reactive HLA peptides, 323
leukoreduction, 324, 325
mechanisms, 324
microparticles, 323, 324
morbidity and mortality, 321
outcomes, 326
RBC transfusions, 321
TA-MC rate, 323
urinary tract infections, 325
Transfusion Related Iron Overload (TRIO), 290
Transfusion related risks, 130
Transfusion Requirement in Burn Care Evaluation
(TRIBE) trial, 354, 355
Transfusion Requirements After Cardiac Surgery (TRACS)
study, 272
Transfusion Requirements in Cardiac Surgery III (TRiCS III)
trial, 273
Transfusion Requirements in Septic Shock trial (TRISS), 382
Transfusion Requirements in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
(TRIPICU) study, 274
Transfusion strategies
cardiac surgery, 272, 273
gastrointestinal bleeding, 275
geriatric population, 275
neurological injuries, 276
obstetric population, 275
orthopedic surgery, 273
pediatric surgery, 273, 274
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), 275
Trauma, 43, 69
Traumatic bleeding, 43
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), 44, 276
antibrinolytic medication, 317
coagulopathy, 314
cryoprecipitate, 316, 317
denition, 313
epidemiology, 313
pathophysiology, 313, 314
plasma transfusion, 315, 316
platelet transfusion, 316
red blood cell transfusion
anemia and outcomes, 314, 315
transfusion and outcomes, 315
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim), 178
Trisomy 13 and 18, 281
T-type calcium channels (TTCC), 297
Turmeric, 95
U
Ultrasound (US)
application, 103
axial/longitudinal resolution, 101
curved array, 101
frequency of, 101
high frequency probes, 101
lateral resolution, 101
linear array probe, 101
mode selection, 101
phased array probe, 101
point-of-care ultrasound (see Point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS))
spectral doppler ultrasound modality, 102
tissue echogenicity, 101
transducer, 101
views, 109
Unfractionated heparin (UFH), 424, 425
Upper gastrointestinal bleeds (UGIB), 381
Urinary tract infections (UTIs), 325
Urticarial transfusion reaction
clinical presentation, 302
incidence, 302
mechanism, 302
prevention, 302
treatment, 302
478
https://t.me/medicina_free
Index
V
Vasculitis, 225, 226
Venous blood, 3
Venous thromboembolisms (VTEs)
anticoagulants, 167
incidence, 167
low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs), 167
unfractionated heparin (UFH), 167
Venous thrombosis, 392
Vitamin K deciency, 445
Von Willebrand factor (vWF), 59, 259, 444, 445
Von Willebrand’s disease (VWD), 121, 279, 285, 445
characteristic feature, 124
diagnosis, 125
etiology, 124, 125
platelet adhesion, 124
signs and symptoms, 125
treatment, 125, 126
Voriconazole (Vfend), 180
W
Walking blood bank (WBB), 6, 161
Walking donor program, 370, 372
Warfarin, 425, 446
Warm Fresh Whole Blood (WFWB), 372
Waterfall hypothesis, 30
West Nile, 304
Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index
(WOMAC), 346
Whole blood
component therapy, 371
hemorrhage, 369
history, 369, 370
implementation, 373
re-emergence
SWB, 372, 373
WFWB, 372
trauma and resultant coagulopathy
acidosis, 371
cause of death, 370
hemodilution, 370, 371
hypothermia, 371
partial thromboplastin time, 370
prothrombin time, 370
Willow tree bark extract, 95
Wilson’s disease, 283
Wintergreen oil, or methyl salicyclate, 96
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, 280
World Health Organization (WHO), 129
X
X-linked macrothrombocytopenia, 280
X-linked microthrombocytopenia (XLT), 280
Y
Yersinia, 292
Z
Zarlukast (Accolate), 180
Zeolites, 85
Zika virus, 303
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