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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_3771_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
270 Index
indications, 66–67, 67
placement of conical tip, 70
results, 71
surgical exposure of great saphenous vein, 69
technique, 68, 68–70, 69–70, 71
horse chestnut seed extract (HCSE), 26
hypersensitivity reactions (HSR), 52
I
iliac stents, 159
iliac vein compression syndrome, 24
iliac vein occlusion, 174
iliac vein stenosis, 174
iliac venogram, 159
iliac venous aneurysms, 187
iliocaval compression syndrome
catheter-based venography, 143, 143
clinical presentation, 142
diagnostic evaluation, 142
IVUS, 143, 144
management, 142–158
non-thrombotic syndrome, 144–145, 145
pathophysiology, 141–142
thrombotic syndrome, 145–148, 147
venous stents, 147–148
iliofemoral DVT, 221
additional considerations, 223–224
clinical management, 222–223
patient selection, 221–222, 222
incompetent perforating veins (IPVs), 82
anatomy and pathophysiology, 82–83, 83
clinical outcomes of perforating vein ablation,
87, 87, 88–89, 90, 90–91
endovenous laser ablation, 87
percutaneous ablation techniques, 86, 85–86
postoperative care, 86
preoperative evaluation, 85–85
procedural success of perforating vein
ablation, 91–92
radiofrequency ablation, 86, 85–86
treatment indications, 83–85, 84
ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy, 85
Indigo system, 219
inferior vena cava (IVC) aneurysms
Gradman and Steinberg classication, 191, 192
infrarenal, 192
type I, 192, 192
type II, 192, 192
type III, 192, 192
type IV, 192, 192
inferior vena cava DVT, 220–221
inferior vena cava lters (IVCF), 233, 249, 250
advanced IVC lter retrieval techniques,
246–249, 248
anatomical considerations, 242
clinical indications, 233–236, 235
devices, 236, 237–241, 242
efcacy, 234
endovascular techniques, 234
evidence-based recommendations, 235
placement techniques, 243–245, 243, 244
retrieval, 245–246, 247
inferior vena cava (IVC) occlusion, 172, 173
endovenous treatment, 176–177, 177
open surgical treatment, 179
inferior venacavogram, 159
infrarenal inferior vena cava aneurysm, 192
internal jugular (IJ) venous aneurysms, 185, 190,
189
International Society for the Study of Vascular
Anomalies (ISSVA), 195
International Society of Lymphology (ISL), 123
intraluminal thrombus, 186, 187
intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), 18, 144, 176, 243
catheter withdrawal, 15
vs. CTV, 15–16
iliocaval compression syndrome, 143, 144
IVCF, 243–244, 245
left iliac vein, 145
mechanical transducers, 14
vs. MRV, 17
non-stenotic venous lesions, 144
solid-state transducers, 14
stenotic lesion, 144
technique, 14, 15
trabeculations of vein, 147
utility, 14, 15
vs. venography, 17–18
K
Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, 186
L
Lake Washington Vascular VenaSeal Post-Market
Evaluation (WAVES) Study, 51
LAMA trial, 63
large-bore aspiration catheters, 219
laser ablation, 33
complications, 35
postoperative care, 35
technique, 33–35
laser-assisted venous thrombectomy, 176
left great saphenous vein, 112
left ovarian vein embolization, 158
left renal vein (LRV), 165, 168
left renal venography, 158
left-sided IJ aneurysms, 190, 189
leukocyte activation, 110
leukocyte trapping, 109
lipedema, 126, 126
liposuction, 133, 134
lower extremity supercial venous aneurysms,
188, 188
Index 271
lower extremity venous aneurysms
iliac and common femoral venous aneurysms,
187–188
lower extremity supercial venous aneurysms,
188, 188
popliteal venous aneurysms, 186–187, 187
low ow vascular malformation
direct needle puncture, 197
imaging, 195–196, 196
phleboliths, 195, 196, 196
presentation, 195
treatment, 196–198, 197
low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), 206,
208, 210, 211
lymphedema, 122
antibiosis, 131
autologous lymphatic grafting (vascularized
lymph node transfer), 132
CDT, 128–129
clinical classication, 122, 123
clinical features, 122–124, 123, 123–125,
125–126, 127, 126–128
combined surgical approaches, 134
compression, 129
conservative approaches, 128–129
diagnosis, 124, 125–126, 125–127, 126–128
direct contrast lymphography, 128
exercise and physical therapy, 130
lifestyle modication, 129–131
LVA, 132–133
lymphoscintigraphy and computerized
tomography, 124, 127
magnetic resonance imaging, 128
management, 128–134
MLD, 129
near-infrared lymphography, 126–127, 127
NSAIDs, 131
pharmacotherapy, 131
physiologic procedures, 132–133
presentation, 123–124, 124
primary, 122, 123–125
reductive procedures, 133
secondary, 122
skin care, 130
social support, 130–131
stages, 123
subcutaneous excision with ap coverage, 133
suction-assisted lipectomy (liposuction), 133
surgery, 132–134
weight, 130
lymphoscintigraphy, 124, 127
lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA), 132–133
M
macromolecules, 109
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 16, 25, 39,
128, 150, 165, 173, 196
magnetic resonance lymphography (MRL), 128
magnetic resonance venography (MRV), 16, 18,
154
vs. IVUS, 17
vs. venography, 16
manual lymphatic drainage (MLD), 129
MARADONA trial, 63
MAUDE (Manufacturer and User Facility Device
Experience) registry, 236
May-Thurner syndrome (MTS), 15, 24, 141,
142, 144, 145, 157, 158
mechanical aspiration thrombectomy (MAT),
218, 219, 220
mechanical thrombectomy (MT), 207, 218, 219
mechanochemical ablation (MOCA), of
saphenous veins, 63
anatomic and clinical success, 58, 59–62
device, 55
histological effects, 57
indications, 55–56
outcomes, 58, 59–62, 63
phlebectomy, 57
post-procedure, 58
procedural pain and complications, 58
randomized controlled trials, 58, 63
sclerosant, 57
technique, 56, 56–58
medial claviculectomy, 259
microfoam ablation (MFA), 38, 38, 45–46, 99
adjunctive techniques, 100
complications, 45
efcacy, 42–45
left great saphenous vein, 41
patient selection and clinical advantages,
38–40, 40–41
techniques, 41–42, 42, 43
Varithena, 39, 41, 42, 43
micronized puried avonoid fraction (MPFF),
26
micropuncture, 34
multilayered compression bandage, 114
multiple-segment occlusion, 174
multiple-segment stenosis, 174
muscles, 256, 256
muscular pumps, 22
N
N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (n-BCA), 48
near-infrared (NIR) lymphography, 126–127,
127
negative duplex scan, 205
non-healing venous ulcers, 84
non-invasive imaging of venous system
acute deep venous thrombosis, 5–7, 6, 7
clinical applications, 5–9, 6, 7
duplex ultrasound, 3–5, 4, 5
follow-up of endovenous ablation, 9, 9
272 Index
preoperative vein mapping, 8
recurrent/chronic deep venous thrombosis,
7–8
venous insufciency, 8
non-steroidal anti-inammatory drugs (NSAIDs),
131, 210
non-thrombotic iliac vein lesions (NIVLs)
without, 24
non-thrombotic obstruction, 24
non-thrombotic syndrome, 144–145, 145
normal valvular function, 22
nutcracker syndrome (NS), 165
anterior, 166
clinical presentation, 165, 166
diagnostic evaluation, 166–167
endovascular revascularization, 168, 169
open revascularization, 167–168
posterior, 166
treatment, 167–168
O
open revascularization, 167–168
open surgical treatment
IVC occlusion, 179
SVC occlusion, 177–179, 178–181
OptEase Filter, 240
Option Elite lter, 239
oral sedation, 36
ovarian venography, 156, 159
P
Paget-Schroetter syndrome (PSS), 224, 225, 264
anatomy of VTOS PSS, 255, 255–256, 256
anticoagulation, 257
chronic PSS, 263–263, 264
clinical diagnosis of VTOS PSS, 257
complications, 260
denition, 254
diagnosis of PSS VTOS, 254
endovascular approach, 261
ow diagram, 262–264
incidence, etiology, 255
initial medical treatment, 257
management protocols, 261–263, 262–264
natural history, 257
open reconstruction, 260–261
surgical management of VTOS PSS, 258–260
thrombolysis, 257–258, 258
venous restoration, 260–261
patency rates, 180
patent IVC, 159
patent left adrenal vein, 158
pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS), 150, 151,
161–162
applied clinical anatomy, 153
clinical picture, 152–153
complications, 162
diagnostic imaging, 153–155
ovarian venography, 156
pathophysiology, 151–152
right ovarian venography, 160
treatment options, 155, 157, 156–160, 157
treatment results, 160–162
unresolved PCS, 160
pelvic venous disease (PeVD), 150, 151
pentoxifylline, 115
percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty
(PTA), 175, 176
PE response teams (PERTs), 211
perforating vein ablation
clinical outcomes of, 87, 87, 88–89, 90, 90–91
procedural success of, 91–92
peripheral venous system, 21
permanent IVCFs (pIVCFs), 236
pharmacomechanical catheter-directed
thrombectomy (PCDT), 220, 223, 225
pharmacomechanical thrombolysis (PMT), 207
pharmacotherapy, 131
phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI), 16
phlebectomy, 57, see also ambulatory (stab)
phlebectomy
origin, 74
staging, 78–79
phlebitis, 196
phlebitis-like abnormal reaction (PLAR), 103
phleboliths, 195, 196
phlebolymphedema, 125
phlegmasia cerula dolens, 223
physician compounded foam (PCF), 38, 85,
99–100
pneumatic compression pumps (PCPs), 129
polidocanol, 56, 56, 57
polidocanol microfoam ablation, of reuxing
supercial veins, 38
complications, 45
efcacy, 42–45
patient selection and clinical advantages,
38–40, 40–41
randomized trials, 44
techniques, 41–42, 42, 43
popliteal venous aneurysms, 186–187, 187
portal superior mesenteric vein conuence, 191
portal venous system, 191, 190–191
post coil embolization, 157, 160
posterior nutcracker syndrome, 166
postoperative care
IPVs, 87
laser ablation, 35
radiofrequency ablation, 36
post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), 146–147, 147,
203–208, 211, 225
preoperative vein mapping, 8
PREPIC trial, 234
PRESERVE trial, 236
Index 273
pretibial myxedema, 126
primary axillary venous aneurysms, 189
primary lymphedema, 122, 123–125, 127
prolonged hypoxia, 23
pulmonary embolism (PE), 186, 191–192, 193,
206, 244
pulse wave Doppler/duplex exam, 6, 6–7, 7
acute deep venous thrombosis, 6, 6–7, 7
recurrent/chronic deep venous thrombosis,
7–8
venous insufciency, 8
R
radiofrequency ablation (RFA), 35, 44–45, 50,
51, 55, 58, 63, 82, 92, 93, 117
complications, 36
IPVs, 86, 85–87, 91
postoperative care, 36
technique, 35–36
radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy, 124
randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 25,
50–51
IVCF, 234
MOCA, 58, 63
recurrent/chronic deep venous thrombosis, 7
continuous wave Doppler exam, 7
pulse wave Doppler/duplex exam, 7–8
refractory venous insufciency, 40
retrievable IVCFs (rIVCF), 234, 236, 242,
245–246
rheolytic thrombectomy, 218, 220, 225
right lower extremity (RLE), 155
right ovarian venography, 160
right selective ovarian venography, 159
right-sided IJ aneurysms, 190, 189
ringed ePTFE, 179
rivaroxaban, 206, 207
S
saphenofemoral junction (SFJ), 6, 9, 34, 49, 50,
57, 66, 68, 98
endoluminal passage of vein stripper, 69
surgical exposure of great saphenous vein, 69
saphenous vein ablation, 101
saphenous vein ligation and stripping
complications, 71–72
indications, 66–67, 67
results, 71
technique, 68, 68–70, 69–70, 71
saphenous veins, MOCA
anatomic and clinical success, 58, 59–62
device, 55
histological effects, 57
indications, 55–56
outcomes, 58, 59–62, 63
phlebectomy, 57
post-procedure, 58
procedural pain and complications, 58
randomized controlled trials, 58, 63
sclerosant, 57
technique, 56, 56–58
Satinsky clamp, 177
sclerosant, 57
secondary lymphedema, 122
secondary upper extremity DVT, 225
sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping, 124
Sentry IVCF, 242, 241
Simon Nitinol Filter, 237
single-segment occlusion, 174
single-segment stenosis, 174
small saphenous vein (SSV), 33, 36, 51, 53, 98
MOCA, 55, 58
polidocanol, 56, 56
STS concentrations, 56, 56
social support, 130–131
Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS), 25, 35, 45,
96, 97, 99, 102
sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS), 56, 56, 57
stanazol, 115
stenting of iliac veins, 118
subclavius muscle, 256
subcutaneous lidocaine, 36
subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS),
82, 83, 91
suction-assisted lipectomy (liposuction), 133
supercial truncal veins, thermal ablation
laser ablation, 33–35
radiofrequency ablation, 35–36
supercial venous aneurysms of lower extremity,
188, 188
supercial venous insufciency, cyanoacrylate
treatment
adverse events and complications, 52–53
clinical outcomes, 50–53
contraindications, 49
device, 48–49
early trials, 50
endovenous glue-induced thrombosis, 52–53
hypersensitivity reactions, 52
indications, 49
post-market trial, 51
randomized control trial, 50–51
technique, 49–50
treatment, 51–52
supercial venous thrombosis (SVT), 104,
103–104, 103
superior mesenteric artery (SMA), 165
superior vena cava (SVC), 225–226
superior vena cava (SVC) occlusion, 172, 173,
173
endovenous treatment, 175–176
open surgical treatment, 177–179,
178–181
SVS Practice Guidelines, 26
274 Index
Symptoms-Varices-Pathophysiology (SVP), 150,
151
systemic antibiotics, 115
systemic uid overload, 126
T
technetium-99m (Tc99m) labeled colloid
molecules, 124
thermal ablation, of reuxing supercial truncal
veins
laser ablation, 33–35
radiofrequency ablation, 35–36
thoracic venous aneurysms, 189–190
thrombolysis, 257–258, 258
thrombotic obstruction, 23–24
thrombotic syndrome
iliac vein obstructive lesion, acute DVT
associated with, 145–146
iliac vein stenosis/occlusion, post-thrombotic
syndrome with, 146–147, 147
tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), 217
transaxillary rst rib resection, 259
transilluminated powered phlebectomy (TIPP),
77–78
TriVex system, 77
U
UCLA Machleder Protocol, 262
ultrasound
accessory saphenous vein aneurysm, 188
instrumentation and physics, 3–4, 4
ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis (USAT), 218,
219
ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS),
82, 85, 90–93, 117
upper extremity aneurysms, 189
upper extremity DVT (UEDVT), 224, 225
upper extremity PTS, 225
V
Valsalva maneuver, 6–8, 113, 154, 178, 190
valvular dysfunction, 22
varicose vein treatments
classication of adverse thrombotic events,
96, 97
incidence of adverse thrombotic events,
98–100, 99, 100
supercial venous thrombosis, 104, 103–104,
103
treatment of thrombotic complications,
102–103
vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT), 132,
134
vascular malformations, 201
high ow malformations, 198, 198, 199
low ow malformations, 195–198, 196, 197
management, 200, 201, 201
VenaSeal closure system (VeClose), 48–51
VenaTech convertible IVCF, 242, 238
VenaTech LP Filter, 238
venography, 3, 11, 158
ascending, 11–12
balloon dilation, 145
vs. CTV, 15
descending, 12
inferior vena cava lter deployment, 243
vs. IVUS, 17–18
vs. MRV, 16
multi-plane, 13
occlusion of iliac vein with collateral
formation, 143
PCS, 160
point of compression of left iliac vein, 145
single-plane, 13
stent placement, 145
technique, 12–13
utility, 13, 13
venous aneurysms, 185
abdominal, 191, 190–193, 192
denition, 185
etiology and pathophysiology,
185–186
lower extremity, 186–188, 187, 188
management, 186–193
upper extremity, internal jugular, and thoracic,
189–190, 189
Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS), 40, 50,
57, 58, 63
venous hypertension, 109
venous imaging
CTV, 15–16
IVUS, 14–15, 15, 17–18
MRV, 16–17
venography, 11–13, 13, 17–18
venous insufciency, 8
continuous wave Doppler exam, 8
pulse wave Doppler/duplex exam, 8
venous leg ulcer (VLU), 23, 25
venous obstruction, CVI, 23
non-thrombotic obstruction, 24
thrombotic obstruction, 23–24
venous reux, 22–23
venous restoration
endovascular approach, 261
open reconstruction, 260–261
venous stents, 147–148
venous thoracic outlet syndrome (VTOS), 224,
225
anatomy, 255, 255–256, 256
bones, 256
clinical diagnosis, 257
compressive elements, 255
denition, 254
Index 275
muscles, 256, 256
surgical decompression, 258–260
surgical management, 258–260
transaxillary rst rib resection, 259
venous thromboembolism (VTE), 58
complications, 210–211
diagnosis, 205–208, 207, 207, 209
duration of treatment, 209–210
epidemiology, 203
rst line of treatment, 206
new novel therapies, 211
pathogenesis, 204–205
risk factors, 203–204
treatment, 206–208, 207, 207, 209
vessel wall inammation, 23
visual analog scale (VAS), 160–161
VTE-BLEED score, 209
W
Wells score, 205
wound care, 114–115
Y
yellow nail syndrome, 123