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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_1093_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
GLOSSARY
SIADH syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion
SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome
SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
SOA swelling of ankles
SOB shortness of breath
SOL space occupying lesion(s)
swelling of the leg
SVC superior vena cava
TB tuberculosis
TCC transitional cell carcinoma
TEDS thromboembolic deterrent stockings
TFTs thyroid function tests
TOE trans-oesophageal echo
tPA tissue plasminogen activator
TR tricuspid regurgitation
TRH thyrotropin releasing hormone
TSH thyroxine stimulating hormone
thyroid stimulating hormone
T3 triiodothyronine
T4 free thyroxine
UC ulcerative colitis
U&Es urea and electrolytes
UMN upper motor neurone
URTI upper respiratory tract infection
UTI urinary tract infection
Va D vascular dementia
VC vital capacity
VSD ventricular septal defect
WCC white cell count
WHO World Health Organization
WPW Wolff-Parkinson-White
214
Index
absence seizures 5
achalasia 54
acute confusional states 6–7
acute coronary syndromes (ACS) 27–9
acute liver failure 65–6
acute polycystic kidney disease (APKD)
72–3
acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS) 50
acute stridor 40
akinetic-rigid syndromes 12
alcoholic liver disease (ALD) 62
alpha-1 anti-trypsin defi ciency 64
Alport’s syndrome 73
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) 5–6
angina 27–9
anisocoria 18
anterior horn cell disease 22
aortic regurgitation 33–4
aortic stenosis 33–4
aphasia 14
arrhythmias 31–3
atrial fibrillation (AF) 31–2
atrial fl utter 32
heart block 33
sinus bradycardia 32
sinus node disease 32
sinus tachycardia 31
supraventricular tachycardias 32
arterial blood gases 51
asbestos exposure 47
ascites 61
asthma 41–3
occupational 47
atrial fibrillation (AF) 31–2
atrial fl utter 32
atrial septal defect 36
Barrett’s oesophagus 54
Bartter’s syndrome 72
Bell’s palsy 19
benign intracranial hypertension 11
bile duct obstructions 60–1
biliary cirrhosis 64
bradycardias 33
brain tumours 8
breathlessness 40
Broca’s aphasia 14
bronchiectasis 44–5
bronchoscopy 52
Budd-Chiari syndrome 62
cardiac arrest 37–8
cardiac disorders
arrhythmias 31–3
cardiomyopathies 35–6
congenital heart disease 36–7
heart failure (HF) 29–30
hypertension (HT) 30–1
infective endocarditis (IE) 34–5
ischaemic heart disease (IHD) 27–9
pericardial diseases 36
valvular heart disease 33–4
cardiac emergency procedures 37–8
cardiac interventions 38
cardiac investigations 38
cardiogenic shock 38
cardiomyopathies 35–6
carotid dissection 9
carpal tunnel syndrome 24
215
INDEX
cauda equina syndrome 21–2
central venous catheter insertion 75
cerebellar disease 15–16
cerebral venous sinus thrombosis 9
cerebrovascular disease 8–10
stroke 8–10
chest pain, differential diagnosis 28
cholangitis, primary sclerosing 64
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) 40–1
cirrhosis 61–2
cluster headaches 10
coarctation of the aorta 37
coeliac disease 57
common cold 39
concussion 7
conduction aphasia 14
constipation 58
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease) 40–1
cor pulmonale 50
coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
38
CPR (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation)
37–8
cranial nerve disorders 16–20
causes 19
examination 16–17
eye movement disorders 18–19
optic neuritis 17
pupillary abnormalities 18
seventh nerve palsy 19
trigeminal neuralgia 19
visual field defects 17–18
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) 6
Crohn’s disease 58–9
CSF analysis 26
CT scans
lung biopsies 52
neurological investigations 26
cystic fi brosis 44–5
delirium 6–7
dementia 5–6
reversible causes 6
dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) 6
dermatomyositis 25
diarrhoea 57–8
dizziness 16
duodenal ulcers 55–6
dysarthria 14
dyskinesias 12
dysphagia 53
dysphasia 14
ECGs 38
echocardiography 38
electrolyte disturbances 74
empyema 46
encephalitis 12
endocarditis 34–5
epilepsy 4–5
exercise tolerance test (ETT) 38
extradural haematoma 7
eye movement disorders 18–19
Fallot’s tetralogy 37
Fanconi syndrome 72
flow volume loops 51, 52
foot drop 22–3
frontotemporal lobar degeneration
(FTLD) 6
gastric carcinoma 56
gastric ulcers 55–6
gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)
55
gastroenterology
acute liver failure 65–6
alcoholic liver disease (ALD) 62
ascites 61
autoimmune hepatitis 63
chronic hepatitis 62
cirrhosis 61–2
coeliac disease 57
constipation 58
diarrhoea 57–8
hepatosplenomegaly 65
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
58–9
jaundice 60–1
malabsorption 57
metabolic liver disease 63–4
oesophageal disorders 53–5
other liver diseases 64–5
stomach disorders 55–6
216
INDEX
upper gastrointestinal bleeds 56–7
Gitelman’s syndrome 72
glomerulonephritides 69
gluten-sensitive enteropathy 57
‘grand mal’ seizures 4–5
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) 23
HACEK organisms 35
haemochromatosis 63–4
head injuries 7–8
headache 10–11
heart block 33
heart failure (HF) 29–30
hepatic encephalopathy 65
hepatitis
autoimmune 63
chronic 62
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 64–5
hepatomegaly 65
hepatosplenomegaly 65
hiatus hernia 54
Horner’s syndrome 18
Huntington’s disease 13
hyperkalaemia 74–5
hypernatraemia 74
hypertension 30–1
hypokalaemia 74
hyponatraemia 74
idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)
11
infective endocarditis 34–5
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 58–9
influenza virus types A and B 39–40
interstitial lung disease 47–8
intracerebral haemorrhage 7–8
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 59
ischaemic heart disease (IHD) 27–9
jaundice 60–1
Kernig’s sign 11
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
(LEMS) 24–5
Liddle’s syndrome 72
liver disorders
acute liver failure 65–6
alpha-1 anti-trypsin defi ciency 64
cirrhosis 61–2
haemochromatosis 63–4
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 64–5
hepatosplenomegaly 65
jaundice 60–1
primary biliary cirrhosis 64
primary sclerosing cholangitis 64
Wilson’s disease 63
Löfgren’s syndrome 48
lower motor neurone (LMN) signs 3–4
lung abscesses 46–7
lung biopsies 52
lung cancer 48–50
malabsorption
57
meningitis 11–12
investigations 26
metabolic acidosis 73
metabolic alkalosis 74
metabolic liver disease 63–4
migraine 10
miosis 18
mitral regurgitation 33–4
mitral stenosis 33–4
motor disorders, neurological examination
3–4
motor neurone disease (MND) 4, 22
movement disorders 12–13
Huntington’s disease 13
Parkinson’s disease (PD) 12–13
MRI, neurological investigations 26
multiple sclerosis (MS) 14–15
multisystem disease 25
muscle disorders 25–6
causes 25
clinical signs 4
myotonic dystrophy 25
polymyositis 25
myasthenia gravis 19–20, 24
mydriasis 18
myocardial infarction 27–9
myocarditis 36
myotonia 25
myotonic dystrophy 25
nephrocalcinosis 72
nephrotic syndrome 71
217
INDEX
nerve palsies 19–20
nerve root disease 22
neurological conditions
acute confusional states 6–7
anterior horn cell disease 22
brain tumours 8
cerebellar disease 15–16
cerebrovascular disease 8–10
cranial nerve disorders 16–20
dementia 5–6
disorders of the spine 20–2
dizziness 16
epilepsy 4–5
head ache 10–11
head injuries 7–8
movement disorders 12–13
multiple sclerosis 14–15
muscle disorders 25–6
nerve root diseases 22
neuromuscular junction disorders
24–5
peripheral neuropathies 23–4
plexus disease 22–3
single nerve root lesions 24
speech disorders 14
unconscious patients 7
neurological examination 3–4
neurological investigations 26
neuromuscular junction (NMJ) disorders
24–5
examination and signs 3–4
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
(LEMS) 24–5
myasthenia gravis 19–20, 24
Nissen fundoplication 55
NSTEMI (non ST elevation MI) 27–9
occupational lung diseases 47–8
oesophageal disorders 53–5
achalasia 54
Barrett’s oesophagus 54
carcinoma 53–4
dysphagia 53
GORD 55
hiatus hernia 54
pharyngeal pouch 55
Plummer-Vinson syndrome 55
stricture 55
optic neuritis 17
papilloedema 19
Parkinson’s disease (PD) 12–13
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) 36–7
pattern recognition, neurological
conditions 3–4
peak exploratory flow rate 52
peptic ulcer disease 55–6
percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
38
pericardial effusion 36
pericarditis 36
peripheral neuropathies 23–4
peroneal neuropathy 24
‘petit mal’ seizures 5
pharyngeal pouch 55
pharyngitis 39
‘Pick’s disease’ 6
plexus disease 22
Plummer-Vinson syndrome 55
pneumonia 43–4
pneumothorax 46–7
poliomyelitis 22
polycystic kidney disease
adult 72–3
autosomal recessive 73
polymyositis 25
portal hypertension 62
potassium disturbances 74
primary biliary cirrhosis 64
proprioception 4
pulmonary embolism (PE) 45–6
pulmonary fi brosis 47–8
pulmonary oedema 30
pupillary abnormalities 18
pyramidal weakness 4
raised intracranial pressure (ICP) 8
refl exes 4
renal disorders
acid-base balance 73–4
acute renal failure 67–9
chronic renal failure (CRF) 69–71
electrolyte disturbances 74
inherited conditions 72–3
nephrotic syndrome 71
renal tubular diseases 72
218
INDEX
renal emergencies 74–5
renal investigations 74–5
renal screen 68
renal tubular acidosis (RTA) 72
respiratory acidosis 73
respiratory alkalosis 74
respiratory diseases
asthma 41–3
bronchiectasis 44–5
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) 40–1
cor pulmonale 50
interstitial lung disease 47–8
occupational disorders 47–8
pneumonia 43–4
pulmonary embolism (PE) 45–6
pulmonary fi brosis 47–8
sarcoidosis 48
shortness of breath 40
upper respiratory tract infections
39–40
respiratory emergencies 50
respiratory investigations 51–2
rheumatic fever 35
salt defi ciencies 74
sarcoidosis 48
seizures 4–5
sensory disorders, neurological
examination 4
seventh nerve palsy 19
shortness of breath 40
sick sinus syndrome 33
silicosis berylliosis 47–8
sinus bradycardias 33
sinus node disease 33
sinus tachycardia 31
sodium disturbances 74
speech disorders 14
spinal cord compression 21
spinal cord disease 4
spinal cord lesions 20–1
spinothalamic tract 4
spirometry 52
splenomegaly 65
status epilepticus 5
stomach disorders
peptic ulcer disease 55–6
upper gastrointestinal bleeds 56–7
stridor, acute 40
stroke
haemorrhage 8–10
infarction 8
subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) 7,
9–10
subdural haematoma 7
supraventricular tachycardias 32
syringomyelia 21
tachycardias 31–2
temporal lobe seizures 5
tension pneumothorax 46
tension-type headaches 11
tonic-clonic seizures 4–5
touch 4
transposition of the great arteries 37
trigeminal autonomic cephalgias 10–11
trigeminal neuralgia 19
tuberous sclerosis (TS) 73
ulcerative colitis (UC) 59
ulnar neuropathy 24
unconscious patients 7
upper gastrointestinal bleeds 56–7
upper motor neurone (UMN) signs 3–4
upper respiratory disease 39–40
urine dipstick 75
urine microscopy 75
valvular heart disease 33–4
vascular dementia (VaD) 6
ventricular septal defect 36
vibration 4
visual field defects 17–18
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease 73
Wernicke’s aphasia 14
Wilson’s disease 63
219