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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5367_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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246 Index
https://t.me/medicina_free
LDH, see Lactate dehydrogenase
Leguminosae family, 99
Levodopa, 233
Limonoids, 29, 119–120
Linoleic acid (LA), 28
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 63, 191
Liposomes-based drug delivery systems,
LMICs, see Low- and middle-income countries
Lobeline, 63
Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), 2
LPS, see Lipopolysaccharide
LSD, see Lysergic acid diethylamide
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 98
Lysine methylation, 117
136–137
M
Maceration, 40
Machine learning approaches in natural product
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 3
Magniferin, 230
Main excitatory amino acid, 87
Major depressive disorder (MDD), 83
Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, 8
Mandookaparni, see Centella asiatica
MAO, see Monoamine oxidase
MAO-B enzyme, see Monoamine oxidase
MAOI-A, see Monoamine oxidase A inhibitors
MAPK, see Mitogen-activated protein kinases
Mass spectroscopy (MS), 53
Matricaria chamomilla L., 103
Matricaria recutita L., 119
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP 9), 65, 171
MCAO model of stroke, see Middle cerebral
MDA levels, see Malondialdehyde levels
MDD, see Major depressive disorder
MECP2 gene, 117
Medicinal herbs, medical properties of, 13
Medicinal plants, neuroprotective effects of, 7
drug discovery and development,
213–214
B enzyme
artery occlusion model of stroke
Angelica Archangelica L. (Umbelliferae), 10
Bacopa Monniera (Brahmi), 8
Centella asiatica (mandookaparni), 8–9
Commiphora Whighitti (Burseraceae), 11
Coriandrum sativum (coriander), 10
Crocus sativus, 7–8
Curcuma Longa (Haldi), 9
Ferula Assafoetida (asafoetida), 9
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae), 11
Melissa ofcinalis L. (Lamiaceae), 11
Nigella sativa, 8
Santalum album (chandan),
Shankhpushpi, 10
9
Thymus vulgaris (t hyme), 9–10
Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), 8
Melia toosendan, 29, 119
Melissa ofcinalis L., 11, 88
Memantine, 190
Metallothionein-III (MT-III) gene, 189 –190
1-Methly-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
1-Methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene, 10
Methylguanine-DNA methyl transferase
MGMT, see Methylguanine-DNA methyl
Microwave-assisted extraction, 42
Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), 32, 59
MMP 9, see Matrix metalloproteinase 9
Molecular mechanisms associated with benecial
Molecular sieve chromatography (MSC), see Size
Monoamine oxidase (MAO), 189, 191
Monoamine oxidase A inhibitors (MAOI-A), 96
Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) enzyme, 9
Monoamine theory, 189
Monocytes, 6
Monounsaturated fatty acids, 28
MPE, see Mulberry polyphenol extracts
MPTP, see 1-Methly-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-
MRI, see Magnetic resonance imaging
MS, see Mass spectroscopy; Multiple sclerosis
MT-III gene, see Metallothionein-III gene
Mulberry polyphenol extracts (MPE), 210
Multiple sclerosis (MS), 1, 6, 116, 126, 128, 129
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 208
Myricetin, 212
(MPTP), 60, 193–194
(MGMT), 162
transferase
of stroke, 59
effects of phytochemicals, 222–223
exclusion chromatography
tetrahydropyridine
N
Nanobioremediation, 153
Nanodrug delivery of natural compounds, 11–13
Nanobers, 138, 153
Nanoformulations, 133, 134
Nanotechnology application in
Natural compounds, nanodrug delivery of, 11–13
Natural killer (NK) cells, 228
Naturally derived phytoconstituents,
Natural plant products, phytochemical
neurophytomedicine, 152–154, 154
bioactivities of
carotenoids (CT), 211–212
avonoids,
polyphenols, 210
saponin, 210–211
212–213
constituents of, 206–207
247Index
https://t.me/medicina_free
Natural product drug discovery and development
deep learning approaches in, 214–215
machine learning approaches in, 213 –214
Natural products, 55
ND, see Neurodegenerative diseases
NDs, see Neurological disorders
NE, see Noradrenaline
Neurodegeneration, 6, 56
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND), 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 7,
Neurohormesis, 155
Neurohormetic phytochemicals regulating
Neurological disorders (NDs), 1, 7, 114, 187
Neurological disorders, phyto-nanotechnology
21, 22, 39, 126–128
anx iety, 22–23
attention decit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), 23
dementia, 24
depression, 23
epilepsy, 24
excitotoxicity, 24
phytochemicals protecting
neuroinammation in, 226–227
schizophrenia, 24
treatment of, 128–131
immune function, 227–228
epidemiological examinations of, 2
epigenetic mechanism of, 116 –117
global burden of, 2–3
mechanism, 114
Alzheimer’s disease, 116
autism, 115
multiple sclerosis, 116
Parkinson’s disease, 116
sickle cell disease (SCD), 115–116
medical treatment strategies for, 6
pathophysiology of, 3
Alzheimer’s disease, 4–5
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 5
Huntington’s disease, 5–6
multiple sclerosis (MS), 6
Parkinson’s disease, 5
phytochemicals for, 117
apigenin, 119
berberine, 118
curcumin, 118–119
epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), 118
limonoids, 119 –120
resveratrol, 119
therapeutic approach to, through
neurophytomedicine, 148–152
in, 125
current pros and future scope, 138–139
neurodegenerative disease, 126–128
neurodegenerative diseases, treatment of,
128–131
phyto-neuro medicine, recent trends of,
131
carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and
nanobers, 138
green synthesized nanoparticles,
137–138
liposomes-based drug delivery systems,
136–137
polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), 136
protein-based nanoparticles, 133–136
Neurological medications, drug reaction to, 233
Neuronal degeneration, 1
Neuropeptide-Y, 87
Neuroprotection, 21
mechanism of action of phytochemicals with
respect to, 31–32
Neuroprotective alkaloids
atropine, 57
berberine, 58–59
boldine, 60
caffeine, 60
future prospects, 67–73
galantamine, 60–61
harmine, 61–62
huperzine, 62–63
koumine, 63
lobeline, 63
papaverine, 64
piperine, 64–65
protopine, 65
17 oxo sparteine, 64
skimmianine, 65–66
solasodine, 66
structure of, 58
synthetic and semi-synthetic derivatives of, 67
tomatine and tomatidine, 66
trigonelline, 66–67
vincamine, 67
Neuroprotective mechanisms, 227
Neuroprotective potentials of phytochemicals,
21, 25
alkaloids, 27
allium and allicin, 31
berberine, 28–29
curcumin, 30 –31
fatty acids, 28
avonoids, 26–27
hypericin and pseudohypericin, 30
limonoids, 29
mechanism of action of phytochemicals
with respect to neuroprotection,
31–32
neurodegenerative diseases (ND), 22
anx iety, 22–23
attention decit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), 23
dementia, 24
depression, 23
epilepsy, 24
248 Index
https://t.me/medicina_free
excitotoxicity, 24
schizophrenia, 24
neuroprotective potential of
phytochemicals, 25
alkaloids, 27
allium and allicin, 31
berberine, 28–29
curcumin, 30 –31
fatty acids, 28
avonoids, 26–27
hypericin and pseudohypericin, 30
limonoids, 29
phenols and polyphenols, 25–26
resveratrol, 31
sulforaphane, 29–30
terpenoids, 27–28
phenols and polyphenols, 25–26
resveratrol, 31
sulforaphane, 29–30
terpenoids, 27–28
Neuroprotectors, 4
Neuropsychiatric disorders, phytoconstituents
in, 83
for anxiety, 87–88
for depression, 88–98
for insomnia, 103
for neuropsychiatric disorders and their
mechanism of action, 89–95
for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD),
101–103
for psychosis, 98–101
for stress-related disorders, 83–87
Neurotoxicity, 28
Nigella sativa, 8
5-Nitrohesperetin, 32
NK cells, see Natural killer cells
NLR family pyrin domain containing 3
(NLRP3), 62
NLRP3, see NLR family pyrin domain
containing 3
NM DA, see N-methyl-D aspartate
N-methyl-D aspartate (NMDA), 61, 87
NMR, see Nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy
Noradrenaline (NE), 87
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
(NMR), 52–53
O
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), 23, 83
phytoconstituents used for, 101–103
OCD, see Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Ocimum sanctum L., 88
OGD, see Oxygen-glucose deprivation
OHDA, see 6-Hydroxydopamine
Oncogenic signalling, 164, 171
OS, see Oxidative stress
Oxidative stress (OS), 3, 4, 5, 8
Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), 59
P
P450 cytochromes, 171
Panax ginseng, 86, 231
Panic disorder, 23
PANS S, see Positive and negative syndrome scale
Papaverine, 64
Paper chromatography (PC), 39, 48–49
Parkinson’s disease (PD), 1, 3, 5, 39, 60–61, 116,
126, 129, 229
eugenol in, 193–194
Partition chromatography, 47
Passiora incarnata L., 103
PC, see Paper chromatography
PD, see Parkinson’s disease
PEF extraction, see Pulsed electric eld
extraction
Peganum harmala, 61
Pelargonidin-3-glucoside, 27
Perceived stress scale (PSS), 85
Percolation, 41
PET, see Positron emission tomography
Phenochromocytoma cells, 27
Phenolics, 21
Phenols, 25–26
Phobias, 23
Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3),
207–208
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), 32
Phytochemical components, 1
Phytochemical constituents of natural plant
products, 206–207
Phytochemicals, 21, 24–25, 38, 150
and biphasic dose responses, 234
epigenetic modications of, 120–121
extraction, 39, 40
accelerated solvent extraction, 43
cold extraction, 41– 42
decoction, 41
deep eutectic solvents, 43
digestion, 41
infusion, 4 0 –41
maceration, 40
microwave-assisted extraction, 42
percolation, 41
pressurized liquid extraction (PLE),
43– 44
pulsed electric eld (PEF) extraction, 44
soxhlet extraction, 42
supercritical uid extraction, 43
ultrasound-assisted extraction, 42
fractionation and purication techniques, 44
chromatographic techniques, 46–48
249Index
https://t.me/medicina_free
fractional crystallization, 46
fractional distillation, 45–46
fractional liberation, 46
separation funnel technique, 45
sublimation, 46
types of chromatography, 48–50
future direction, 14
herbs, medicinal properties of, 13
identication of, 50, 51
infrared (IR) spectroscopy, 52
mass spectroscopy (MS), 53
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
(NMR), 52–53
UV–visible spectroscopy, 51–52
issues concerning the use of, 233
mechanism of action with respect to
neuroprotection, 31–32
medicinal plants, neuroprotective effects
of, 7
Angelica Archangelica L.
(Umbelliferae), 10
Bacopa Monniera (Brahmi), 8
Centella asiatica (mandookaparni), 8–9
Commiphora Whighitti (Burseraceae), 11
Coriandrum sativum (coriander), 10
Crocus sativus, 7–8
Curcuma Longa (Haldi), 9
Ferula Assafoetida (asafoetida), 9
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae), 11
Melissa ofcinalis L. (Lamiaceae), 11
Nigella sativa, 8
Santalum album (chandan), 9
Shankhpushpi, 10
Thymus vulgaris (t hyme), 9–10
Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), 8
molecular mechanisms associated with
benecial effects of, 222–223
natural compounds, nanodrug delivery of,
11–13
and neurohormetics, 226
hormesis-induced memory performance,
228–229
hormetic studies, 229–232
neurohormetic phytochemicals regulating
immune function, 227–228
neurological medications, drug reaction
to, 233
neuroprotective mechanisms, 227
neurological disorders (NDs), 117
apigenin, 119
berberine, 118
curcumin, 118–119
epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), 118
global burden of, 2–3
limonoids, 119 –120
medical treatment strategies for, 6
resveratrol, 119
neurological disorders (NDs),
pathophysiology of, 3
Alzheimer’s disease, 4–5
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 5
Huntington’s disease, 5–6
multiple sclerosis (MS), 6
Parkinson’s disease, 5
neuroprotective potential of, 25
alkaloids, 27
allium and allicin, 31
berberine, 28–29
curcumin, 30 –31
fatty acids, 28
avonoids, 26–27
hypericin and pseudohypericin, 30
limonoids, 29
phenols and polyphenols, 25–26
resveratrol, 31
sulforaphane, 29–30
terpenoids, 27–28
plant material, preliminary preparation of, 39
protecting neuroinammation in
neurodegenerative diseases, 226–227
in the regulation of biochemical activities
adaptive responses, stimulation of,
223–224
antibacterial and antiviral effect, 225–226
antioxidant and anti-inammatory
effects, 224
DNA methylation, 224
enzyme activities, modulation of, 223
immune system, stimulation of, 225
tumour suppressor genes, induction of, 225
and treatment of neurological diseases, 151
Phytoconstituents
for anxiety, 87–88
for depression, 88
anti-neuroinammatory
phytoconstituents, 97–98
hypothalamuspituitary-adrenal axis (HPA
ax is), 97–98
kynurenine pathway, inhibition of, 98
monoamine oxidase a inhibitors
(MAOI-A), 96
for insomnia, 103
for neuropsychiatric disorders and their
mechanism of action, 89–95
for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD),
101–103
for psychosis, 98–101
for stress-related disorders, 83–87
Phytomedicine in disease control, 156–158
Phyto-nanoformulations, 135
Phyto-nanomedicine, role of, 128–131
Phyto-nanotechnology in neurological
disorders, 125
current pros and future scope, 138–139
250 Index
https://t.me/medicina_free
neurodegenerative disease, 126–128
neurodegenerative diseases, treatment of,
128–131
phyto-neuro medicine, recent trends of, 131
carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and
nanobers, 138
green synthesized nanoparticles,
137–138
liposomes-based drug delivery systems,
136–137
polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), 136
protein-based nanoparticles, 133–136
Phyto-neuro medicine, recent trends of, 131
carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and
nanobers, 138
green synthesized nanoparticles, 137–138
liposomes-based drug delivery systems,
136–137
polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), 136
protein-based nanoparticles, 133–136
Phytopharmaceutical Drug, 180
Phytopharmaceuticals, regulatory aspect
of, 180
Phytotherapy, see Herbal medicine
PI3K, see Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase
PIP3, see Phosphatidylinositol-trisphosphate
Piperine, 64–65
PKC, see Protein kinase C
Plant material, preliminary preparation of, 39
PLE, see Pressurized liquid extraction
PNPs, see Polymeric nanoparticles
Polymeric nano-micelles, 12
Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), 136
Polyphenolic substances, 21
Polyphenols, 25–26, 210
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), 28
Positive and negative syndrome scale
(PANSS), 10 0
Positron emission tomography (PET), 3
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 23
Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), 43–44
Protective intervention, application of
neurophytomedicine for, 145
application of biotechnology for better
use of neurophytomedicine,
154–155, 156
application of nanotechnology in
neurophytomedicine, 152–154, 154
application of phytomedicine in human
medical care, 146–148
future prospective of phytomedicine in
disease control, 156–158, 157
therapeutic approach to neurological
diseases through neurophytomedicine,
148 –152
Protein-based nanoparticles, 133–136
Protein kinase C (PKC), 26, 32, 118
Protopine, 65
Pseudohypericin, 30
Pseudopalisades, 163
PSS, see Perceived stress scale
Psychosis, 83
Psychosis, phytoconstituents used for, 98–101
see Posttraumatic stress disorder
PTSD,
PUFAs, see Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Pulicaria undulata, 138
Pulsed electric eld (PEF) extraction, 44
Q
QSAR study, see Quantitative structure activity
Quantitative structure activity relationship
Quercetin, 25, 27, 172–173, 230
Quinpirole-induced OCD, 102
relationship study
(QSAR) study, 213
structure of, 172
R
Rapid sedation, 99
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), 118, 130,
Resveratrol, 12, 31, 119, 170–172, 222, 225,
Rett syndrome, 117
Rhodiola rosea, 97, 209
Rhynchophylline (RIN), 132
RIN, see Rhynchophylline
ROS, see Reactive oxygen species
170, 190
227, 229
structure of, 170
S
SAD, see Social anxiety disorder
S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), 224
Saffron, 7
Salidroside, 97
SAM, see S-adenosylmethionine
SAM axis, see Sympathetic-adrenomedullary
Santalum album (chandan), 9
Saponins, 21, 152, 210–211
SAS, see Sympathoadrenal system
SCD, see Sickle cell disease
Schizophrenia (SZ), 24, 83, 230
Sclareol-treated PD mouse models, 215
Scutellaria baicalensis, 100
SEC, see Size exclusion chromatography
Selective serotonin receptor inhibitors
Separation funnel technique, 45
axis
neurohormetic phytochemicals reducing
symptoms of, 230
(SSRIs), 189
251Index
https://t.me/medicina_free
Serotonergic dysfunction, 87
Serotonin, 87
Serotonin noradrenaline receptor inhibitors
(SN R Is), 189
Sesquiterpenes, 27
17 Oxo Sparteine, 64
Shankhpushpi, 10
Sickle cell disease (SCD), 115–116
Size exclusion chromatography (SEC), 48
Skimmianine, 65–66
SND, see Stroke-induced secondary
neurodegeneration
SNRIs, see Serotonin noradrenaline receptor
inhibitors
Social anxiety disorder (SAD), 23
SOD, see Superoxide dismutase
SOD1 antioxidant system, see Superoxide
dismutase 1 antioxidant system
Solasodine, 66
Soxhlet extraction, 42
SPD, see Stephalidine
Spondias mombin, 211
SSRIs, see Selective serotonin receptor
inhibitors
Stephalidine (SPD), 100
Stephania intermedia, 100
Steroids, 21
Streptozotocin (SZT), 132
Stress, 83, 85
Stress-related disorders
eugenol in, 194–195
phytoconstituents for, 83–87
Stroke, 61
eugenol for the treatment of, 195–196
Stroke-induced secondary neurodegeneration
(SND), 1
Sublimation, 46
Sulforaphane, 29–30, 227
Supercritical uid extraction, 43
Superoxide dismutase (SOD), 65, 132
Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) antioxidant
system, 5
Sympathetic-adrenomedullary axis
(SAM axis), 83
Sympathoadrenal system (SAS), 194
Syzygium aromaticum, 193
SZ, see Schizophrenia
SZT, see Streptozotocin
T
Tau hyperphosphorylation, 59
TBI, see Traumatic brain injury
Temozolomide (TMZ), 162, 166 –168,
169, 170
Terminalia arjuna, 131
Terpenoids, 21, 27–28
Tetrahydrocannabinol, 230
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), 39
TH-positive cells, see Tyrosine hydroxylase-
positive cells
3α-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase
(3α-HSOR), 63
Thyme, see Thymus vulgaris
Thymoquinone (TQ), 132
Thymus vulgaris (t hyme), 9–10
TLC, see Thin-layer chromatography
TMZ, see Temozolomide
TNF-α, see Tumour necrosis factor-alpha
Tomatidine, 66
Tomatine, 66
Tot al ginseng panax saponins (TSPG), 86
TQ, see Thymoquinone
Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels,
31, 32
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), 61
eugenol in, 196
Trigonelline, 66–67
trkB signaling, see Tyrosine-protein kinase
signaling
TRP ion channels, see Transient receptor
potential ion channels
TSPG, see Tot a l ginseng panax saponins
Tumour cells, 170
Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),
97, 225
Tumour suppressor genes, induction of, 225
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells, 118
Tyrosine-protein kinase (trkB) signaling, 62
, 49
U
Ultrasound-assisted extraction, 42
Umbelliferae, 10
UV–visible spectroscopy, 51–52
V
Valepotriates, 27
Valeriana ofcinalis L., 103
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
Vegetables, phytochemicals in, 1
VEGF expression, see Vascular endothelial
Vincamine, 67
Vinpocetine, 27
Viola odorata L., 103
Vitex negundo L., 10 0
expression, 163
growth factor expression
W
Whatman lter paper, 41
Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), 8
252 Index
https://t.me/medicina_free
WM, see Working memory
Woodward–Fieser rules, 51
Working memory (WM), 101
X
Xiaxuming decoction (XXMD), 213
Y
Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale
(Y-BOCS), 102–103
Y-B O C S , see Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive
scale
Yokukansan, 100
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