Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5367_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана

A group of developmental disabilities characterized by stereotyped behaviors, lim­ited interest, and abnormal social interaction and communication is termed to be autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (Won et al. 2013). Kanner was the rst to describe autism based on the observation of 11 children who appeared with “severe loneliness from the very beginning of life, not responding to anything that comes to them from the outside world” as the earliest case. He suggested that childhood schizophrenia could be caused by the behavioral concoction of autism, obsession, stereotypy, and echolalia (Kanner 1943). Autism was termed “infantile autism” in 1980, “autism disease” in 1987, and, more recently, “autism” or the umbrella term “ASD” from Kanner’s diagnosis of “childhood or early-onset schizophrenia.” It is commonly recognized that ASD is a condition with signicant hereditary components on the basis of several research studies that have been conducted to elucidate the patho­genic mechanisms underlying ASD. The concordance rates for autism in monozy­gotic twins can outstretch up to 90%, and in dizygotic twins, it can reach up to 10% (Abrahams and Geschwind 2008).