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Файл:Антарктида (3 сем, мага) / MEPhI_LDB_talk_7_09_2023
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CREAM tests at the WFF, NASA
Solar panels are mounted
7th September 2023 LDB Astrophysics in Antarctica 21
Instrument operation concept using SIP
S
SIP
TDRSS
F
C
3 RS232c
FC1
1
RS232c
Switch
FC2
IRIDIUM
S
F
LOS
C
2
CREAM / BACCUS payload
Satellite
(TDRSS or
IRIDIUM)
LOS
3 RS232c
CREAM SEI
CSBF OCC/ROCC
UMD/ICE SOC
Slide courtesy of M.H.Kim
7th September 2023 LDB Astrophysics in Antarctica 22
Flight Requirements
q
q
q
q
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Altitude: minimum 108,000’, desired 124,000' or higher (no maximum)
Altitude stability: minimum above 110,000' 70% of time, desired +/-5000'
Duration: min. required 6 days, desired 50 days (designed for > 100 days)
Telemetry: min. HSK data in real time + recovery of data, desired full science data
transfer near real time ( > 50 kbps)
Commanding: min. required periodic adjustment of the instrument by command uplink
with command sequences and occasional parameter file uploading, desired 10 bytes
per second delivery to science flight computer. Command bit error rate ≤ 1 ×
10-6.
Date
7th September 2023 LDB Astrophysics in Antarctica 23
CREAM-VI launch in Antarctica
2010-2011 season
on the launch vehicle
The CREAM-VI instrument before launch
7th September 2023 LDB Astrophysics in Antarctica 24
During ascend, in flight
.
CREAM event display
Charge-ID: 26 (Fe)
Energy deposit: 105 GeV
Primary particle reconstructed energy: 70 TeV
7th September 2023 LDB Astrophysics in Antarctica 25
CREAM-II mission
Elemental Spectra over 4 decades in Energy
CREAM results span ~ 4 orders in energy: ~ 10 GeV to ~ 100 TeV
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Elemental spectral shape/fluxes agree with previous measurements
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H.S. Ahn et al. (ApJL. 714, L89-L93,2010) H.S. Ahn et al. (ApJ. 707, 593-603, 2009 )
7th September 2023 LDB Astrophysics in Antarctica 26
Discrepant hardening of spectra
Different spectra in proton and Helium
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Discrepant hardening of all the observed spectra above ~ 200 GeV/n
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: AMS :JACEE : BESS
◊: ATIC-2 : RUNJOB
: CAPRICE98 ●: CREAM
-2.66±0.02
E
: AMS : BESS
◊: ATIC-2 : JACEE
: RUNJOB ●: CREAM
: Carbon Oxygen
: Neon :
Magnesium
: Silicon : Iron
-2.58±0.02
E
−2.77 ± 0.03
E
−2.56 ± 0.04
E
H.S. Ahn et al. (ApJL. 714, L89-L93, 2010)Y.S. Yoon et al. (ApJ. 728, 122-129, 2011)
7th September 2023 LDB Astrophysics in Antarctica 27
CREAM-VI recovery after the flight
In the middle of nowhere…
The instrument landed on high Antarctic plateau.
7th September 2023 LDB Astrophysics in Antarctica 28
History of cosmic rays in the Galaxy?
Measurements of the relative abundances of
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secondary cosmic rays (e.g., B/C) in addition
to the energy spectra of primary nuclei will
allow determination of the cosmic-ray source
spectra at energies, where measurements are
not currently available.
B/C ratio at these high energies to distinguish
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among the propagation models:
where Xe : Escape length, R : Rigidity.
H. Ahn et al., Astrpart. Phys., 30/3, 133-141, 2008
BACCUS to improve this region
7th September 2023 LDB Astrophysics in Antarctica 29
BACCUS (CREAM-VII) instrument
Boron And Carbon Cosmic rays in the Upper Stratosphere (BACCUS)
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instrument is designed to study the ~1010 eV ≤ E ≤ ~10
rays with a series of balloon flights, mainly focusing on the Boron to Carbon
(B/C) ratio measurement.
Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) measures the energy of incident cosmic
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ion above the TR generation threshold (for ions with Z > 3, E > 600 GeV/n)
in a model independent way. The measurement requires knowledge of the
ion charge.
Complementary systems to measure incident particle charge (1 ≤ Z ≤ 26):
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15
eV charged cosmic
§
Timing Charge Detector uses time-structure of events to avoid back-scatter
noise, charge resolution ~ 0.3 e.
§
Dual layer Silicon-pixel Charge Detector provides >98% coverage with
nearly all particles measured in both layers, charge resolution ~ 0.2 e.
§
Cherenkov Camera measures charges of highly relativistic nuclei, resolution
~0.2 e.
§
Cherenkov Detector , mainly to veto low energy charged particles, also
measures incident particle charge with lower charge resolution.
All detectors have been flown in at least four of six flights except the TRD.
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No changes needed in common electronics or interface to SIP.
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7th September 2023 LDB Astrophysics in Antarctica 30
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