Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_198_библиотеки_им_акад_М_И_Перельмана

Burned skin shows a cooler temperature than healthy skin, and pigment appears differently through the scar tissue depending on the degree of the burn. This must be taken into consideration when choosing the right colour mixture. The medical tattooing process, performed under asep­tic/sterile conditions, inserts pigment into the der­mis, which requires the use of an electric tattoo machine. The ink is inserted using disposable single or a group of needles that are soldered on a bar attached to an oscillating unit. The needles are driven in and out of the skin 80–150 times per sec­ond. Needle speed and frequency are crucial when performing medical tattooing treatments to suit the different structures and tolerance of the skin. Needle selection is a critical consideration for any treatment. Smaller needles can penetrate the skin better if there is obvious scar tissue. However, some scar tissue can also be fragile as the struc­ture of the skin is unstable, and this would warrant using a larger needle causing less trauma to the skin [3]. Initially, in order to work through scar tissue smaller needle groupings have to be selected; the smaller the needle the crisper the result. The ner the line, the less noticeable the tattooing will appear. Larger needle grouping gives softer results, for the blending in of the full colour [3]. Different inks are composed of differ­ent ingredients, like inorganic materials (titanium dioxide, iron oxide, carbon black, azo dyes, acri­dine, quinolone, phthalocyanine and naphthol), and organic materials—dyes made from ash and other mixtures. Modern tattooing inks are carbon­based pigments. The pigments used in the eld of medical tattooing must be produced under extremely tight guidelines to ensure they are of the highest industry standard and quality.