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Chapter 4
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A Review in Medical,
Pharmacological and Industrial
Importance of Roselle Hibiscus
sabdariffa L.
A
li S.Hassoon, Ahmed A.Kadhim and Madeha H.Hussein
Abstract
Medicinal plants and plants occupy a major place in the world’s agricultural and
industrial production as the main source of pharmaceutical drugs or as a source of
active substances that are used in the preparation of medicine. The Roselle plant
Hibiscus sabdariffa L.(Malvaceae Family) is known in Arabic as “karkade” and
“Roselle”. The continental regions of Africa and Asia are the original home of the
Roselle. The months of March and April and proceeds to reap the fruits during the
months of October to the end of December. Recent researches and studies have
pointed to the use of Roselle plant in the medical, food and industrial fields. It is used
in the manufacture of jellies and jams. The syrup is added to some medical preparations. It is refreshing, moisturizing, and helps digestion. It is also a useful drink in
the cases of bile. It causes urination and acts as an antifungal agent. and is used in the
treatment of high blood pressure, It is also used in cancer treatment.
Keywords: rosella, medicinally plants, pharmcological uses, industrial uses of rosella,
rosella as food
. Introduction
The current interest is in the exploitation of the active substances of some pharmaceutical plants and their manufacture as important medical drugs for the treatment of
many diseases and for the prevention, treatment and pain relief, and therefore these
plants have taken a great deal of attention and studies as the main source of these
drugs and the manufacture of safe medicines [1]. It has been used in many countries
of the world to treat various viral and microbial diseases because they are more useful
in different treatment stages and are safer and less expensive compared to laboratorybased chemical treatments [2].
Hibiscus sabdariffa L., which belongs to the Malvaceae family, is a medically
important plant [3]. Its medicinal significance is concentrated in its leaves, which are
a source of Hibiscus, which has a medical effect. Its leaves are rich in vitamin C, citric,
Medicinal Plants – Chemical, Biochemical, and Pharmacological Approaches
60
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Tartaric, It also contains Protocatechuic Acid (PCA), an important antioxidant as well
as its role in the treatment of certain cancers [4].
It is used as a refreshing beverage for the purpose of tempering the high temperatures and uses the red dye produced artificially as food nutritious natural food, and
also enters the manufacture of jams, ice, candy, and food preservation, and the seeds
contain a high proportion of oil up to the limit of 20–25% 30–35% protein [5].
. Plant classification and naming
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. belongs to the Malvaceae family of Malvales, a Sabdariffa
species of Hibiscus, a plant covered with Angiosperms dicotyledons seeds [6].
The origin of the name of the Rosella comes back to the area of Gujarat in India,
and it is known by many names that differ from one region to another. The common
name in Iraq is al-Gujarat tea. It is also called kaajah, red acid, kardipip, and gypsy.
In Arab countries, it is called Karkade. In Brazil, it is called “Rosela” and is called
commercially in America (Hibiscus). In England, it is called rozelle, sorrel, sour.
In France, it is called “Bissap” and “Jamaica”. In North and East Africa it is called
“karkade or carcade” Senegal (bissap) and Nigeria (serrol) and in Iran is known as
(Chaye -Torosh) [7, 8].
. Plant description
Agglutaceous leafy plant with roots, spines, and legs, cylindrical with a smooth
texture and greenish-red color, up to more than two meters depending on the variety.
The leaves are simple, reciprocal, hand-shaped, finely edged, greenish-red, longnecked and long-necked. The leaves are white, yellow or red, consisting of five large,
thick, succulent, thick leaves. The fruits are capsules containing a large number of
kidney seeds. The texture is dark brown (Figure ) [9, 10].
Figure 1.
Cultivation of rosella in my field of research.
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