Добавил:
kiopkiopkiop18@yandex.ru t.me/Prokururor I Вовсе не секретарь, но почту проверяю Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5883_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана

.pdf
Скачиваний:
0
Добавлен:
31.08.2026
Размер:
22 Мб
Скачать
Medicinal Plants – Chemical, Biochemical, and Pharmacological Approaches
41
https://t.me/medicina_free
Secondary metabolite Host plant Endophyte Strain Ref
Lycopodium serratum
H. serrata Shiraia sp. Fungal [155]
Phlegmariurus phlegmaria
H. serrata Colletotrichum sp., Ascomycota sp.,
Phlegmariurus taxifolius
H. serrata Fusarium sp. Fungal [170]
CPT and active derivative 10-hydroxyCPT, podophyllotoxin, deoxypodophyllotoxin act as anticancer, and Huperzine A approved for treatment of Alzheimers disease.
Penicillium chrysogenum Fungal [154]
Cladosporium cladosporioides Fungal [156]
Aspergillus flavus Fungal [157]
Shiraia bambusicola Fungal [158]
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Fungal [159]
Trichoderma sp. Fungal [160]
Paecilomyces tenuis Fungal [161]
Penicillium sp. Fungal [162]
Ceriporia lacerate Fungal [163]
Sarcosomataceae sp., Dothideomycetes sp.
Penicillium sp. Fungal [165]
Alternaria brassicae Fungal [166]
Penicillium polonicum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Mucor racemosus, M. fragilis, Fusarium verticillioides, F. oxysporum,Trichoderma harzianum
Fusarium sp. Fungal [169]
Fungal [164]
Fungal [167]
Fungal [168]
Table 3.
Production of plant-derived secondary metabolites by endophytic microorganisms.
3.4 Podophyllotoxin
Podophyllotoxin is an aryltetralin lignin that uses in the synthesis of anticancer drugs. It is originally isolated from the resins of the Podophyllum emodi, which is traditionally used to treat genital warts [16]. Podophyllotoxin is a strong inhibitor of microtubules, while its derivatives inhibit topoisomerase 2. These derivatives are used to treat bronchial and testicular cancers. Podophyllotoxin production from endophytic fungi isolated from Podophyllum [syn. Sinopodophyllum] hexandrum, Diphylleia sinensis, and Dysosma veitchii were reported for the first time [134]. After that, two strains of the endophytic fungus Phialocephala fortinii from the rhizome of P. peltatum, which could produce podophyllotoxin under axenic culture conditions, were isolated and identified [138]. The fungus Trametes isolated from P. hexandrum is another endophyte capable of producing podophyllotoxin and podophyllotoxin gly­cosides [139]. In addition, F. oxysporum and Aspergillus endophytes isolated from
10
The
42
https://t.me/medicina_free
Endophytes: A New Resource for Vulnerable Plant Bioactive Compounds
ITexLi.112931
Juniperus
phyllotoxin, reported found fungi and podophyllotoxin-producing
ium
among
Fungal production of podophyllotoxin is promising for mass production, and it is
possible cultivation reducing producing
3.5
recurva and Juniperus communis produced podophyllotoxin and deoxypado-
respectively [141, 151]. Podophyllotoxin production has also been
from Mucor fragilis, and Alternaria tenuissima isolated from P. emodi was
to
produce podophyllotoxin [143, 144]. Podophyllotoxin-producing endophytic
Penicillium sp., Trametes sp., Purpureocillium sp., Aspergillus sp. Ganoderma sp.,
Fusarium spp. were isolated from plants of Dysosma spp. [149, 150].
fungi belong to Penicillium sp., Alternaria sp., and Fusar-
spp. genera, respectively, While there is no report of podophyllotoxin production
endophyte bacteria (Table 3).
to
provide affordable resources for commercial production by optimizing the
methods and genetic changes of the producing microorganisms and
the pressure of harvesting from plant resources and giving the chance to
plants for save from extinction.
Huperzine A
Most
The lycopod
called
Huperzine A (HupA), which has attracted worldwide attention for its potential
the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. This compound is an acetylcholinesterase
in inhibitor by
highly selective and reversible inhibition of this enzyme and blocking its activity.
bulk of HupA is obtained from the Huperziaceae family. The H. serrata has a
The narrow which phyte HupA
cladosporioides isolated from H. serrata leaves also produced HupA [155, 156, 158].
general, These ing
Xia and colleagues isolated endophytic fungi
verticillioides, can cessfully acetylcholinesterase phytes, tion strategy genetic
geographical distribution, slow growth rate, and very low HupA content,
limits its natural harvest and HupA extraction. In the first report, the endo-
Acremonium sp. isolated from H. serrata has been capable of production
[152]. Similarly, the endophyte Shiraia sp. Slf14 and Cladosporium
32
fungal endophytes were isolated from members of Huperziaceae family, includ-
H. serrata, Phlegmariurus phlegmaria, and Phlegmariurus taxifolius (Table 3) [171].
inhibit acetylcholinesterase enzyme [168]. The endophyte Ceriporia lacerate suc-
transformed HupA into five different compounds that showed potential
is
of
HupA has positive economic and environmental effects. This will be a practical
to
manipulation of the source fungi.
Huperzia serrata is the main source of a natural lycopodium
that increases the availability of acetylcholine in central cholinergic synapses
alkaloid
of
endophytic fungi belonging to 15 genera were recorded to produce Hup A.
Mucor racemosus, M. fragilis, Fusarium
F. oxysporum, and Trichoderma harzianum from the H. serrata, which
inhibitory activity [172]. Biotransformation, using fungal endo-
also a valuable approach to producing HupA derivatives. Microbial produc-
meet the global market demand through microbial fermentation and
In
4. Industrial
The role of plant compounds in the production of many clinically effective anti-
cancer expected. many certain of
11
drugs is undeniable, but the production of herbal drugs is not always as
of
environmental conditions, stress, or availability of nutrients. Also, the growth
plants is slow, and to collect and extract some products, they must reach acceptable
aspects
Because their production from plant resources faces serious challenges,
these compounds are produced at a certain stage of plant growth or under
Medicinal Plants – Chemical, Biochemical, and Pharmacological Approaches
43
https://t.me/medicina_free
growth. On the other hand, production in plant cell culture also faces technical chal­lenges. Also, due to the extent and variety of bioactive in plants, the purification processes of the desired effective substances will be complicated and therefore expensive. Due to the limitations identified with the productivity and vulnerability of plant species as sources of new metabolites, microorganisms act as an available and inexhaustible resource of new pharmaceuticals [173].
Over many years, seasonal and climatic factors have caused failure in traditional methods of extracting bioactive from natural resources. The environmental issues that researchers face during the extraction of bioactive from plants make it necessary to adopt new approaches to obtain these compounds [174]. In the future, with the increase in population, the demand for pharmaceutical and agricultural products will increase day by day, and the future of endophytic fungi for the isolation of various beneficial compounds is bright. There is a great need to discover bioactive compounds from natural resources that can be used to treat various diseases. Recently, more attention has been paid to the production of bioactive from endo­phytic fungi because they are excellent for exploiting the biosynthetic pathway for the synthesis of bioactive. The main challenge is the low yield of desired active com­pounds obtained from endophytes. However, to meet the demand of pharmaceutical companies to increase the commercial production of drugs, genetic engineering tech­nologies, drug design techniques, and microbial fermentation technology can be solu­tions to increase the rate of endophyte production [2]. In addition, the use of cell co­cultures of host plants and endophytes has improved the production rate. Some secondary metabolites may be produced by combined endophyte and host activity. Some endophytic bacteria produce secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. For example, Bacillus altitudinis, Burkholderia sp., and Flavobacterium sp. act as effective stimulators that increase ginsenoside concentrations by converting the major ginsenoside Rb1 to the minor ginsenoside Rg3 in the valuable medicinal plant ginseng [175–177]. Such biotransformations using endophytic bacteria have significant potential to intensify the accumulation of rare active substances in medicinal plants. The endophytic Pseudomonas fluorescens can increase the production of sesquiterpenoids in Macrocephala Atractylodes [178]. The endophyte Bacillus subtilis in the plant Chuanxiong Ligusticum enhances ligustrazine accumulation [179].
The interaction of endophytes with plant tissues asymptomatically increases the production of secondary metabolites. A double synthesis of podophyllotoxin was obtained from the interaction of endophytic fungi Phialocephala fortinii and rhizomes of P. peltatum [138]. Endophytic fungi Stemphylium amaranthi and Gliomastix
masseei can be used as fungal stimulants to improve indole alkaloid production from C. roseus [180].
5. Conclusion
Throughout history, humans have used plants and plant-derived products to treat various ailments. Plant secondary metabolites or bioactive are known to be synthe­sized by plants. Microbes living inside host plant tissues are also known for their ability to synthesize substances similar to those synthesized by the host plant. Sec­ondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, etc. synthe­sized by microbes, are known for their vital role as antioxidants and anticancer. The discovery of the ability to produce plant secondary metabolites in endophytes has
12
The
44
https://t.me/medicina_free
Endophytes: A New Resource for Vulnerable Plant Bioactive Compounds
ITexLi.112931
many hopes for the production of these compounds on an industrial scale.
raised Microorganisms substances
possibility of their genetic manipulation is easier, and the fermentation conditions
the
them are simpler, cheaper, and more diverse.
for
reduce environmental concerns about the production of biological
in
plants because endophytic microbes have a high reproduction ability,
Medicinal Plants – Chemical, Biochemical, and Pharmacological Approaches
45
https://t.me/medicina_free
References
[1] Ezeobiora CE, Igbokwe NH, Amin DH,
Mendie UE. Endophytic microbes from Nigerian ethnomedicinal plants: A potential source for bioactive secondary metabolitesA review. Bulletin of the National Research Centre. 2021;45(1):1-10
[2] Rana KL, Kour D, Kaur T, Devi R,
Negi C, Yadav AN, et al. Endophytic fungi from medicinal plants: Biodiversity and biotechnological applications. In: Microbial Endophytes. Sawston, UK: Elsevier; 2020. pp. 273-305
[3] Segaran G, Sathiavelu M. Fungal
endophytes: A potent biocontrol agent and a bioactive metabolites reservoir. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2019;21:101284
[4] Hassani M, Durán P, Hacquard S.
Microbial interactions within the plant holobiont. Microbiome. 2018;6(1):1-17
[5] Wu W, Chen W, Liu S, Wu J, Zhu Y,
Qin L, et al. Beneficial relationships between endophytic bacteria and medicinal plants. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2021;12:646146
associated plant secondary metabolites: Progress, challenges, and opportunities. In: Metabolomics. Rijeka, Croatia: InTechOpen; 2012. pp. 241-266
[10] Kaul S, Gupta S, Ahmed M,
Dhar MK. Endophytic fungi from medicinal plants: A treasure hunt for bioactive metabolites. Phytochemistry Reviews. 2012;11:487-505
[11] Kusari S, Spiteller M. The promise of
endophytic fungi as sustainable resource of biologically relevant pro-drugs: A focus on Cameroon. In: Fungi. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press; 2018. pp. 1-13
[12] Saxena S, Meshram V, Kapoor N.
Muscodor tigerii sp. nov.-volatile antibiotic producing endophytic fungus from the Northeastern Himalayas. Annals of Microbiology. 2015;65(1):47-57
[13] Ludwig-Müller J. Plants and
endophytes: Equal partners in secondary metabolite production? Biotechnology Letters. 2015;37:1325-1334
[6] Gouda S, Das G, Sen SK, Shin H-S,
Patra JK. Endophytes: A treasure house of bioactive compounds of medicinal importance. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2016;7:1538
[7] Priyadarshini MS, Panigrahi S,
Rath C. Endophytes: Novel Microorganisms for Plant Growth Promotion. Tamil Nadu, India: Darshan publishers; 2022
[8] Hodkinson TR, Doohan FM,
Saunders MJ, Murphy BR. Endophytes for a Growing World. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2019
[9] Kusari S, Spiteller M. Metabolomics
of endophytic fungi producing
[14] Ek-Ramos MJ, Gomez-Flores R,
Orozco-Flores AA, Rodríguez-Padilla C, González-Ochoa G, Tamez-Guerra P. Bioactive products from plant­endophytic gram-positive bacteria. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2019;10:463
[15] Pan S-Y, Zhou S-F, Gao S-H, Yu Z-L,
Zhang S-F, Tang M-K, et al. New perspectives on how to discover drugs from herbal medicines: CAM's outstanding contribution to modern therapeutics. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013;2013:627375
[16] Meshram V, Gupta M. Endophytic
fungi: A quintessential source of
The
46
https://t.me/medicina_free
Endophytes: A New Resource for Vulnerable Plant Bioactive Compounds
ITexLi.112931
potential bioactive compounds. Endophytes for a Growing World. 2019; 277:277-309
[17] Stierle A, Strobel G, Stierle D. Taxol
and taxane production by taxomyces andreanae, an endophytic fungus of Pacific yew. Science. 1993;260(5105): 214-216
[18] Stierle AA, Stierle DB. Bioactive
secondary metabolites produced by the fungal endophytes of conifers. Natural Product Communications. 2015;10(10): 1671-1682
[19] Strobel G, Hess W, Ford E, Sidhu R,
Yang X. Taxol from fungal endophytes and the issue of biodiversity. Journal of Industrial Microbiology. 1996;17:417-423
[20] Li J-y, Strobel G, Sidhu R, Hess W,
Ford EJ. Endophytic Taxol-producing fungi from bald cypress, taxodium distichum. Microbiology. 1996;142(8): 2223-2226
[21] Landry N. Bacterial Mass Production
of Taxanes with Erwinia. US5561055A: Google Patents; 1996
[22] Strobel GA, Hess W, Li J-Y, Ford E,
Sears J, Sidhu RS, et al. Pestalotiopsis guepinii, a Taxol-producing endophyte of the Wollemi pine, Wollemia nobilis. Australian Journal of Botany. 1997;45(6): 1073-1082
[23] Li J, Sidhu R, Ford E, Long D,
Hess W, Strobel G. The induction of Taxol production in the endophytic fungusPericonia sp from Torreya grandifolia. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. 1998; 20:259-264
[24] Su K. Screening of Taxol-producing
endophytic fungi from Ginkgo biloba and Taxus cuspidate in Korea.
Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology. 1999;42:97-99
[25] Caruso M, Colombo A, Fedeli L,
Pavesi A, Quaroni S, Saracchi M, et al. Isolation of endophytic fungi and actinomycetes taxane producers. Annals of Microbiology. 2000;50(1):3-14
[26] Page M, Landry N, Boissinot M,
Helie M-C, Harvey M, Gagne M. Bacterial Mass Production of Taxanes and Paclitaxel. WO1999032651A1: Google Patents; 2000
[27] Wang B, Li A, Wang X. An
endophytic fungus for producing Taxol. Science in China Series C. 2001;31:271-274
[28] Guo B, Wang Y, Zhou X, Hu K,
Tan F, Miao Z, et al. An endophytic Taxol-producing fungus BT2 isolated from Taxus chinensis var. mairei. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2006; 5(10):875-877
[29] Hu K, Tan F, Tang K, Zhu S,
Wang W. Isolation and screening of endophytic fungi synthesizing Taxol from Taxus chinensis var. mairei. Journal of Southwest China Normal University (Natural Science Edition). 2006;31: 134-137
[30] Renpeng T, Qiao Y, Guoling Z,
Jingquan T, Luozhen Z, Chengxiang F. Taxonomic study on a Taxol producing fungus isolated from bark of Taxus chinensis var. mairei. Wuhan zhi wu xue yan jiu= Wuhan Botanical Research. 2006;24(6):541-545
[31] Cheng L, Ma Q, Tao G, Tao W,
Wang R, Yang J, et al. Systemic identification of a paclitaxel-producing endophytic fungus. Industrial Microbiology. 2007;37:23-30
[32] Zhou X, Wang Z, Jiang K, Wei Y,
Lin J, Sun X, et al. Screening of Taxol-
Medicinal Plants – Chemical, Biochemical, and Pharmacological Approaches
47
https://t.me/medicina_free
producing endophytic fungi from Taxus chinensis var. mairei. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology. 2007; 43:439-443
[33] Gangadevi V, Muthumary J. Taxol,
an anticancer drug produced by an endophytic fungus Bartalinia robillardoides Tassi, isolated from a medicinal plant, Aegle marmelos Correa ex Roxb. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2008;24:717-724
[34] Gangadevi V, Murugan M,
Muthumary J. Taxol determination from Pestalotiopsis pauciseta, a fungal endophyte of a medicinal plant. Chinese Journal of Biotechnology. 2008;24(8): 1433-1438
[35] Dai W, Tao W. Preliminary study on
fermentation conditions of Taxol­producing endophytic fungus. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress. 2008;27(6):883-886
[36] Kumaran RS, Muthumary J, Hur B-
K. Taxol from Phyllosticta citricarpa, a leaf spot fungus of the angiosperm Citrus medica. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 2008;106(1):103-106
[37] Sun D, Ran X, Wang J. Isolation and
identification of a Taxol-producing endophytic fungus from Podocarpus. Wei sheng wu xue bao= Acta Microbiologica Sinica. 2008;48(5): 589-595
[38] Venkatachalam R, Subban K,
Paul MJ. Taxol from Botryodiplodia theobromae (BT 115)AN endophytic fungus of Taxus baccata. Journal of Biotechnology. 2008;136:S189-SS90
[39] Chang-Tian L, Yu L, Wang Q-J,
Sung C-K. Taxol production by Fusarium arthrosporioides isolated from yew, Taxus cuspidata. Journal of Medical Biochemistry. 2008;27(4):454-458
[40] Senthil Kumaran R, Muthumary J,
Hur B. Production of Taxol from Phyllosticta spinarum, an endophytic fungus of Cupressus sp. Engineering in Life Sciences. 2008;8(4):438-446
[41] Kumaran RS, Muthumary J, Hur B-
K. Isolation and identification of an anticancer drug, Taxol from Phyllosticta tabernaemontanae, a leaf spot fungus of an angiosperm, wrightia tinctoria. The Journal of Microbiology. 2009;47(1): 40-49
[42] Chakravarthi B, Das P,
Surendranath K, Karande AA, Jayabaskaran C. Production of paclitaxel by Fusarium solani isolated from Taxus celebica. Journal of Biosciences. 2008;33: 259-267
[43] Zhao K, Ping W, Li Q, Hao S,
Zhao L, Gao T, et al. Aspergillus Niger var. taxi, a new species variant of Taxol­producing fungus isolated from Taxus cuspidata in China. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2009;107(4):1202-1207
[44] Deng BW, Liu KH, Chen WQ,
Ding XW, Xie XC. Fusarium solani, Tax­3, a new endophytic Taxol-producing fungus from Taxus chinensis. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2009;25:139-143
[45] Liu K, Ding X, Deng B, Chen W.
Isolation and characterization of endophytic Taxol-producing fungi from Taxus chinensis. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2009; 36(9):1171
[46] Zhang P, Zhou P-P, Yu L-J. An
endophytic Taxol-producing fungus from Taxus media, Cladosporium cladosporioides MD2. Current Microbiology. 2009;59:227-232
[47] Zhang P, Zhou P-P, Yu L-J. An
endophytic Taxol-producing fungus
The
48
https://t.me/medicina_free
Endophytes: A New Resource for Vulnerable Plant Bioactive Compounds
ITexLi.112931
from Taxus x media, aspergillus candidus MD3. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 2009;293(2):155-159
[48] Miao Z, Wang Y, Yu X, Guo B,
Tang K. A new endophytic taxane production fungus from Taxus chinensis. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology. 2009;45:81-86
[49] Kumaran RS, Muthumary J, Kim E-
K, Hur B-K. Production of Taxol from Phyllosticta dioscoreae, a leaf spot fungus isolated from Hibiscus rosa­sinensis. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering. 2009;14:76-83
[50] Gangadevi V, Muthumary J. A novel
endophytic Taxol-producing fungus Chaetomella raphigera isolated from a medicinal plant, Terminalia arjuna. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 2009;158:675-684
[51] Gangadevi V, Muthumary J. Taxol
production by Pestalotiopsis terminaliae, an endophytic fungus of Terminalia arjuna (arjun tree). Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. 2009;52(1):9-15
[52] Zhao K, Sun L, Ma X, Li X, Wang X,
Ping W, et al. Improved Taxol production in Nodulisporium sylviforme derived from inactivated protoplast fusion. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2011;10(20):4175-4182
[53] Pandi M, Kumaran RS, Choi Y-K,
Kim HJ, Muthumary J. Isolation and detection of Taxol, an anticancer drug produced from Lasiodiplodia theobromae, an endophytic fungus of the medicinal plant Morinda citrifolia. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2011; 10(8):1428-1435
culture. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2011;10(34):6647-6654
[55] Kumaran RS, Choi Y-K, Lee S,
Jeon HJ, Jung H, Kim HJ. Isolation of Taxol, an anticancer drug produced by the endophytic fungus, Phoma betae. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2012; 11(4):950-960
[56] Mirjalili MH, Farzaneh M, Bonfill M,
Rezadoost H, Ghassempour A. Isolation and characterization of Stemphylium sedicola SBU-16 as a new endophytic Taxol-producing fungus from Taxus baccata grown in Iran. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 2012;328(2): 122-129
[57] Garyali S, Kumar A, Reddy MS.
Taxol production by an endophytic fungus, Fusarium redolens, isolated from Himalayan yew. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2013; 23(10):1372-1380
[58] Yang Y, Zhao H, Barrero RA,
Zhang B, Sun G, Wilson IW, et al. Genome sequencing and analysis of the paclitaxel-producing endophytic fungus Penicillium aurantiogriseum NRRL
62431. BMC Genomics. 2014;15(1):1-14
[59] Zaiyou J, Li M, Xiqiao H. An
endophytic fungus efficiently producing paclitaxel isolated from Taxus wallichiana var. mairei. Medicine. 2017; 96(27):e7406
[60] Qiao W, Ling F, Yu L, Huang Y,
Wang T. Enhancing Taxol production in a novel endophytic fungus, Aspergillus aculeatinus Tax-6, isolated from Taxus chinensis var. mairei. Fungal Biology. 2017;121(12):1037-1044
[54] Bi J, Ji Y, Pan J, Yu Y, Chen H,
Zhu X. A new Taxol-producing fungus (Pestalotiopsis malicola) and evidence for Taxol as a transient product in the
[61] El-Sayed AS, Safan S, Mohamed NZ,
Shaban L, Ali GS, Sitohy MZ. Induction of Taxol biosynthesis by Aspergillus terreus, endophyte of Podocarpus
Medicinal Plants – Chemical, Biochemical, and Pharmacological Approaches
49
https://t.me/medicina_free
gracilior Pilger, upon intimate interaction with the plant endogenous microbes. Process Biochemistry. 2018;71: 31-40
[62] El-Sayed AS, Ali DM, Yassin MA,
Zayed RA, Ali GS. Sterol inhibitor fluconazoleenhance the Taxol yield and molecular expression of its encoding genes cluster from Aspergillus flavipes. Process Biochemistry. 2019;76:55-67
[63] Gill H, Vasundhara M. Isolation of
Taxol producing endophytic fungus Alternaria brassicicola from non-taxus medicinal plant Terminalia arjuna. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2019;35:1-8
[64] Kumar P, Singh B, Thakur V,
Thakur A, Thakur N, Pandey D, et al. Hyper-production of Taxol from Aspergillus fumigatus, an endophytic fungus isolated from Taxus sp. of the Northern Himalayan region. Biotechnology Reports. 2019;24:e00395
mutagenesis and immobilization technique. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2020;104(16):6991-7003
[68] Subramanian M, Marudhamuthu M.
Hitherto unknown terpene synthase organization in Taxol-producing endophytic bacteria isolated from marine macroalgae. Current Microbiology. 2020;77:918-923
[69] Abdel-Fatah SS, El-Batal AI, El-
Sherbiny GM, Khalaf MA, El-Sayed AS. Production, bioprocess optimization and γ-irradiation of Penicillium polonicum, as a new Taxol producing endophyte from Ginko biloba. Biotechnology Reports. 2021;30:e00623
[70] Jagan EG, Sharma P, Sureshkumar S,
Pandi M. Isolation of Taxol and flavin­like fluorochrome from endophytic fungi of Mangifera indica. Journal of Pure & Applied Microbiology. 2021;15 (4):2195-2208
[65] El-Sabbagh SM, Eissa OAE,
Sallam MHE. Taxol production by an endophytic fungus cladosporioides isolated from Catheranthus roseus Cladosporium. Egyptian Journal of Experimental Biology (Botany). 2019; 15(1):13-28
[66] Suresh G, Kokila D, Suresh TC,
Kumaran S, Velmurugan P, Vedhanayakisri KA, et al. Mycosynthesis of anticancer drug Taxol by Aspergillus oryzae, an endophyte of Tarenna asiatica, characterization, and its activity against a human lung cancer cell line. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2020;24:101525
[67] El-Sayed E-SR, Zaki AG, Ahmed AS,
Ismaiel AA. Production of the anticancer drug Taxol by the endophytic fungus Epicoccum nigrum TXB502: Enhanced production by gamma irradiation
[71] Gauchan DP, Vélëz H, Acharya A,
Östman JR, Lundén K, Elfstrand M, et al. Annulohypoxylon sp. strain MUS1, an endophytic fungus isolated from Taxus wallichiana Zucc., produces Taxol and other bioactive metabolites. 3 Biotech. 2021;11(3):152
[72] Koutb M, Hassan E, El-Sokkary G,
Saber S, Hussein N. Paclitaxel production by endophytic fungus, neopestalotiopsis clavispora KY624416 and subsequent extraction of chitosan from fungal biomass wastes. Global Nest Journal. 2021;23(3):370-380
[73] Abdel-Fatah SS, El-Sherbiny GM,
Khalaf MA, El-Batal AI. Enhancement of Taxol production by endophytic fungi from Hibiscus and moringa plant using gamma irradiation. Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2021; 30(4):9-17
The
50
https://t.me/medicina_free
Endophytes: A New Resource for Vulnerable Plant Bioactive Compounds
ITexLi.112931
[74] Mohammadi Ballakuti N, Ghanati F,
Zare-Maivan H, Alipour M, Moghaddam M, Abdolmaleki P. Taxoid profile in endophytic fungi isolated from Corylus avellana, introduces potential source for the production of Taxol in semi-synthetic approaches. Scientific Reports. 2022;12(1):9390
[75] Chowdhury DR, Chattopadhyay SK,
Roy S. Isolation and partial characterization of bioactive components of Endophytic fungi Penicillium singorense, isolated from two Indian medicinal plants: Calotropis procera and Catharanthus roseus. American Journal of Microbiological Research. 2022;10(3):84-93
[76] Pandy R, Kumar SS, Suresh P,
Annaraj J, Pandi M, Vellasamy S, et al. Screening and characterization of fungal Taxol-producing endophytic fungi for evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Open Chemistry. 2023;21:1
endophyte from Taxus wallichiana. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 2015;175:2224-2231
[81] Omeje EO, Ahomafor JE,
Onyekaba TU, Monioro PO, Nneka I, Onyeloni S, et al. Endophytic fungi as alternative and reliable sources for potent anticancer agents. In: Natural Products and Cancer Drug Discovery. London, UK, Norderstedt, Germany: IntechOpen; 2017. pp. 52-60
[82] Vasundhara M, Kumar A, Reddy MS.
Molecular approaches to screen bioactive compounds from endophytic fungi. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2016;7:1774
[83] Zhao J, Zhou L, Wang J, Shan T,
Zhong L, Liu X, et al. Endophytic fungi for producing bioactive compounds originally from their host plants. Current Research, Technology and Education Topics in Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology. 2010;1:567-576
[77] Adhikari P, Singh M, Pandey A.
Production of Taxol by endophytic fungi isolated from roots of Himalayan yew (Taxus wallichiana Zucc.). Journal of Graphic Era University. 2022;10(2): 195-216
[78] Wang Y, Tang K. A new endophytic
Taxol-and baccatin III-producing fungus isolated from Taxus chinensis var. mairei. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2011;10(72):16379-16386
[79] Zaiyou J, Li M, Guifang X, Xiuren Z.
Isolation of an endophytic fungus producing baccatin III from Taxus wallichiana var. mairei. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2013;40(11):1297-1302
[80] Li Y, Yang J, Zhou X, Zhao W,
Jian Z. Isolation and identification of a 10-deacetyl baccatin-III-producing
[84] Gond S, Kharwar R, White J Jr. Will
fungi be the new source of the blockbuster drug Taxol? Fungal Biology Reviews. 2014;28(4):77-84
[85] Tejesvi MV, Pirttilä AM. Endophytic
fungi, occurrence, and metabolites. In: Anke T, Schüffler A, editors. Physiology and Genetics: Selected Basic and Applied Aspects. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2018. pp. 213-230
[86] Cao X, Xu L, Wang J, Dong M, Xu C,
Kai G, et al. Endophytic fungus Pseudodidymocyrtis lobariellae KL27 promotes Taxol biosynthesis and accumulation in Taxus chinensis. BMC Plant Biology. 2022;22(1):1-18
[87] Liu Q , Li L, Chen Y, Wang S, Xue L,
Meng W, et al. Diversity of endophytic microbes in Taxus yunnanensis and their potential for plant growth promotion