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448
INDEX
orbit
applied anatomy 262– 3
examination 263– 6
orbi tal apex
synd rome 58,69
orbital cellulitis 277– 8
orbital compartment
synd rome 43,274 – 5
lateral canthotomy/
cant holysis 275,276
medical
decompression 276
orbital
frac tures 262,264– 5
clini cal fe atur es 267,268
investigations 267
management 268 – 9
orofacial
granulomatosis 427
oropharyngeal airways 32
oropharyngeal cancer
380, 3 82, 417, 421,
422,436
past h isto ryof 411
oropharynx, applied
anatomy 239
orthodontic
appliance- related
prob lems 4 07,437
orthopantomography 412
ossicular chain
dislocation 191
osteomyelitis 435
lower j aw 370– 2
skul l base 194
uppe r jaw 334 – 5
osteoradionecrosis 435
lower j aw 372– 3
uppe r jaw 345
otalgia
asse ssme nt 184
causes 180
distant causes 195– 6
local causes 195
otit is ext ern a 191– 2
otit is med ia 192– 4,197
otorrhoea 196
otoscleros is 198,20 5
oxygen
administ rati on 32,36 – 7
inCOPD 7
P
Paget ’s disea se of
bone 3 45, 373,428
pain
ear 180, 184,195 – 6
extr action sockets 4 01,
406,433– 4
eye 286 ,306
history taking 3– 4
lips 391– 2
lower j aw 350 – 1, 355,
359,384 – 8
mout h 394,
405 – 6 ,428– 9
nose 212,216
peri orbi tal 2 59,261
refe rred 3 87,431
on swa llowi ng 127,235
tongue 397
typ esof 336
uppe r jaw/
midf ace 319,321
see also f acial pain; h ead-
aches; sore t hroat ;
toothache
palatal myoclonus 207
palate
examination 410
hard palate bruising
(Guer in’s sign) 56
soft p alate inju ries 50,416
split 324– 5
paralysis
assessment 321
cau ses 3 19
see also we akness
parasymphysis fractures,
mand ible 361,363
parathyroid glands 151
parot id duc t 408 – 9
parotid gland 151
mump s 165,369
obst ruc tionof 3 42
suppurative parotitis 165
tumo urs 165,
166,342– 3
see also salivar yglands
parot id
sialadenitis 335 – 6 ,369
parotid space 332
past medical history 7– 8
pathological fractures 388
Patterson– Kelly syndrome
(Plummer– Vinson
syndrome) 248
pemphigoid 420
pemphigus vulgaris 420
penetrating injuries
contr ol of bleedi ng 40
head 79
nec k 138
periapical periodontitis and
abscess 384
perichondritis,
pinn a 190,192
pericoronitis 432
perilymphatic stulas 208
periodontal abscesses 430
perioral tingling 429
periorbital disorders
asse ssme nt 259– 61,
263– 6
common
presentations 258
commo n prob lems a nd
their causes 258– 9
investigations 266– 7
periorbital haematoma 57
periorbital
inju ries 25 8– 9,26 0
periorbital oedema 58
peripheral neurological
examination 68
peritonsillar abscess
(quins y) 245,380
persistent generalized
lymphadenopathy
(PGL) 157
pharyngeal pouch (oesoph-
ageal diverticulum) 250
pharyngitis
acut e 242
chro nic 243
chronic adenoiditis 243
diphtheria 243
infectious
mononucleosis 243
pharyngoesophageal
injuries 139– 40
photography 2– 3
photokeratitis 306
photophobia 84,306
phre nic ne rve 151,152
pigmented lesions
assessment 402
gums 4 00
lips 391
mout h 393,408 – 9
tongue 396
pinna
chondrodermatitis nodu-
laris helicis 207
gout t ophi 207– 8
infections 192
sero ma 189
traumatic
perichondritis 190
plain lm interpretation
cervical spine
injuries 108– 11
foreign bod y
interpretation 134– 5
platysma 152– 3
Plummer– Vinson syndrome
(Patterson– Kelly
syndrome) 248
polymyalgia rheumatica 95
post erio r cord
syndrome 117
post erio r tria ngle o f the
neck 121– 2 , 150,151– 2
post- her petic
neur algi a 337,385
postoper ative p ain 38 4
post- streptococcal
glomerulonephritis 245
power assessment 107
pregnancy 6– 7
gingival bleeding 381
pre sbyc usi s 198
presenting complaint,
history taking 3– 5
primary brain injury 72
primary headaches 81
prim ary h erpetic
stomatitis 418– 19
primary survey 23
air way 26– 8
ante rior n eck 30
breathing 34 – 5
circulation 37– 9
disability 41
exposure 42
propt osis 265 , 273,274 – 7
assessment 261
causes 259,273
retrobulbar haemor-
rhage/ orbital compart-
ment syndrome 274– 5
thyroid eye di seas e 280
in the u ncons cious
pat ie nt 276 – 7
pros thet ic heart va lves 7
asse ssme nt for
sur ge ry 13 – 14
ptosi s 264– 5,314
ptyalism (drooling) 166
pulp itis 384,430
pulse oxime try 3 5
pupillary dilation 57
pupillary responses 57
in hea d injury 75
pupils,
examination 265,289– 90
Q
Quin cke’s dise ase/ sig n 252
quinsy (peritonsillar
absce ss) 245,38 0
R
racoon (panda)
eyes 57,69,75
radiotherapy, osteora-
dionecros is 345, 37 2,
373,435
radiotherapy- induced bro-
sis, r educ tion of mouth
opening 378
raised intracranial
pressure 90
pathophysiology 73
Rams ay Hunt
synd rome 194 ,341
ramus fractures,
mandible 363
ranulas 162– 3
rashes 4
redeye
causes 286 – 7,302– 3
examination 303
refe rredp ain
lower jaw 387
teet h 431
ree xes 107
reu x
oesophagi tis 249,428
Reinke’s oedema 168
relapsing polychondri-
tis see rhinorrhoea
relative aerent pupillary
defe ct (R APD) 289 – 90
religious beliefs 6
reti nal ar tery
occlusion 312– 13
retinal detachment 311– 12
retinal vein occlusion 313
retr action sig n 58,265
retrobulbar
haem orrhage 43,274 – 5
lateral canthotomy/
cant holysis 275,276
medical
decompression 276
rheumati c fever 7,11
acut e 244 – 5
rhinitis 223– 5
alle rgic 224
assessment 225
atrophic 225
classication and
caus es 224
management 225
simp le acut e
infe cti ve 224
vasomotor 224
rhinitis
medicamentosa 225
rhinophyma 228
rhinorrhoea
assessment 216
causes 212– 13,230
management 230
‘ring t est’ f or CSF 41,8 0
Rinn e test 186,197
rivaroxaban, perioperative
management 14
INDEX
root fr actures 413
runn y nose see
rhinorrhoea
rupt ured glob e 296– 7
rust ring s, eye 30 8
S
sali va 409
sali var y glan ds 18,164 – 7
dysfunction 166
examination 163
infectio ns 165,335– 6
obstruction
of 164– 5,342
sialadenitis 368 – 9
as a sou rce of pa in 387
tumo urs 165,
166,342– 3
usef ul fac ts 166 – 7
see also parotid gland;
submandibulargland
scalp lacer ations 79
scarlet fever 244
scarring 44– 5
risk f acto rsfor 4 6
Schirmer’s test 293
scleritis 307
scratches 47
secondary headaches 82
secondary survey 42
seizures seets
sensorineural hearing
los s 196
aetiology 197
sensory changes
history taking 5
see also numbness
sept al deviatio n 226
septal haematoma 55– 6
sept al per foratio n 226
sexually transmitted
diseases 246
syphilis 422– 3
shin gles 337,385
intraoral 419
shock 37– 8
assessment 38
shun t assessment 91
shunt infection 91– 2
shunt obstruction 91
shunt overdrainage 92
sialadenitis 148 ,
165,368 – 9
sialography 155
sick le cell c risi s 388
sinuses (paranasal) 278
sinu ses and stu lae 349,
352–3, 359, 382– 4
sinusitis 278– 9
ethm oid 96,2 31
449
450
INDEX
sinusitis (Contd.)
frontal 95
fung al 280
management 279– 80
refe rred p ain 431
Sjög ren’s syn drome 166
skul l base fract ures 51
sliding scale insulin
infusions 13
slit- lamp examination 291
smel l, loss o f see anos-
miasmell, oensive see
cacosmia
smoot h, sor e tong ue,
causes 397
sneezing
assessment 216
cau se s 213
snoring 252– 3
assessment 237
causes 235
socia l hist ory 6 ,9
soft p alate injur ies 50,416
soft t issu e inju ries 4 4– 5
assessment 45– 6
intraoral 50
management 46 – 7
see also sut uring
referral guidelines 50
see also l ips, i njur ies;
mouth injuries
soft tissue swelling
airway obstruction 31
steroids 42
somat ic pai n 336
soret hroat
assessment 238
causes 235
see also t hroat infections
speech components 167
spinal cord
compr essi on 118– 19
causes 118– 19
due to m etas tases 119
spinal cord injuries 115– 17
cer v ic al 11 5
initial management 116
ISNCSCI
classication 115
spinal cord injury without
radiological abnormality
(SCIWO RA) 113
spinal cord
syndromes 116– 17
spli t palat e 324– 5
squa mous ce ll
carcinoma 256
stabbing injuries 40
stainedteeth
assessment 403
causes 398– 9
sternomastoid muscle 152
steroids 9
perioperative
management 15– 16
redu ctio n of swe lling 42
ste rt or 140
Stevens– Johnson
syndrome 419
sti ness , hist ory t aking 5
stomatitis,
denture- related 437
stress ulceration 16
str ido r 140
asse ssme nt 128,141
cau se s 124– 5
initial manageme nt 142– 3
stroke
carotid artery
disease 170– 1
intracerebral
haemorrhage 89
stye (hordeolum) 314
styloid– carotid ar tery
synd rome ( Eagl e
synd rome) 173,2 52
subarachnoid
haemorrhage 87– 9
subclavian artery 151– 2
subconjunctival
haem orrhage 57,271
subdural empyema 85
subdural
haematomas 78 – 9
subfalcine herniation 74
subglott ic ste nosis 143
subl ingual haematom a 56,
358, 360,425
sublingual space 366
submandibular gland 151
see also salivar yglands
submandibular
obstruction 164
submandibular
sialadenitis 148,3 68– 9
submandibular
space 147,366 – 7
subm enta l space 147,367
submucous brosis 378
supe rior o rbit al ssure
synd rome 58,69
supraglottitis
(epigl otti tis) 142,246 – 7
suprahyoid
musc les 150 – 1
supra selective
embolization 40
surgery, assessment
for 10– 17
surgical (subcutaneous)
emphysema 175
peri orbi tal 26 4– 5,269
surgical airways 34
sutu ring 46 – 7,48 – 50
eyeli ds 300 – 1
lips 415 – 16
suture materials 48– 9
technique 49
swallowing problems
investigations 241
see also dysphagia;
odynophagia
swellings
eyeli ds 287
gums 4 00
history taking 4
intr aora l 395,
406,424– 8
lips 391
lower j aw and fa ce 351,
355, 36 6– 75
nec k 144 – 5
peri orbi tal 2 59,261
thro at 236,2 38
tongue 397
uppe r jaw/ midfa ce
319– 20, 322,32 3– 5
uvula 252
swinging ashlight
test 57,289 – 90
symphysis fractures,
mand ible 361,363
syphilis 422– 3
syringomyelia 117,118
syst emic
chondromalacia 228
systems review 5
T
tabes dorsalis 117
tear breakup time
test 293
tear hy persecretion 315
tear production and
drainage 315
teeth
adult dentition 19
avuls ed 331,413– 14
common
presentations 390
common prob-
lems a nd the ir
causes 398– 9,400 – 1
cracked 431
dama ge from g ener al
anaesthesia 414
deciduous 19
dent al inj urie s 404
dentoalveolar
frac tures 326– 7
discoloured 403
exam inat ion 18,410 – 11
extraction socket prob-
lems 3 85, 401, 402,
406, 433– 4
fractured 413
loose 4 01,414
lost 35, 36– 7,358
see also t oothache
temp oral a rterit is (gi ant
cell a rte ritis) 94– 5,
310– 11
temp oralb one
frac tures 188 – 9
necrotizing external
otitis 194
temporomandibularjoint
ank ylosis 377– 8
applied anatomy 375
click ing 348, 352,376
disc displacement 377
dislocation 365– 6
dysf unct ion 370,375 – 6
tension headaches 97
teratomas 163
nasa l 228
tetanus immunization 8
tetanus- induced
tris mus 369
tetanus prophylaxis 42
thir d ner ve pal sy 58,69
thro at,
examination 238– 40
throat disorders
assessment 236– 8
cancers 256
chronic adenotonsillar
hypert rophy 247– 8
common
presentations 234
commo n prob lems a nd
their causes 234– 6
investigations 240– 1
thr oat in fec tions 241– 2
associated features 242
caus es 241– 2
coxsackievirus 246
deep n eck in fect ions 245
epig lott itis 142,24 6– 7
fungal 247
pharyngitis 242– 3
sexually transmitted
diseases 246
tonsillitis 244– 5
tonsilloliths 247
tuberculosis 247
thrombocytopenia 381,417
thrombosis,
intracranial 92– 3
‘thunderclap’ headache 87
thymic cysts 160
thyroglos sal du ct cys ts 160
thyroid can cers 159
thyroid eye di seas e 280
thyroid gla nd 151
goitre 158– 9
thyroid lumps 159
‘tic douloureux’ (tri-
gemi nal ne ural gia) 338 ,
385 – 6 ,428
tingling, perioral 429
tinnitus 203– 4
arteriovenous malforma-
tion s and ven ous
hum 207
asse ssme nt 181
cau se s 178
tongue
common
presentations 390
commo n prob lems a nd
their causes 395– 8
depa pilla tion 397,403
exam inat ion 18,
240,40 9– 10
inability to protrude 56
lace ra tio ns 416
tong ue pain 3 97
tongue swelling 397
tonsillar herniation 74
tonsillitis
acut e 244
compl icat ions of 244– 5
recurrent 244
tonsilloliths 247
tonsils 239
enlarged 247– 8
exam inat ion 240,410
peritonsillar abscess
(quins y) 245,380
tumours 256
tooth ache 38 4, 429– 32
assessment 407
causes 399
classication 430 – 1
painful wisdom
teet h 432
tooth i njur ies 399
tori 374, 4 09– 10
torticollis (wry
neck) 55 ,120
toxic e piderma l necro lysi s
(Stevens– Johnson
syndrome) 419
trac hea, a natomy 151
trac heal i ntubation 33
indi catio nsfor 37
trac heos tomy 34
complications 175
decannulation 174
indications for 174
technique 173– 5
INDEX
trac heos tomy ca re 174
tramlini ng 41,58,8 0
tranexamic aci d 417
transferrin g head i njur y
patie nts 79
transien t ischa emic a tta cks
(T IA s) 170 – 1
transtentorial
herniation 74
traumatic optic
neuropathy 298
tria ngle s of the
nec k 149– 52
trig emin al ner ve(V) 67
trig emin al neu ral gia
(‘tic d oulo ureu x’) 338,
385 – 6 ,428
tris mus 56, 37 7– 8 0
history taking 4
trochlear ner ve (IV ) 67
tube rculosis 11,247
tumours
cere bral 93 – 4
see also carcinomas
tuni ng for k test s 186,197
tympanic membrane
per fora tion 191,20 5– 6
U
ulcerative keratitis 306
ulce rs 418 – 24
angina bullosa
haemorrhagica 423
angular cheilitis 423
assessment 407
aphthous 251– 2,420
Behç et’s dis ease 424
caus es 424
denture- related 436
drug - ind uced 7,423
erosive lichen
planus 423– 4
herpetic
infectio n 418– 19
history taking 4
intraoral 395
Kapo si’s sar coma 422
lips 392
mali gnant 4 21,422
necrotizing
sialometaplasia 422
pemphigoid and
pemphigus
vulgaris 420
Stevens– Johnson
syndrome 419
syphilitic lesions 422– 3
tongue 398
trau mati c 418
451
452
INDEX
ultrasound 135
upper airway
obstruction 141– 2
cau ses 141
uppe rjaw
applied anatomy 322– 3
examination 323– 4
fasc ial spaces 332– 3
imaging 325– 6
non- infe cti ve lump s and
swellings 342– 6
upper jaw disorders
assessment 320– 2
common
pres enta tion s 318
commo n prob lems a nd
thei r caus es 318– 2 0
uppe r jaw inf ecti ons 332– 6
fasc ial spa ce
infec tion s 333– 4
osteomyelitis 334 – 5
parot id
sialadenitis 335– 6
uppe r lip infect ions 332
uveitis 306– 7
uvul a swel ling 2 52
V
vagu s ner ve (X ) 68,150 – 1
varicella zoster virus, Ramsay
Hunt s yndrome 194
vasomotor rhinitis 224
venou s sinus
thrombosis 92
vertebral artery
injuries 139
ver tebr al body
frac tures 112,113
vertebrobasilar insuf-
ciency (b eaut y parlour
synd rome) 102,120
ver ti go 199 – 203
asse ssme nt 65, 181,20 0
benign positional
vertigo 202– 3
causes 63,178– 9
dierential diagnosis 199
Dix– Hallpike
manoeuvre 186
labyrinthitis and vestibu-
lar neur itis 200– 1
Ménière’s dise ase 201– 2
vestibular neur itis 200– 1
vestibulitis 228
vestibulocochlear nerve
(VIII) 68
vira l keratiti s 305
vision- threatening
inju ries 43 ,294
visu al acui ty
test ing 56 – 7,265
visual disturbance 306
causes 285– 6
with h eada che 83
history taking 288
temporal arteritis 94
visual- evoked
potentials 293
visu al el d test ing 266 ,289
visu al loss 310– 14
amau rosis f uga x 314
optic n euritis 312
painf ul 310– 11
painless 311
reti nal ar tery
occlusion 312– 13
reti nal
detachmen t 311– 12
reti nal vei n
occlusion 313
vitreous
haemorrhage 313
vocalc ords
granulomas 169
paralysis 168– 9
Reinke’s oedema 168
Vomiting, airway
prote ction 28– 9
W
Waldeyer’s ring 239
walk ing wounde d 44
warfarin 8– 9
perioperative
management 13– 14
see also anticoagulants
wate ry eye s 315– 16
weakness
history taking 5
hypog lossal ner ve
lesions 429
of the l ips 392 ,398
see also f acialpals y
Weber t est 186
Wegener’s
granulomatosis 226
‘whiplash’ injuries 113– 14
whit e cell co unt
(WCC) 71
wisd om teet h
prob lems 39 9,432
wisd om toot h removal,
ner ve inj ury 43 4
wound asse ssme nt 45– 6
wound cleaning 47
wound closu re 46 – 7
eyeli ds 300 – 1
scalp lacer ations 79
see also sut uring
wound i nfec tion s 45
wry n eck
(tor ticol lis) 55,120
X
xeros tomi a (dry
mou th) 166 ,167
Z
zygo mati c bone , appli ed
anatomy 262
zygomatic
frac tures 263,270 – 3
clinical features 270– 1
investigations 271
management 272– 3
occipitomental views,
inter pret ation 271– 2