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Regenerative Medicine and Plastic Surgery
Elements, Research Concepts and Emerging Technologies
Dominik Duscher Melvin A. Shiman
Editors
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Regenerative Medicine and Plastic Surgery
Dominik Duscher • Melvin A. Shiman
https://t.me/medicina_free
Editors
Regenerative Medicine and Plastic Surgery
Elements, Research Concepts and Emerging Technologies
Editors
https://t.me/medicina_free
Dominik Duscher Department for Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery Division of Experimental Plastic Surgery Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
Melvin A. Shiffman Private Practice Tustin, CA USA
ISBN 978-3-030-19957-9 ISBN 978-3-030-19958-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19958-6
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microlms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specic statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional afliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
To Aura, the love of my life
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Dominik Duscher
Foreword
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Plastic surgery, by its very nature, takes care of nearly every part of the human body including the skin, muscles, bones, nerves, and blood vessels. As Joseph G.McCarthy, my former Chief at NYU, once said, plastic sur­geons are problem- solvers. They are called upon by other practioners to develop creative solutions to unsolvable problems in nearly every anatomic region. Thus, it is not surprising that plastic surgeons have ocked to the burgeoning eld of regenerative medicine, which promises even more ele­gant solutions to clinical problems found everywhere in the human body. Regenerative medicine proposes using cellular and molecular processes to recreate the exact same tissues that plastic surgeons perform long opera­tions to recreate.
It is logical that plastic surgery would be at the forefront of the eld of regenerative medicine. And this is indeed the case at stem cell conferences and tissue engineering symposia, where plastic surgeons often outnumber all the other clinical attendees combined. However, up until now, there did not exist an authoritative reference documenting all the ways that plastic surgical practice and regenerative medicine science overlap or provide a road map for the future of both specialties. Drs. Duscher and Shiffman have provided a valuable service by gathering in one place the leading voices in these two elds in clear and concise manner.
Reading through this work, one is impressed by both the breadth of plastic surgery practice and the enormous potential of regenerative medicine to cure a multitude of human diseases. One also sees the potential for regenerative medicine to be integrated into clinical plastic surgery. With beautiful clinical images and artwork, this book will be a central companion to both practicing plastic surgeons who wish to remain abreast of upcoming technological advances and regenerative medicine researchers who wish to understand the current state of the art of surgical reconstruction. The analogies between the two disciplines are clearly laid out, and the possibilities for advances in clini­cal care leap off the pages.
Ultimately, regenerative medicine may make many operations plastic sur­geons perform obsolete. This is familiar territory for plastic surgeons who always need to look for the next clinical arena for innovation. I am condent that clinical plastic surgeons will remain at the forefront and become leaders in this emerging eld. In your hands is a comprehensive encyclopedia of two
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rapidly converging elds. Drs. Duscher and Shiffman have done an outstand­ing job of highlighting the interdependent relationship between plastic surgery and regenerative medicine. Ultimately, this is to the benet of both elds.
Stanford, CA GeoffreyC.Gurtner
Foreword
Preface
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A surgical success will impactthe patient in question, but a research success can impact a global population.This thought came to me at the end of medi­cal school and still is the main reason for my fascination for science today. Driven by my desire to create knowledge and discover new things, I found the seemingly endless possibilities of the young eld of regenerative medicine particularly enchanting.
Through channelling the power of stem cells to repair or replace damaged tissues, regenerative therapies are making their way into mainstay clinical routine. As both case-based stem cell therapy and global understanding evolve, we are entering an era in which we can design treatments for some of the world’s most devastating diseases. Innovative therapeutic concepts borne of the intersection of clinical medicine, engineering, and cell biology have potential to change the way we practice medicine.
The international efforts put into this eld have created an unyielding body of literature. Staying abreast of the genetic, epigenetic, cellular, stromal, hematopoietic, and pathologic research emerging each year is critical. A comprehensive, up-to-date reconnaissance of these parameters in the eld of regenerative medicine is therefore a valuable tool. The expertise required to generate such a text far exceeded that of its editors, and the roots of this book are nourished in the soul of collaboration. I am indebted to the scores of renowned specialists who have contributed their expertise and ingenuity to this work. This book is intended for surgeons and scientists, for biologists and engineers, and for students of medicine, biomedical engineering, cell biol­ogy, and biotechnology, simply for everyone who is interested in the extraor­dinary potential that regenerative medicine has to offer. The rst edition of this book represents an attempt to organize the current knowledge in the eld. However, knowledge is of no value unless you put it into practice. Thus, we all need to strive for the clinical translation of the principles presented here to make the dream of tissue and organ regeneration become reality.
You can have results or excuses. Not both.
Arnold Schwarzenegger
Munich, Germany DominikDuscher
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Contents
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Part I Elements of Regenerative Medicine
1 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Dominik Duscher, Matthias M. Aitzetmüller, and Elizabeth A. Brett
2 History of Regenerative Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Maximilian Zaussinger and Dominik Duscher
3 Basic Principles and Current Approach for Soft Tissue
Regeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Matthias M. Aitzetmüller, Elizabeth A. Brett, Matthias A. Sauter, and Dominik Duscher
4 Sophisticated Biocomposite Scaffolds from Renewable
Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Yavuz Emre Arslan, Eren Ozudogru, Tugba Sezgin Arslan, Burak Derkus, Emel Emregul, and Kaan C. Emregul
Part II Research Concepts
5 Mechanotransduction in Wound Healing and Scar Formation . 35
Dominik Duscher
6 Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 (SDF-1) Signaling
and Tissue Homeostasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Zeshaan N. Maan, Mimi R. Borrelli, Khosrow Siamak Houschyar, and Geoffrey C. Gurtner
7 Stem Cell Differentiation Directed by Material
and Mechanical Cues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Caitlyn A. Moore, Alexandra Condé-Green, Pranela Rameshwar, and Mark S. Granick
8 Bacteriophages: A New (Yet Old) Weapon Against Infections . . 69
Stephen K. Mathew and Reba Kanungo
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9 Bacteriophages as Biocontrol Agents of Biofilm Infections
Associated with Abiotic Prosthetic Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Shilpa Deshpande Kaistha, Pramila Devi Umrao, Ravish Katiyar, and Neelima Deshpande
10 Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal
Stem/Stromal Cells: Current Approaches to Enhance Their
Release and Therapeutic Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Richard Schäfer, Benjamin Koch, and Patrick C. Baer
11 Anti-Biofilm Activity of Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi,
and Lichens: Mechanisms and Impact on Clinical Practice . . . . 113
Oana Săndulescu, Anca Streinu-Cercel, Mihai Săndulescu, and Adrian Streinu-Cercel
Part III Emerging Technologies
12 Bionic Reconstruction: The New Frontier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Stefan Salminger, Johannes A. Mayer, and Oskar C. Aszmann
13 Carbohydrates in Regenerative Medicine: From Scaffolds
to Cell Fate Modulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Roberto Guizzardi, Mattia Vacchini, and Laura Cipolla
Contents
14 Biomimetics: A New Abstraction for Bone Implant Design . . . . 151
Elizabeth A. Brett, Matthias A. Sauter, and Dominik Duscher
15 The Role of Microbiota in Skin Regeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Angela Faga, Marco Mario Tresoldi, and Giovanni Nicoletti
16 Erythropoietin: An Innovative Therapeutic Approach
in Thermal Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Christina Irene Günter and Hans-Günther Machens
17 Targeting C-Reactive Protein in Inflammatory Disease . . . . . . . 173
Johannes Zeller and Steffen U. Eisenhardt
18 Stem Cell Therapies for Tissue Regeneration and Wound
Healing: Strategies to Enhance Therapeutic Effectiveness . . . . . 187
Silvia Mihalceanu, Matthias M. Aitzetmüller, Hans- Günther Machens, and Dominik Duscher
19 Iron Chelators & HIF-1α: A New Frontier for
Skin Rejuvenation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Andrea Pagani, Matthias M. Aitzetmüller, and Dominik Duscher
Part IV Translational Aspects
20 How to Overcome the Valley of Death from Basic Science to
Clinical Trials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Kelly Bridgham, Akash Chandawarkar, Halley Darrach, and Justin M. Sacks