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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_2758_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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Index
https://t.me/medicina_free
A
Acetaminophen, 147
Acneiform, 304
Acneiform eruption, 307
Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), 47,
48, 58, 59, 106, 324, 325
clinical features, 129, 130
culprit drugs, 128
differential diagnosis, 130, 131
epidemiology, 127
history, 127
investigations, 131
management, 131
pathology, 128
pathophysiology, 127, 128
Acute localised exanthematous pustulosis (ALEP), 129
Acute skin failure, 117
ALgorithm of Drug causality for Epidermal Necrolysis
(ALDEN), 112
Allopurinol, 138
Alopecia, 305
Alopecia areata, 139
Altered peptide repertoire model, 38, 113
Altered TCR repertoire model, 48, 49
American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), 318
Amide drugs, 182
Amiodarone, 249, 250
Amlodipine, 250
Anakinra, 290
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, 139
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), 90, 91
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), 96,
97, 219, 220
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), 97
Anti-CD20 drugs, 157
Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome, 133
Antigen-presenting cells (APC), 36–38
Anti IgE (Omalizumab), 293, 294
Anti-IL 4/13 (Dupilumab), 290, 291
Anti IL12/23 inhibitor (Ustekinumab), 293
Anti IL23 inhibitor (Guselkumab), 293
Anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors, 254, 255
Antithyroglobulin antibodies, 138
Antithyroid peroxidase, 138
Apparent leukonychia, 231
Aromatic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), 12–20
Arthralgia, 168
Autoimmune bullous diseases
diagnosis of, 181
intraepidermal blistering diseases, 181
subepidermal blistering diseases, 181
B
Baboon syndrome, 106
Basophil activation test (BAT), 78, 79, 269
Beau’s lines, 231
Benralizumab, 291
Benzylpenicillin (BP), 264
Beta-adrenoreceptors, 160
Beta-lactams (BLs)
allergy, 263
chemical structure, 264–265
clinical history, 267
clinical manifestations, 266, 267
consumption and sensitization, 263, 265, 266
determinants and highest concentrations, 268
drug provocation test (DPT), 268
immediate (IRs) and non-immediate reactions
(NIRs), 263
immunospot assay (ELISpot), 270
in vitro tests, 268, 269
lymphocyte transformation test (LTT), 269, 270
skin testing, 267, 268
Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS), 174
Bleomycin, 250
Blue lunula, 231
Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance, 212
Bradykinin, 91
Brown grading system, 296
Bullous eruptions, 323, 324
C
Canakinumab, 290
Carbamazepine (CBZ)
HLA-A*31:01 allele, 11
HLA-B*15:02 allele, 6, 11
HLA-B*57:01 allele, 11
HLA-B*59:01 allele, 12
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022
H. Y. Lee, D. Creamer (eds.), Drug Eruptions, Updates in Clinical Dermatology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09388-3
331
332
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Index
Carbamazepine (CBZ) (cont.)
indications, 6
metabolism of, 6
T cell receptor variation, 7–10, 12
Cardiac involvement, 138
Cemiplimab, 319
Cephalosporins, 264
Chapel Hill vasculitis consensus criteria, 173
Chemical-induced leukoderma, 255
Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA)
anagen efuvium, 239
cytotoxic chemotherapy, 239
degree of alopecia, 239
persistent (permanent) CIA (pCIA), 240
prevention and treatment, 239, 240
risk factors, 239
Cholestatic liver injury, 218
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), 95
Ciclosporin, 140
Clavulanic acid (CLV), 265
Clinically amyopathic DM (CADM), 170
Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events
(CTCAE), 177, 318
Corticosteroid, 139, 140
Cross-reactions, 71
Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs), 105, 107,
108, 153
AGEP, 58, 59
differential diagnosis, 61, 62
DRESS, 57, 58
drug-induced exanthem, 56, 57
FDE, 60, 61
inammatory patterns
interface dermatitis pattern, 54, 55
spongiotic reaction pattern, 53, 54
non-specic histological aspects, 55, 56
SDRIFE, 61
SJS/TEN, 59, 60
Cutaneous blisters, 158
Cyclophosphamide, 140, 250
Cysteinyl leukotrienes, 90
Cytochrome P450 enzymes, 159
Cytokine release syndrome, 284
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), 38
D
Dacomitinib, 305
Dermatomyositis (DM), 170
Diarrhoea, 138
Diltiazem-induced hyperpigmentation, 249
Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (DPP4i), 185
Direct immunouorescence (DIF), 159
Drug hypersensitivity (DH)
abacavir, 4, 5
AEDs, 12–20
allopurinol, 21–23
carbamazepine
HLA-A*31:01 allele, 11
HLA-B*15:02 allele, 6, 11
HLA-B*57:01 allele, 11
HLA-B*59:01 allele, 12
indications, 6
metabolism of, 6
SmPC, 12
T cell receptor variation, 7–10, 12
clinical presentation, 36
dapsone, 23, 24
delayed reactions (see T cells mediated DH)
evidence and guidelines, 27
Gell and Coombs’s criteria, 35, 36
genetic factors
abacavir, 42
allopurinol, 41
aromatic anticonvulsants, 41, 42
ethnicity-specic, 39–41
in immediate-type drug hypersensitivity, 38
pharmacogenomic associations, 42
screening, 38
hapten/prohapten model, 26
human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B*57:01, 4, 5
immediate-type reactions, 43, 44
nevirapine, 24, 25
phenytoin, 26
SCARs, drug metabolism, 42
TCR repertoire, 48, 49
trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, 24
vancomycin, 25
Drug hypersensitivity reaction (DHR)
delayed reactions
ELISA, 81–83
ELISpot, 81–83
ow cytometric analysis, 80, 81
LPA, 79, 80
LTT, 79, 80
phenotype, 79, 80
tests, 79, 80
immediate reactions
acute phase mediators, 76, 77
BAT, 78, 79
immunoassays, 77, 78
phenotypes, 75, 76
Drug-induced acneiform eruptions
clinical features, 199, 200
differential diagnosis, 199
management, 199
pathophysiology, 199
Drug-induced bullous pemphigoid (DIBP)
clinical presentation/investigations, 184
drug causality, 184–186
drug-triggered BP, 184
pathophysiology, 184
Drug-induced exanthem, 56, 57
Drug-induced lupus erythematosus (LE)
causative agents, 166
diagnosis, 170
medication-triggered group, 168
Drug-induced photosensitivity
clinical investigations, 206, 207
clinical presentation, 205, 206
Index
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333
epidemiology, 203
management, 208
medications, 203
NSAIDs, 208
pathogenesis, 203, 204
photocarcinogenic risks, 208
photocontact allergy, 207
photosafety investigations, 207
phototherapy, 208
potential consequences, 208
PUVA, 208
systemic drug phototoxicity, 204, 205
wavelength dependency, 206
Drug-induced pityriasis rosea (PR)-like reactions, 194–195
Drug-induced pruritus
acute form, 212
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors,
219, 220
anti-cancer therapies, 218, 219
calcium channel blockers, 212
chloroquine, 217, 218
cholestatic liver injury, 218
chronic form, 212
denition, 211
diagnosis, 220
direct drug-induced pruritus, 212
drug-induced itch, 212
Group I, 211
Group II, 211
Group III, 211
hydroxyethyl starch (HES), 218
indirect drug-induced pruritus, 212
itch pathway, 213
nephrotoxic drugs, 212
opioids, 214, 217
prevalence, 211, 212
treatment, 220, 221
Drug-induced urticaria (DIU)
ACEi, 96, 97
aspirin, 95, 96
causes, 95
clinical features, 89
clinical history, 92
H1-antihistamines, 98
immunologically mediated reactions
IgE antibody-dependent reactions, 90
immune complex, 90, 91
iniximab, 98
in vitro testing, 92–94
in vivo testing, 94
management of, 94, 95
non-immunological reactions
direct mast cell degranulation, 90, 91
interference, 90, 91
kinin-mediated angioedema, 90, 91
NSAIDs, 95, 96
opiates, 96
sorafenib, 98
spontaneous reports, 95
Drug-induced vasculitis (DIV)
adverse drug reactions, 174
antibiotics, 175
anti-TNF-a agents, 175–176
cancer immunotherapy, 177, 178
clinical features, 174
cocaine/levamisole, 177
diagnosis of, 174, 175
EULAR guidelines, 174
life-threatening manifestations, 174
management, 175
pathogenesis, 178
prescribed drugs, 176
prevalence of, 173
propylthyrouracil (PTU), 176, 177
Drug patch tests, 149
Drug provocation tests (DPT), 94, 279, 280
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms
(DRESS), 43, 45, 57, 58, 106, 107, 130, 197,
292, 325
clinical features, 135–138
denition, 133
differential diagnosis, 139
drug causality, 134
epidemiology, 133, 134
histopathology, 138, 139
history, 133
long-term sequelae, 139
pathophysiology, 134, 135
prognosis and management, 139, 140
Drug skin tests
for immediate drug eruptions, 66, 67
lesional skin tests, 71
for nonimmediate drug eruptions, 67–71
photopatch tests, 71
Dry skin (xerosis), 308–309
E
Eczematous dermatitis, 291
Eczematous reactions, 197, 198
Effector T lymphocytes (Teff), 135
Encephalitis, 138
Endocrine, 138
Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1), 4
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 81–83
Enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot), 81–83
Eosinophilia, 137
Epidermal detachment, 111, 118, 119
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA), 187
Erythema multiforme (EM), 138
Erythema nodosum, 195, 196
EudraVigilance database, 185
European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), 318
Exanthematous drug reactions
causative agents, 107
clinical features, 105–107
diagnosis, 107, 108
epidemiology, 105
management, 108, 109
pathogenesis, 103, 104
334
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Index
Exfoliative dermatitis, 139
Exfoliative erythroderma, 136
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), 140
F
Facial erythema, 291
Facial oedema, 136, 137
Fas/Fas ligand, 145
Fixed drug eruption (FDE), 60, 61
characterization, 143
clinical investigations, 149
clinical presentation, 145–147
culprit drugs, 147, 148
differential diagnosis, 147
epidemiology, 143, 144
histopathology, 144, 145
history, 143
management, 150
pathomechanism, 145
prognosis, 148, 149
Flagellate pigmentation, 250
Fluoroenzyme immunoassay (FEIA), 77
5-Fluorouracil, 250
G
Generalized bullous xed drug eruption (GBFDE), 143
clinical investigations, 149
clinical presentation, 145–147
culprit drugs, 147, 148
differential diagnosis, 147
epidemiology, 143, 144
histopathology, 144, 145
management, 150
pathomechanism, 145
prognosis, 148, 149
Giant cell lichenoid dermatitis, 159
Granuloma annulare (GA), 193
Granulysin, 113, 120
Graves’s disease, 138
H
Haemophagocytic syndrome, 137
Hair changes, 305, 309
anti-oestrogen therapy, 244
anti-TNFα therapies, 241
chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA), 239
anagen efuvium, 239
cytotoxic chemotherapy, 239
degree of alopecia, 239
persistent (permanent) CIA (pCIA), 240
prevention and treatment, 239, 240
clinical assessment, 238
cycle of growth and renewal, 238
drug-induced hair colour and texture changes, 245
drug-induced hair loss, 237
EGFR inhibitors, 241
growth problems, 237
hair follicle, 238
hair loss, 237
hirsutism, 244
hormone effects, 243, 244
hypertrichosis, 244, 245
immune checkpoint inhibitors, 243
targeted oncology therapies, 241
telogen efuvium, 238, 239
trichomegaly, 245
tyrosine kinase inhibitors and hair pigmentation, 243
Hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR), 305, 310
Hapten–prohapten theory, 38
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, 138
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitors (HhSPi), 312
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), 289
Hirsutism, 244
Histamine, 90
Histamine liberators, 91
Histamine release test (HRT), 269
Human leucocyte antigen (HLA), 6, 11, 12, 36, 38, 159
See also Drug hypersensitivity (DH)
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), 130
Hydroxyethyl starch (HES), 212, 218
Hydroxyurea, 250
Hyperpigmentation, 247
Hypertrichosis, 244, 245
Hypopigmentation, 247, 248
I
Ig-E bound high-afnity Fc receptor (FcεRI), 43
IgE mediated DH, 43, 44
IgE mediated reactions, 284
IgG mediated reactions, 284, 285
IL-36 receptor antagonist, 47, 128
Immediate-type drug hypersensitivity reactions, 38
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), 158
atezolizumab, 319
avelumab, 319
cemiplimab, 319
combination CTLA-4-PD-1 inhibition therapy, 320
CTLA-4 or PD-L1/PD-1 interactions, 318
cutaneous irAE
bullous eruptions, 323, 324
lichenoid eruptions, 322, 323
morbilliform eruption, 321
pruritus, 320, 321
SCARs, 324, 325
vitiligo-like depigmentation, 323
dermatological adverse effects, 325
durvalumab, 319
granulomatous reactions, 326
immune-related adverse events (irAEs), 318
immunotherapy drugs, 318
ipilimumab, 318, 319
lichenoid eruptions, 321, 322
nivolumab, 319
pembrolizumab, 319
rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 326
T-cell activation, 317
Index
https://t.me/medicina_free
335
Immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE), 76
Immunospot assay (ELISpot), 270
Injection site reactions (ISRs), 284
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), 43
Interleukin-8 (IL-8), 127
Interleukin 17 inhibitors, 292, 293
Interstitial granulomatous drug reaction (IGDR),
191–192
Intradermal tests (IDT), 66, 67, 69–71, 94
In vitro tests
drug hypersensitivity reaction (see Drug
hypersensitivity reaction (DHR))
pathomechanisms, 75
utility of, 83, 84
Ipilimumab, 318, 319
K
Keratinocyte necrosis, 117
Keratinocyte proliferation, 305
L
Lemavisole, 178
Lesional skin tests, 71
Lichenoid drug eruptions (LDE), 321–323
characterisation, 153
clinical feature, 153–155, 158
drug causality
biologics, 155, 157
immune checkpoint inhibitors, 158
implication, 155, 156
photodistributed and oral mucosal, 155, 157
vaccines, 155
epidemiology, 153
histological feature, 153–155, 158, 159
identication, 153
pathogenesis, 159, 160
treatment, 160
Lichenoid nail changes, 231
Lichen planus (LP), see Lichenoid drug eruptions
(LDE)
Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD)
clinical presentation, 186
drug causality, 186, 187
IgA autoantibodies, 186
pathophysiology, 186
Liver function, 137
Longitudinal melanonychia, 231
Lupus erythematosus (LE)
causative agents, 165
culprit drugs, 166
diagnosis
differential diagnosis, 169
serological prole, 169
drug-induced SCLE, 168, 169
drug-induced SLE, 168
epidemiology, 165
management, 170
medication-triggered group, 168
pathogenetic mechanisms, 165
pathophysiology
adaptive immunity, 167
genetic susceptibility, 167
hydralazine, 167
innate immunity, 167, 168
procainamide, 167
Lymphocyte proliferation assay (LPA), 79, 80
Lymphocyte transformation test (LTT), 79, 80, 149, 269,
270
Lymphocytosis, 137
M
Maculopapular exanthema (MPE), 43
Maculo-papular rash, 56, 57
Meningitis, 138
Methotrexate (MTX), 193
Minimal erythema dose (MED), 71
Minocycline, 251
Morbilliform, see Exanthematous drug reactions
Morbilliform eruption, 305, 321
Morbilliform erythema, 136
Mucosal involvement, 154
Mucositis, 309
Muehrcke’s lines, 230
N
N-acetylcysteine, 140
Nail bed, 230–231
Nail changes, 309
Beau’s lines, 228
culprit drug, 230
exogenous pigment deposition, 229
inammatory cutaneous drug reactions, 227
lunula pigmentation, 229
management principles, 232
Mees lines, 228
microvascular damage, 230
morbidity, 227
Muehrcke’s lines, 230
nail anatomy, 227, 228
nail bed, 230–231
nail fold, 230
nail matrix melanocytes, 231–232
nail plate/matrix, 231
Naranjo’s algorithm, 230
onycholysis, 229, 230
psoriatic and lichenoid drug reactions, 228
Raynaud’s phenomenon, 230
skin and mucosal pigmentary changes, 229
Nail fold, 230
Nail matrix melanocytes, 231–232
Naranjo’s algorithm, 230
Nature killer (NK) cells, 45–47
NETosis, 167
Neutrophilic panniculitis, 196, 197
Nikolsky’s sign, 181
Nivolumab, 319
336
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Index
Non-steroidal anti-inammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 95,
96, 107, 147
Notoriety, 134
NSAID-exacerbated cutaneous disease (NECD), 95
NSAID-induced urticaria (NIU), 95
O
Off-target inammatory cutaneous eruptions, 285
Onycholysis, 229, 230
Onychomadesis, 231
Overlap syndromes, 139
P
Paronychia, 304
Patch tests (PaT), 67–71
Pembrolizumab, 319
Pemphigus
clinical features, 182
desmosomal components, 182
drug causality and pathophysiology, 182–183
genetic and environmental predisposing factors, 182
Nikolsky’s sign, 181
Perforin/granzyme B, 145
Pharmacogenetics
challenges, 3, 4
development, 3
Phenolic drugs, 182
Phenothiazines, 252
Photodistributed and oral mucosal lichenoid drug
eruption, 157
Photo-onycholysis, 231
Photopatch tests, 71
Pigmentary disorders
clinical presentation, 248
differential diagnosis, 248
hyperpigmentation, 247, 253
analgesics, 249
antimalarials, 249
antimicrobial agents, 251–252
cardiac drugs, 249, 250
chemotherapeutic agents, 250
heavy metals, 252
psychotropic agents, 252, 253
hypopigmentation, 247, 248, 254–256
incidence of, 247
tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), 256
Plasmapheresis, 140
Platelet activating factor (PAF), 43, 90
Post-pustular desquamation, 129, 131
Pruritus, 308–309, 320, 321
Psoriasiform dermatitis, 290
Psoriatric nail changes, 231
R
Radioallergosorbent test (RAST), 77
Radio contrast media (RCM) hypersensitivity reactions
allergic and non-allergic, 275
allergological workup, 276, 277, 280
classication, 275
clinical manifestations, 276
drug provocation test (DPT), 279, 280
epidemiology and risk factors, 275, 276
immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic
mechanism, 276
laboratory tests, 279
NIHRs, 276
skin tests, 277, 279
toxic reactions, 275
Rash, 136
Raynaud’s phenomenon, 231
RegiSCAR scoring system, 135, 139
Regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg), 135
Renal involvement, 138
Reslizumab, 291
Respiratory tract, 138
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 193, 326
Rhododendrol, 255
Rituximab, 140
S
Sarcoidosis, 192
Scarring alopecia, 158
Scleroderma, 171
SCORTEN score, 117, 119
Scottish Photobiology Service, 204
Serum drug-specic IgE (sIgE), 77, 78
Serum sickness like reactions (SSLR), 285
Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs), 42,
143, 145
Sick euthyroid syndrome, 138
Skin prick tests (SPT), 66, 67, 94
Sneddon-Wilkinson disease, 130
Splinter hemorrhages, 231
Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal
necrolysis (SJS/TEN), 59, 60, 136, 139,
324, 325
annexin A1, 45–47
clinical presentation, 114–117
cytokines/chemokines, 45–47
Fas-Fas ligand (FasL) binding, 45–47
granulysin, 45, 46
immunomodulatory approaches, 119
intradermal tests and drug provocation tests, 120
in vitro tests, 120
long-term follow-up, 120
management and treatment, 117
medication risk, 111, 112
NK cells, 45–47
pathophysiology, 112, 113
perforin and granzyme B pathway, 45, 46
prevention of, 120, 121
skin and mucous membranes, 118, 119
supportive care, 117, 118
Subcorneal pustular dermatosis, 130
Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC), 12
Sweet’s syndrome, 194
Index
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337
Symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and exural
exanthem (SDRIFE), 61, 106
Systemic hypersensitivity reactions, 284
Systemic involvement, 137
T
Targeted biologic agents
anakinra, 290
anti-CD-20 (Rituximab)
hypersensitivity reactions, 289, 290
off-target inammatory cutaneous eruptions, 290
anti IgE (Omalizumab), 293, 294
anti-IL 4/13 (Dupilumab), 290, 291
anti-IL-5, 291
anti-IL-6 (Tocilizumab), 291, 292
anti IL12/23 inhibitor (Ustekinumab), 293
anti IL23 inhibitor (Guselkumab), 293
anti-tumour necrosis factor-α agents (Anti-TNFs)
cutaneous vasculitis, 289
eczematous reactions, 288
granulomatous reactions, 288
hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), 289
iniximab-related infusion reactions, 286
local injection site reactions (ISRs), 286
lupus-like reactions, 288
off-target inammatory cutaneous eruptions, 287
psoriasis/psoriasiform eruptions, 287, 288
canakinumab, 290
immediate hypersensitivity reactions
cytokine release syndrome, 284
IgE mediated reactions, 284
IgG mediated reactions, 284, 285
injection site reactions (ISRs), 284
interleukin 17 inhibitors, 292, 293
monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 283
acute management, 294
Brown grading system, 296
challenge test, 297
desensitisation protocol, 296, 297
diagnostic evaluation, 296
local/injection site reactions, 294
non-irritating concentration for skin tests, 296
off-target inammatory cutaneous eruptions, 295
premedication, 297
non-immediate hypersensitivity reactions
delayed type IV reactions, 285
serum sickness like reactions (SSLR), 285
off-target inammatory cutaneous eruptions, 285
systemic hypersensitivity reactions, 284
Targeted therapy
adverse effects, 303
BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi), 311
classication, 303, 304
clinical features
acneiform eruption, 307
EGFRi, 306
hair changes, 309
mucositis, 309
nail changes, 309
pruritus and dry skin (xerosis), 308–309
denition, 303
epidemiology, 304, 305
hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR), 310
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitors (HhSPi), 312
KIT inhibitors (KITi), 312
mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi),
311
MEK inhibitors (MEKi), 311
multi-kinase inhibitors (MKi), 310
pathophysiology, 305, 306
prognosis, 312
symptomatic and preventive treatments, 312, 313
T cell receptor (TCR), 48, 49, 113
T cells mediated DH
AGEP, 47, 48
DRESS, 43, 45
MPE, 43
SJS/TEN
annexin A1, 45–47
cytokines/chemokines, 45–47
Fas-Fas ligand (FasL) binding, 45–47
granulysin, 45, 46
NK cells, 45–47
perforin and granzyme B pathway, 45, 46
Telogen efuvium, 238, 239
Thin brittle nails, 231
Thiol drugs, 182
Thyroid dysfunction, 139
Thyroiditis, 138
Tocilizumab, 291, 292
Transverse melanonychia, 231
Trichomegaly, 245
Tricyclic antidepressants, 252
True transverse leukonychia, 231
Type I hypersensitivity reaction, 90, 91
U
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR), 160
V
Valganciclovir, 140
Vismodegib, 305
Vitiligo-like depigmentation, 323
W
Wickham’s striae, 153
Y
Yellow discolored nails, 231
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