Добавил:
Sekretar
kiopkiopkiop18@yandex.ru
t.me/Prokururor I Вовсе не секретарь, но почту проверяю
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_4538_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
.pdf
19 Ophthalmology: Neuro-Ophthalmological
https://t.me/medicina_free
337
19.7 Retinal Vasculature Changes
19.7.1 Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Central serous retinopathy or chorioretinopathy (CSC) is characterized by an idiopathic serous detachment of the neurosensory retina secondary to serous uid collection beneath the retina. CSC and OSA have been suggested to share underlying
pathophysiological mechanisms, such as increased sympathetic activity and elevated serum cortisol concentrations via activation of the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis [88]. Moreover, both conditions share risk factors such as male sex and
hypertension.
A meta-analysis found an OR of 2.02 (CI: 1.08–3.78) in patients with CSC relative to controls [6], and a second more recent one found an OR for OSA of OR of
1.56 (CI: 1.16–2.1) in patients with CSC, relative to controls [89]. However, half of
the studies [90–92] included in those meta-analyses only dened OSA cases as
those having a “high risk” of OSA.Recent population-based studies [93] reported
that participants with OSA had a slightly higher incidence of CSC by 11%–20%
than controls.
Additionally, CPAP-treated patients with OSA had about half the risk of CSC as
untreated patients [94, 95].
19.7.2 Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most frequent microvascular complication of diabetes and a major cause of vision loss, can be nonproliferative, with dilated retinal
veins and microaneurysms causing hemorrhage or edema, or proliferative diabetic
retinopathy (PDR), with new vessels forming near the optic disc (Fig.19.11). A rise
in inammation and oxidative stress in OSA has been suggested to affect energy
Fig. 19.11 Moderate
diabetic retinopathy
showing hemorrhages and
retinal exudates through
the posterior pole
338
https://t.me/medicina_free
A. Nogueira et al.
metabolism, increasing insulin resistance and dysglycemia, and thus increase the
risk of type II diabetes and DR [8, 9, 96].
Even among nondiabetic individuals, Steiropoulos etal. [97] noted that lower
oxygen saturation during sleep was associated with higher insulin levels. While
some of the link between the two conditions may be mediated by common risk factors, most notably obesity, even lean or nonobese individuals with OSA exhibit
higher levels of insulin than age-, sex-, and BMI matched controls, suggesting that
OSA could be an independent risk factor for diabetes [98–100]. Adherent use of
CPAP therapy has reduced glycemic levels and insulin resistance [96].
While there has been consistent evidence supporting a link between OSA and
diabetes, ndings on an independent association between OSA and DR have been
inconsistent, with meta-analyses arriving at different conclusions [4, 8, 101, 102].
A meta-analysis by Leong etal., [101], including three studies, failed to detect a
signicant association, although OSA was associated with a more advanced stage
of DR and the lower oxygen saturation was associated with diabetic macular
edema (adjusted OR: 0.79; CI: 0.65–0.95) and retinopathy (OR: 0.91; CI:
0.87–0.95). The authors highlighted that many previous studies that have reported
a signicant association between OSA and the prevalence of DR did not adjust for
potential confounders. In contrast, a later meta-analysis by Zhu et al. [102],
including six eligible studies, found that OSA was signicantly associated with an
increased risk of DR (2.01; CI: 1.49–2.72). Finally, a very recent one by GarcíaSánchez [8], this time evaluating ten studies and including 1387 patients with
OSA and 1307 subjects without OSA (Fig.19.12), shows that patients with OSA
are more at risk of DR than nonapneic subjects, with a pooled OR of 1.57 (CI:
1.09–2.27; p=0.02). Furthermore, adjusted studies have found that the presence
of OSA is associated with more severe DR [103] or progression in DR [104, 105].
However, other recent studies have not shown a signicant association between
OSA and DR [106–109].
Fig. 19.12 Forest plot of cross-sectional studies showing the odds ratios (OR) with 95% condence intervals (95% CI) of diabetic retinopathy for participants with and without OSA.The
squares and horizontal lines represent the study-specic OR and 95% CI.The sizes of the squares
reect the statistical weights of the studies. The pooled OR is indicated by a diamond (randomeffect model). From Garcia-Sanchez etal. [8]
19 Ophthalmology: Neuro-Ophthalmological
https://t.me/medicina_free
Another way to assess the association between OSA and DR is to analyze the
effect of apnea-hypopnea suppression by specic treatment. Cross-sectional studies
[110, 111] have reported that CPAP therapy use may reduce DR rates or progression
of DR.In an observational nonrandomized study, good adherence to CPAP treatment was associated with a higher improvement of the visual eld within 6months
[111]. However, a randomized clinical trial performed by West etal. [112] in 131
severe OSA patients with diabetes and diabetic macular edema causing visual
impairment did not detect a signicant difference in visual acuity after 12months
between the CPAP and the control groups. CPAP use time was unable to detect differences, so the authors concluded that CPAP therapy for OSA did not improve
visual acuity in diabetic patients with diabetic macular edema compared to standard
care alone over 12months. Similarly, Turnbull etal. [113] conducted a multicenter,
double-blind, randomized, parallel, controlled trial in patients with OSA on
CPAP.Participants were randomized to 14 nights of either continued CPAP or sham
CPAP to generate a return of OSA.Nineteen patients were randomized to sham
CPAP, and 18 patients were randomized to continued CPAP.CPAP withdrawal and
OSA return had no signicant effect on retinal microvascular responses. This contrasts with the effect of CPAP withdrawal on macrovascular endothelial function
and suggests that OSA has different effects on macrovascular and microvascular
endothelial function.
Therefore, more randomized trials are still needed to assess the CPAP effect on
variables related to the severity or progression of DR.Given that CPAP therapy use
for OSA treatment may be benecial for controlling systemic glycemic and insulin
levels, it is plausible that it could also improve ocular outcomes in patients with
diabetes.
339
19.7.3 Age-Related Macular Degeneration andMacular Edema
Schaal etal. [114] in 2014 noted that patients with age-related macular degeneration
(AMD) or diabetic macular edema (DMO) were more likely to have poor response
to antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy if they had symptoms of
OSA or untreated OSA, a relation between AMD and OSA has been suspected.
Later, in 2016 [115]. the same group reported 38 patients with OSA and anti-VEGF
injections for exudative AMD. Patients with untreated OSA required double the
number of injections compared to those treated with CPAP (mean of 16 vs. 8 injections) to reduce the macular edema. Moreover, after completing the anti-VEGF
injection regimens, the untreated OSA group had poorer nal visual acuity and thinner maculas than the CPAP-treated group (visual acuity: 0.7 vs. 0.3 logMAR; macular thickness: 322 vs. 254μm), despite having similar baseline measures prior to
anti-VEGF therapy.
The mechanism underlying the poorer treatment response is unclear. However,
there was a suggestion in an editorial article that upregulation of VEGF levels due
to the hypoxia induced by OSA may offset the effects of the anti-VEGF therapy
[116]. This, by extension, could mean that the presence of OSA does not merely
340
https://t.me/medicina_free
reduce anti-VEGF treatment response, but may also increase the risk of exudative
AMD or DMO.Indeed, a link between OSA and DMO has been reported [117,
118]. In patients with Type II diabetes, Chiang etal. [117] found a higher incidence
rate of DMO in those with OSA than those without OSA (HR=3.0), while Vie etal.
[118] reported that those with DMO were more likely to have higher AHI and lower
oxygen saturation levels. In the United Kingdom, Keenan etal. [119] reported a
sizeable data-linkage study that found an elevated risk of AMD by 44% in patients
with OSA relative to controls. Recently, the hazard of AMD has been raised by
33%–39% in two large-scale cohorts after accounting for potential confounders,
including co-morbidities [120].
Given the relative novelty of the reported associations between OSA and AMD
and the importance of AMD as the leading cause of blindness and visual impairment, further studies on the link between these conditions are warranted. The benets of OSA treatment on AMD risk and visual outcome is particularly worthy of
exploration [9].
A. Nogueira et al.
19.8 Conclusions
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects ocular health in many patients due to hypoxia
and oxidative processes usually involved. There is consistent evidence of an
increased risk of oppy eyelid syndrome, keratoconus, glaucoma, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, central serous chorioretinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic macular edema. Furthermore, OSA treatment with CPAP or upper
airway surgery may reduce the risk of these eye diseases. Moreover, it may also help
to monitor OSA evolution after treatment. Finally, ocular surface complications secondary to leaking masks commonly used in OSA reinforce the need for a good mask
t during CPAP.
Take-Home Message
• OSA affects ocular health in many patients and therefore should be investigated.
• There is consistent evidence of an increased risk of oppy eyelid syndrome, non-
arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy, diabetic macular oedema, and other
retinal vasculature changes in individuals with OSA.
• Other ocular diseases have also recently been associated to OSA, such as kerato-
conus, glaucoma, central serous chorioretinopathy, and diabetic retinopathy.
• Moreover, OSA treatment may reduce risk of these eye diseases, and some recent
works have shown how ocular ndings may help to monitor OSA evolution after
treatment.
19 Ophthalmology: Neuro-Ophthalmological
https://t.me/medicina_free
341
References
1. McNab AA. The eye and sleep. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2005;33(2):117–25. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1442- 9071.2005.00969.x.
2. McNab AA. The eye and sleep apnea. Sleep Med Rev. 2007;11(4):269–76. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.smrv.2007.03.006.
3. Waller EA, Bendel RE, Kaplan J. Sleep disorders and the eye. Mayo Clin Proc.
2008;83(11):1251–61. https://doi.org/10.4065/83.11.1251.
4. Nieto Enríquez J, Torres Blanch J, Lafulla JB. Manifestaciones oculares del síndrome
de apnea del sueño. Med Clin (Barc). 2009;133(15):594–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
medcli.2009.02.048.
5. West SD, Turnbull C.Eye disorders associated with obstructive sleep apnoea. Curr Opin
Pulm Med. 2016;22(6):595–601. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCP.0000000000000322.
6. Huon LK, Liu SY, Camacho M, Guilleminault C.The association between ophthalmologic
diseases and obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Breath.
2016;20(4):1145–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325- 016- 1358- 4.
7. Santos M, Hofmann RJ.Ocular manifestations of obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med.
2017;13(11):1345–8. Published 2017. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.6812.
8. García-Sánchez A, Villalaín I, Asencio M, García J, García-Rio F. Sleep apnea and eye
diseases: evidence of association and potential pathogenic mechanisms. J Clin Sleep Med.
2022;18(1):265–78. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.9552.
9. Lee SSY, Nilagiri VK, Mackey DA.Sleep and eye disease: a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol.
2022;50:334. https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.14071.
10. Culbertson WW, Ostler HB. The oppy eyelid syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol.
1981;92(4):568–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002- 9394(81)90652- 8.
11. Woog JJ. Obstructive sleep apnea and the oppy eyelid syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol.
1990;110(3):314–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002- 9394(14)76357- 3.
12. McNab AA.Floppy eyelid syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr
Surg. 1997;13(2):98–114. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002341- 199706000- 00005.
13. McNab AA.Reversal of oppy eyelid syndrome with treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea.
Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2000;28(2):125–6. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1442- 9071.2000.00278.x.
14. Robert PY, Adenis JP, Tapie P, Melloni B. Eyelid hyperlaxity and obstructive sleep apnea
(O.S.A.) syndrome. Eur J Ophthalmol. 1997;7(3):211–5.
15. Mojon DS, Goldblum D, Fleischhauer J, Chiou AG, Frueh BE, Hess CW, Gugger M, Bassetti
C, Boehnke M, Mathis J.Eyelid, conjunctival, and corneal ndings in sleep apnea syndrome.
Ophthalmology. 1999;106(6):1182–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0161- 6420(99)90256- 7.
16. Karger RA, White WA, Park WC, Rosales AG, McLaren JW, Olson EJ, Woog JJ.Prevalence
of oppy eyelid syndrome in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Ophthalmology.
2006;113(9):1669–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.02.053.
17. Kadyan A, Asghar J, Dowson L, Sandramouli S. Ocular ndings in sleep apnoea patients
using continuous positive airway pressure. Eye (Lond). 2010;24(5):843–50. https://doi.
org/10.1038/eye.2009.212.
18. Beis PG, Brozou CG, Gourgoulianis KI, Pastaka C, Chatzoulis DZ, Tsironi EE.The oppy
eyelid syndrome: evaluating lid laxity and its correlation to sleep apnea syndrome and body
mass index. ISRN Ophthalmol. 2012;2012:650892. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/650892.
19. Chambe J, Laib S, Hubbard J, Erhardt C, Ruppert E, Schroder C, Malan A, Bourcier T,
Bourgin P.Floppy eyelid syndrome is associated with obstructive sleep apnoea: a prospective
study on 127 patients. J Sleep Res. 2012;21(3):308–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365- 2869
.2011.00968.x.
20. Acar M, Firat H, Acar U, Ardic S. Ocular surface assessment in patients with obstructive
sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Sleep Breath. 2013;17(2):583–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11325- 012- 0724- 0.
342
https://t.me/medicina_free
21. Muniesa MJ, Huerva V, Sánchez-de-la-Torre M, Martínez M, Jurjo C, Barbé F.The relationship between oppy eyelid syndrome and obstructive sleep apnoea. Br J Ophthalmol.
2013;97(11):1387–90. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol- 2012- 303051.
22. Ezra DG, Beaconseld M, Collin R.Floppy eyelid syndrome: stretching the limits. Surv
Ophthalmol. 2010;55(1):35–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.02.025.
23. Leibovitch I, Selva D.Floppy eyelid syndrome: clinical features and the association with
obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med. 2006;7(2):117–22. Epub 2006 Feb 3
24. Pedrotti E, Demasi CL, Bruni E. Prevalence and risk factors of eye diseases in adult
patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: results from the SLE.E.P.Y cohort study. BMJ Open.
2017;7:e016142.
25. Karaca I, Yağcı A, Palamar M, Taşbakan MS, Başoğlu ÖK.Evaluation of periorbital tissues
in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Turk J Ophthalmol. 2020;50(6):356–61. https://doi.
org/10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.35033.
26. Cristescu Teodor R, Mihaltan FD.Eyelid laxity and sleep apnea syndrome: a review. Rom J
Ophthalmol. 2019;63(1):2–9.
27. Ting RJE, Singh N, Ling M, etal. Assessment of obstructive sleep apnoea and sleeping laterality by evaluating upper eyelid distraction: a prospective, comparative polysomnographic
study. Cureus. 2020;12(8):e9566. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.9566. Published 2020
28. Salinas R, Puig M, Fry CL, Johnson DA, Kheirkhah A.Floppy eyelid syndrome: a comprehensive review. Ocul Surf. 2020;18(1):31–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtos.2019.10.002.
29. De Gregorio A, Cerini A, Scala A, Lambiase A, Pedrotti E, Morselli S.Floppy eyelid, an
under-diagnosed syndrome: a review of demographics, pathogenesis, and treatment. Ther Adv
Ophthalmol. 2021;13:25158414211059247. https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414211059247.
30. Wang P, Yu DJ, Feng G, Long ZH, Liu CJ, Li H, Zhao TL.Is oppy eyelid syndrome more
prevalent in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients? J Ophthalmol. 2016;2016:6980281.
31. Vieira MJ, Silva MJ, Lopes N, Moreira C, Carvalheira F, Sousa JP.Prospective evaluation of
oppy eyelid syndrome at baseline and after CPAP therapy. Curr Eye Res. 2021;46(1):31–4.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2020.1776332.
32. Bayır Ö, Acar M, Yüksel E, Yüceege M, Saylam G, Tatar EÇ, Özdek A, Firat H, Gürdal
C, Korkmaz MH.The effects of anterior palatoplasty on oppy eyelid syndrome patients
with obstructive sleep apnea. Laryngoscope. 2016;126(9):2171–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/
lary.25905.
33. Muniesa M, March A, Sánchez-de-la-Torre M, Huerva V, Jurjo C, Barbé F, Illa FB.Corneal
biomechanical properties in oppy eyelid syndrome. Cornea. 2015;34(5):521–4. https://doi.
org/10.1097/ICO.0000000000000396.
34. Donnenfeld ED, Perry HD, Gibralter RP, Ingraham HJ, Udell IJ. Keratoconus associated
with oppy eyelid syndrome. Ophthalmology. 1991;98(11):1674–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/
s0161- 6420(91)32070- 0.
35. Ekinci M, Huseyinoglu N, Cagatay HH, Ceylan E, Keles S, Gokce G.Is there a relationship between sleep apnea and central corneal thickness? Curr Eye Res. 2013;38(11):1104–9.
https://doi.org/10.3109/02713683.2013.804578.
36. Saidel MA, Paik JY, Garcia C, Russo P, Cao D, Bouchard C.Prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome and high-risk characteristics among keratoconus patients. Cornea. 2012;31(6):600–3.
https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0b013e318243e446.
37. Gupta PK, Stinnett SS, Carlson AN.Prevalence of sleep apnea in patients with keratoconus.
Cornea. 2012;31(6):595–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0b013e31823f8acd.
38. Naderan M, Rezagholizadeh F, Zolfaghari M, Naderan M, Rajabi MT, Kamaleddin
MA. Association between the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea and the severity of
keratoconus. Br J Ophthalmol. 2015;99(12):1675–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-
2015- 306665.
39. Arriola-Villalobos P, Benito-Pascual B, Peraza-Nieves J, Perucho-González L, Sastre-Ibañez
M, Dupré-Peláez MG, Asorey-García A, Fernández-Sánchez-Alarcos JM. Corneal topographic, anatomic, and biomechanical properties in severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea
syndrome. Cornea. 2020;39(1):88–91. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0000000000002102.
A. Nogueira et al.
19 Ophthalmology: Neuro-Ophthalmological
https://t.me/medicina_free
40. Karaca U, Akıncıoğlu D, Ayyildiz O, Dogan D, Ozge G, Usta G, Mutlu FM.Comparison
of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and keratoconus patients on elevation maps. Int
Ophthalmol. 2022;42(3):933–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792- 021- 02074- 8.
41. Pellegrini M, Bernabei F, Friehmann A, Giannaccare G.Obstructive sleep apnea and keratoconus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Optom Vis Sci. 2020;97(1):9–14. https://doi.
org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000001467.
42. Stauffer JL, Fayter N, MacLurg BJ. Conjunctivitis from nasal CPAP apparatus. Chest.
1984;86(5):802. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.86.5.802a.
43. Ely JR, Khorfan F.Unilateral periorbital swelling with nasal CPAP therapy. J Clin Sleep
Med. 2006;2(3):330–1.
44. Harrison W, Pence N, Kovacich S.Anterior segment complications secondary to continuous positive airway pressure machine treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Optometry. 2007;78(7):352–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optm.2006.12.015.
45. Hayirci E, Yagci A, Palamar M, Basoglu OK, Veral A.The effect of continuous positive airway pressure treatment for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on the ocular surface. Cornea.
2012;31(6):604–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0b013e31824a2040.
46. Mojon DS, Hess CW, Goldblum D, Fleischhauer J, Koerner F, Bassetti C, Mathis
J. High prevalence of glaucoma in patients with sleep apnea syndrome. Ophthalmology.
1999;106(5):1009–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0161- 6420(99)00525- 4.
47. Liu S, Lin Y, Liu X.Meta-analysis of association of obstructive sleep apnea with glaucoma. J
Glaucoma. 2016;25(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/IJG.0000000000000357.
48. Shi Y, Liu P, Guan J, Lu Y, Su K.Association between glaucoma and obstructive sleep apnea
syndrome: a meta-analysis and systematic review. PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0115625. https://
doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115625.
49. Wu X, Liu H.Obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome increases glaucoma risk: evidence from a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(1):297–303.
50. Geyer O, Cohen N, Segev E, Rath EZ, Melamud L, Peled R, Lavie P. The prevalence of
glaucoma in patients with sleep apnea syndrome: same as in the general population. Am J
Ophthalmol. 2003;136(6):1093–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002- 9394(03)00709- 8.
51. Girkin CA, McGwin G Jr, McNeal SF, Owsley C.Is there an association between pre- existing
sleep apnoea and the development of glaucoma? Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90(6):679–81.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2005.086082.
52. Stein JD, Kim DS, Mundy KM, Talwar N, Nan B, Chervin RD, Musch DC. The association between glaucomatous and other causes of optic neuropathy and sleep apnea. Am J
Ophthalmol. 2011;152(6):989–998.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2011.04.030.
53. Aptel F, Chiquet C, Tamisier R, Sapene M, Martin F, Stach B, Grillet Y, Levy P, Pépin
JL. Sleep registry of the French Federation of Pneumology Paris, France. Association
between glaucoma and sleep apnea in a large French multicenter prospective cohort. Sleep
Med. 2014;15(5):576–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.790.
54. Casas P, Ascaso FJ, Vicente E, Tejero-Garcés G, Adiego MI, Cristóbal JA.Retinal and optic
nerve evaluation by optical coherence tomography in adults with obstructive sleep apneahypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2013;251(6):1625–34.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417- 013- 2268- 9.
55. Ferrandez B, Ferreras A, Calvo P, Abadia B, Marin JM, Pajarin AB.Assessment of the retinal
nerve ber layer in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea. BMC Ophthalmol. 2016;16:40.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886- 016- 0216- 2.
56. Huseyinoglu N, Ekinci M, Ozben S, Buyukuysal C, Kale MY, Sanivar HS.Optic disc and
retinal nerve ber layer parameters as indicators of neurodegenerative brain changes in
patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep Breath. 2014;18(1):95–102. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s11325- 013- 0854- z.
57. Lee SS, Sanlippo PG, Hunter M, Yazar S, James A, Mackey DA.Optic disc measures
in obstructive sleep apnea: a community-based study of middle-aged and older adults. J
Glaucoma. 2020;29(5):337–43. https://doi.org/10.1097/IJG.0000000000001485.
343
344
https://t.me/medicina_free
58. Lee SSY, McArdle N, Sanlippo PG, Yazar S, Eastwood PR, Hewitt AW, Li Q, Mackey
DA.Associations between optic disc measures and obstructive sleep apnea in young adults.
Ophthalmology. 2019;126(10):1372–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.04.041.
59. Lin PW, Friedman M, Lin HC, Chang HW, Wilson M, Lin MC.Normal tension glaucoma in
patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome. J Glaucoma. 2011;20(9):553–8.
https://doi.org/10.1097/IJG.0b013e3181f3eb81.
60. Sun CL, Zhou LX, Dang Y, Huo YP, Shi L, Chang YJ.Decreased retinal nerve ber layer
thickness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a meta-analysis. Medicine
(Baltimore). 2016;95(32):e4499. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000004499.
61. Wang JS, Xie HT, Jia Y, Zhang MC.Retinal nerve ber layer thickness changes in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Ophthalmol.
2016;9(11):1651–6. https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2016.11.19.
62. Yu JG, Mei ZM, Ye T, Feng YF, Zhao F, Jia J, Fu XA, Xiang Y.Changes in retinal nerve ber
layer thickness in obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome: a meta-analysis. Ophthalmic
Res. 2016;56(2):57–67. https://doi.org/10.1159/000444301.
63. Zhao XJ, Yang CC, Zhang JC, Zheng H, Liu PP, Li Q.Obstructive sleep apnea and retinal
nerve ber layer thickness: a meta-analysis. J Glaucoma. 2016;25(4):e413–8. https://doi.
org/10.1097/IJG.0000000000000349.
64. Wang W, He M, Huang W.Changes of retinal nerve ber layer thickness in obstructive sleep
apnea syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Eye Res. 2017;42(5):796–802.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2016.1238942.
65. Fan YY, Su WW, Liu CH, Chen HS, Wu SC, Chang SHL, Chen KJ, Wu WC, Chen NH, Li
HY, Sun MH.Correlation between structural progression in glaucoma and obstructive sleep
apnea. Eye (Lond). 2019;33(9):1459–65. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433- 019- 0430- 2.
66. Wozniak D, Ratwatte M, Bourne R, Smith I.Is obstructive sleep apnoea a risk factor for
reduction of retinal nerve bre layer thickness in primary openangle glaucoma? Thorax.
2018;73(Suppl 4):A130–0.
67. Engleman HM, Martin SE, Deary IJ, Douglas NJ. Effect of continuous positive airway
pressure treatment on daytime function in sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome. Lancet.
1994;343(8897):572–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140- 6736(94)91522- 9.
68. Himori N, Ogawa H, Ichinose M, Nakazawa T.CPAP therapy reduces oxidative stress in
patients with glaucoma and OSAS and improves the visual eld. Graefes Arch Clin Exp
Ophthalmol. 2020;258(4):939–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417- 019- 04483- z.
69. Batum M, Kısabay A, Mayalı H, Göktalay T, Kurt E, Selçuki D, Yılmaz H. Evaluation
of effects of positive airway pressure treatment on retinal ber thickness and visual pathways using optic coherence tomography and visual evoked potentials in the patients with
severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Int Ophthalmol. 2020;40(10):2475–85. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s10792- 020- 01426- 0.
70. Zengin MO, Tuncer I, Karahan E.Retinal nerve ber layer thickness changes in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: one year follow-up results. Int J Ophthalmol. 2014;7(4):704–8.
https://doi.org/10.3980/j.issn.2222- 3959.2014.04.22.
71. Lin PW, Lin HC, Friedman M, Chang HW, Salapatas AM, Lin MC, Chen YC. Effects
of CPAP for patients with OSA on visual sensitivity and retinal thickness. Sleep Med.
2020;67:156–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2019.10.019.
72. Naranjo-Bonilla P, Muñoz-Villanueva MC, Giménez-Gómez R, Jurado-Gámez B.Retinal and
choroidal thickness measurements in obstructive sleep apnea: impacts of continuous positive
airway pressure treatment. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2021;259(11):3381–93.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417- 021- 05322- w.
73. Gupta V.Reversibility of retinochoroidal vascular alteration in patients with obstructive sleep
apnea after continuous positive air pressure and surgical intervention. Indian J Ophthalmol.
2021;69(7):1850–5. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_3150_20.
74. Cohen Y, Ben-Mair E, Rosenzweig E, Shechter-Amir D, Solomon AS.The effect of nocturnal CPAP therapy on the intraocular pressure of patients with sleep apnea syndrome.
A. Nogueira et al.
19 Ophthalmology: Neuro-Ophthalmological
https://t.me/medicina_free
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2015;253(12):2263–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s00417- 015- 3153- 5.
75. Muniesa MJ, Benítez I, Ezpeleta J, Sánchez de la Torre M, Pazos M, Millà E, Barbé F.Effect
of CPAP therapy on 24-hour intraocular pressure-related pattern from contact lens sensors
in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2021;10(4):10. https://doi.
org/10.1167/tvst.10.4.10. PMID: 34003989; PMCID: PMC8054618
76. Kiekens S, De Groot V, Coeckelbergh T, Tassignon MJ, van de Heyning P, De Backer W,
Verbraecken J.Continuous positive airway pressure therapy is associated with an increase in
intraocular pressure in obstructive sleep apnea. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49(3):934–40.
https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.06- 1418.
77. Lin PW, Lin HC, Friedman M, Chang HW, Salapatas AM, Lin MC, Chin CH. Effects
of OSA surgery on ophthalmological microstructures. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol.
2019;128(10):938–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003489419849082.
78. Kaya H, Pekel G, Kaya D, Kara CO, Hıraali MC.The effects of surgical treatment on retinachoroidal ndings in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Ophthalmic Surg
Lasers Imaging Retina. 2019;51(1):35–42. https://doi.org/10.3928/23258160- 20191211- 05.
79. Jayakumar K, Bansal S, Markan A, Agarwal A, Bansal R, Mahajan S, Agrawal R, Gupta
V. Reversibility of retinochoroidal vascular alteration in patients with obstructive sleep
apnea after continuous positive air pressure and surgical intervention. Indian J Ophthalmol.
2021;69(7):1850–5. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_3150_20.
80. Tejero-Garcés G, Ascaso FJ, Casas P, Adiego MI, Baptista P, O’Connor-Reina C, Vicente E,
Plaza G.Assessment of the effectiveness of obstructive sleep apnea treatment using optical
coherence tomography to evaluate retinal ndings. J Clin Med. 2022;11(3):815. https://doi.
org/10.3390/jcm11030815.
81. Chen HY, Chang YC, Lin CC, Sung FC, Chen WC.Obstructive sleep apnea patients having surgery are less associated with glaucoma. J Ophthalmol. 2014;2014:838912. https://doi.
org/10.1155/2014/838912.
82. Gaier ED, Torun N.The enigma of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: an update
for the comprehensive ophthalmologist. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2016;27(6):498–504. https://
doi.org/10.1097/icu.0000000000000318.
83. Mentek M, Aptel F, Godin-Ribuot D, Tamisier R, Pepin JL, Chiquet C.Diseases of the retina
and the optic nerve associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med Rev. 2018;38:113–30.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2017.05.003.
84. Wu Y, Zhou LM, Lou H, Cheng JW, Wei RL.The association between obstructive sleep
apnea and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: a systematic review and
meta-analysis. Curr Eye Res. 2016;41(7):987–92. https://doi.org/10.3109/02713683.201
5.1075221.
85. Sun MH, Lee CY, Liao YJ, Sun CC. Nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy
and its association with obstructive sleep apnoea: a health insurance database study. Acta
Ophthalmol. 2019;97(1):e64–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.13832.
86. Yang HK, Park SJ, Byun SJ, Park KH, Kim JW, Hwang JM.Obstructive sleep apnoea
and increased risk of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. Br J Ophthalmol.
2019;103(8):1123–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol- 2018- 312910.
87. Aptel F, Khayi H, Pépin JL, Tamisier R, Levy P, Romanet JP, Chiquet C.Association of nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: consequences for
obstructive sleep apnea screening and treatment. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015;133(7):797–804.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.0893.
88. Yav aş GF, Küsbeci T, Kaşikci M, Günay E, Doğan M, Unlü M, Inan UÜ. Obstructive sleep
apnea in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy. Curr Eye Res. 2014;39(1):88–92.
https://doi.org/10.3109/02713683.2013.824986.
89. Wu CY, Riangwiwat T, Rattanawong P, Nesmith BLW, Deobhakta A. Association of
obstructive sleep apnea with central serous chorioretinopathy and choroidal thickness: a
systematic review and meta-analysis. Retina. 2018;38(9):1642–51. https://doi.org/10.1097/
IAE.0000000000002117.
345
346
https://t.me/medicina_free
90. Brodie FL, Charlson ES, Aleman TS, Salvo RT, Gewaily DY, Lau MK, Farren ND, Engelhard
SB, Pistilli M, Brucker AJ.Obstructive sleep apnea and central serous chorioretinopathy.
Retina. 2015;35(2):238–43. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000000326.
91. Eom Y, Oh J, Kim SW, Huh K.Systemic factors associated with central serous chorioretinopathy in Koreans. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2012;26(4):260–4. https://doi.org/10.3341/
kjo.2012.26.4.260.
92. Leveque TK, Yu L, Musch DC, Chervin RD, Zacks DN.Central serous chorioretinopathy and
risk for obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath. 2007;11(4):253–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11325- 007- 0112- 3.
93. Liu PK, Chang YC, Tai MH, Tsai RK, Chong IW, Wu KY, Wu WC, Hsu CY, Tsai MJ.The association between central serous chorioretinopathy and sleep apnea: a nationwide populationbased study. Retina. 2020;40(10):2034–44. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000002702.
94. Pan CK, Vail D, Bhattacharya J, Cao M, Mruthyunjaya P.The effect of obstructive sleep apnea
on absolute risk of central serous chorioretinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2020;218:148–55.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2020.05.040.
95. Jain AK, Kaines A, Schwartz S. Bilateral central serous chorioretinopathy resolving rapidly with treatment for obstructive sleep apnea. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol.
2010;248(7):1037–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417- 009- 1257- 5.
96. Tahrani AA, Ali A, Stevens MJ.Obstructive sleep apnoea and diabetes: an update. Curr Opin
Pulm Med. 2013;19(6):631–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCP.0b013e3283659da5.
97. Steiropoulos P, Papanas N, Nena E, Tsara V, Fitili C, Tzouvelekis A, Christaki P, Maltezos E,
Bouros D.Markers of glycemic control and insulin resistance in non-diabetic patients with
obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome: does adherence to CPAP treatment improve glycemic control? Sleep Med. 2009;10(8):887–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2008.10.004.
98. Punjabi NM, Sorkin JD, Katzel LI, Goldberg AP, Schwartz AR, Smith PL.Sleep-disordered
breathing and insulin resistance in middle-aged and overweight men. Am J Respir Crit Care
Med. 2002;165(5):677–82. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.165.5.2104087.
99. Lin QC, Zhang XB, Chen GP, Huang DY, Din HB, Tang AZ.Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is associated with some components of metabolic syndrome in nonobese adults. Sleep
Breath. 2012;16(2):571–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325- 011- 0544- 7.
100. Pamidi S, Wroblewski K, Broussard J, Day A, Hanlon EC, Abraham V, Tasali E.Obstructive
sleep apnea in young lean men: impact on insulin sensitivity and secretion. Diabetes Care.
2012;35(11):2384–9. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc12- 0841.
101. Leong WB, Jadhakhan F, Taheri S, Chen YF, Adab P, Thomas GN.Effect of obstructive sleep
apnoea on diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Diabet Med. 2016;33(2):158–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.12817.
102. Zhu Z, Zhang F, Liu Y, Yang S, Li C, Niu Q, Niu J.Relationship of obstructive sleep Apnoea
with diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:4737064. https://doi.
org/10.1155/2017/4737064.
103. West SD, Groves DC, Lipinski HJ, Nicoll DJ, Mason RH, Scanlon PH, Stradling JR.The
prevalence of retinopathy in men with type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnoea. Diabet
Med. 2010;27(4):423–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464- 5491.2010.02962.x.
104. Rudrappa S, Warren G, Idris I. Obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy, independent of conventional risk factors and
novel biomarkers for diabetic retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96(12):1535. https://doi.
org/10.1136/bjophthalmol- 2012- 301991.
105. Altaf QA, Dodson P, Ali A, Raymond NT, Wharton H, Fellows H, Hampshire-Bancroft R,
Shah M, Shepherd E, Miah J, Barnett AH, Tahrani AA.Obstructive sleep apnea and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. A longitudinal study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
2017;196(7):892–900. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201701- 0175OC.
106. El Ouardighi H, Poppe KG, Kleynen P, Grabzcan L, Veltri F, Bruyneel AV, Nguyen PAH,
Bruyneel M.Obstructive sleep apnea is not associated with diabetic retinopathy in diabetes:
a prospective case-control study. Sleep Breath. 2022;27(1):121–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11325- 022- 02578- 2.
A. Nogueira et al.
Соседние файлы в папке Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана