Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_4533_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана

The Nefertiti bust is one of the oldest preserved realistic three-dimensional images of a human head. It is assumed that the sculpture from limestone coated with stucco was made around 1345 BC in ancient Egypt [1]. Despite its old age, the artists have already created an almost perfectly symmetri­cal face at this time [2]. In the course of the centu­ries until today, humans have tried to create even more accurate images of their peers [3]. Whether in the form of sculpture or carving, the techniques have become more and more detailed. Thus, in the fteenth century, Leonardo da Vinci invented the “dotting box”: a box that could measure an inner object three- dimensionally with the help of rods that were pushed through the box’s walls against the object. The technique was advanced by Sauvage (1785–1857) who, through his physionotype, was able to capture the face of a living model or bust three- dimensionally using a needle pattern solidi­ed by wax (Fig.5.1) [6]. The production of death masks was also part of history from the beginning