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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5802_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
Contents
x
Amniotic uid index 392
Length of the cervix and cervical canal in pregnancy 396
Index 399
EDITORS
P. S. Sidhu , , , ,
Professor of Imaging Sciences
King’s College London
Consultant Radiologist
Department of Clinical Radiology
King’s College Hospital
Denmark Hill
London SE5 9RS
United Kingdom
W. K. Chong , , ,
Associate Professor
University of North Carolina Hospital
Department of Radiology
2016 Old Clinic Bldg, CB#7510
Chapel Hill
North Carolina 27599-7510
United States of America
Keshthra Satchithananda , , , ,
Consultant Radiologist
Department of Radiology
King’s College Hospital
Denmark Hill
London SE5 9RS
United Kingdom
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CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS
Bhavna Batohi ,
Department of Clinical Radiology
King’s College Hospital
London, UK
Wui K. Chong , ,
Department of Radiology
University of North Carolina Hospital
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
Colin R. Deane
Department of Medical Engineering and Physics
King’s College Hospital
London, UK
Annamaria Deganello
Department of Radiology
King’s College Hospital
London, UK
Induni Douglas , (
Department of Radiology
National Hospital of Sri Lanka
Colombo, Sri Lanka
David Elias , ,
Department of Radiology
Kings College Hospital
London, UK
Venus Hedayati ,
Department of Radiology
King’s College Hospital
London, UK
,
)
, ,
Contributing authors
xiv
Dean Y. Huang , , , ,
Department of Radiology
King’s College Hospital
London, UK
Anu E. Obaro
, ,
Department of Clinical Radiology
King’s College Hospital
London, UK
Suzanne M. Ryan ,
Department of Radiology
King’s College Hospital
London, UK
Keshthra Satchithananda , , , ,
Department of Radiology
King’s College Hospital
London, UK
Maria E. K. Sellars
,
Department of Radiology
King’s College Hospital
London, UK
Paul S. Sidhu
, , , ,
Department of Radiology
King’s College Hospital
London, UK
Anthony E. Swartz , (),
WakeMed Physician Practices
Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
Adults
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1
UPPER ABDOMINAL
Anu E. Obaro, Venus
Hedayati, ColinR. Deane,
KeshthraSatchithananda, and
PaulS.Sidhu
Liver 4
Liver size 4
Liver brosis assessment 6
Biliary tree 8
Gallbladder and gallbladder wall 12
Spleen 14
Pancreas 18
Pancreatic duct (adult) 20
Adrenal glands (adult) 22
Diaphragm 24
Upper Abdominal Vasculature 26
Portal vein 26
Hepatic veins 30
Hepatic artery 32
Celiac and superior mesenteric
arteries 36
Doppler ultrasound assessment of
post-prandial intestinal blood
ow 38
Inferior mesenteric artery 40
Upper abdominal
4
Liver size
PREPARATION
None.
POSITION
Supine, right anterior oblique to demonstrate the porta hepatis.
TRANSDUCER
2.0–6.0 MHz curvilinear transducer.
METHOD
Longitudinal views are taken in the midclavicular and midline positions, and measurements obtained. Anteroposterior diameters are also
measured at the midpoint of the longitudinal diameters. All measurements are taken on deep inspiration.
APPEARANCE
Uniform pattern of medium-strength echoes.
MEASUREMENTS
There are signicant variations in liver size due to gender, age, body
mass index and weight.
Diameter Female
cm (mean ± SD)
Midclavicular line (largest
craniocaudal diameter)
Age (years) Midclavicular line liver diameter
18–25 13.6 ± 1.5
26–35 13.7 ± 1.6
36–45 14.0 ± 1.6
46–55 14.2 ± 1.7
56–65 14.4 ± 1.8
≥ 66 14.1 ± 2.0
In the transverse plane, the normal caudate lobe should be less than 2/3
of the size of the right lobe.
14.9 ± 1.6 15.1 ± 1.5
cm (mean ± SD)
Male
cm (mean ± SD)
A midline
longitudinal view
through the left
lobe of the liver,
demonstrating the
anteroposterior
diameter (AP)
and the midline
longitudinal length
(ML).
Liver size
5
A midclavicular
longitudinal view
through the right
lobe of the liver,
with a midclavicular
anteroposterior
diameter (MAP)
and a midclavicular
longitudinal length
(MCL).
FURTHER READING
Kratzer W, Fritz V, Mason RA, Haenle MM, Kaechele V. Factors
affecting liver size: A sonographic survey of 2080 subjects. J
Ultrasound Med. 2003; 22:1155–1161.
Patzak M, Porzner M, Oeztuerk S, Mason RA, Wilhelm M, Graeter
T, Kratzer W, Haenle MM, Akinli AS. Assessment of liver size
by ultrasonography. J Clin Ultrasound. 2014; 42:399–404.