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High Yield Review for the Otolaryngology In-service and Board Exams
Fred Y. Lin Zara M. Patel
Editors
Second Edition
123
ENT Board Prep
Fred Y. Lin • Zara M. Patel
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Editors
ENT Board Prep
High Yield Review fortheOtolaryngology In-service andBoard Exams
Editors
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Fred Y. Lin Otolaryngology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
Zara M. Patel Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Stanford Medicine Palo Alto, CA, USA
ISBN 978-3-031-26047-6 ISBN 978-3-031-26048-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26048-3
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microlms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specic statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional afliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
To my husband and love, André, to my sister
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and best friend, Cheherazade, and to my parents and loving guides, Marzban and Shireen.
-Zara M.Patel To my wife and kids.
-Fred Y.Lin
Preface
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As the eld of Otolaryngology continues to grow, the depth and breadth of informa­tion that we are responsible for as otolaryngologists have also expanded. Along with the many recent advances in the subspecialties of Head and Neck, Plastics, Otology, Laryngology, Rhinology, and Pediatrics, we must also know Allergy, Sleep Medicine, Trauma, and the fundamentals of Fluid Balance, Nutrition, and those Systemic dis­eases that so frequently manifest in the head and neck region. The Board examina­tion is designed to verify our grasp of this ever-increasing body of knowledge.
When we studied for our Board exam, we spent hours poring over textbooks, searching the Internet for answers we could not nd in those books and then going back to those sources over and over as the review books we were using would remind us, but not inform us, of something more in depth that we had forgotten by those last few weeks leading up to the exam.
We found ourselves in need of a different kind of study guide. We wished for a directed review book to use as our source; brief enough to get through in the 1–2 weeks leading up to the exam, yet in depth enough so we would not need to go back to another source for more information.
As a result, 7 years ago we compiled the rst edition of this review guide. It covered all the topics noted above. We have been humbled and gratied over the last 7 years by the many residents and fellows who have reached out to us letting us know our text helped them excel in their in-service exams and pass their Boards with ying colors. We feel so privileged to have this text featured as one of the most commonly used by residents and fellows studying for the Board and in-service, and this has motivated us to produce this second edition—even more precise and com­prehensive than before.
We have again asked experts in all subspecialties to serve as section editors, and we thank them for their excellent contributions. We hope it serves future residents and fellows in those crucial weeks leading up to the exam, and that it consolidates the years of training they have gone through to join our specialty.
New York, NY, USA FredY.Lin Palo Alto, CA, USA ZaraM.Patel
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Contents
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Part I Pediatrics
1 Embryology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Anatoli F. Karas and Janet Waimin Lee
2 General Pediatric Otolaryngology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Anatoli F. Karas and Janet Waimin Lee
3 Congenital Syndromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Anatoli F. Karas and Janet Waimin Lee
4 Pediatric Airway and Esophagology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Anatoli F. Karas and Janet Waimin Lee
5 Pediatric Otology and Cochlear Implants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Anatoli F. Karas and Janet Waimin Lee
Part II Rhinology/Allergy
6 Rhinology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Katie Phillips, Katherine Fedder, and Zara M. Patel
7 Allergy and Immunology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Anthony Del Signore, Todd Spock, and Zara M. Patel
8 Systemic, Infectious, and Inflammatory Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Ansley M. Roche and Zara M. Patel
Part III General
9 Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Obstructive Sleep Apnea. . . . . . . . . 139
Eliezer C. Kinberg, Lucia S. Olarte, and Fred Y. Lin
10 Fluids, Hemostasis, Nutrition, and Pulmonary Physiology . . . . . . . . . 163
Peter Filip, Alexander N. Goel, and Fred Y. Lin
ix
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Contents
11 Therapeutics: Pharmacology, Chemotherapy,
Radiation Oncology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Anni Wong, Anthony Del Signore, and Fred Y. Lin
12 Head and Neck Pathology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Caleb J. Fan, Andrey Filimonov, Lucia S. Olarte, Kelly Magliocca, and Fred Y. Lin
Part IV Otology
13 Basic Science of the Temporal Bone and Audiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Stanley Pelosi
14 Vestibular Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Stanley Pelosi
15 Otologic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Stanley Pelosi
16 The Facial Nerve and Lateral Skull Base Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Stanley Pelosi
Part V Head and Neck
17 Thyroid and Parathyroid Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Noel M. Phan, Anthony Del Signore, Brett A. Miles, and Mohemmed Khan
18 Salivary Gland Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Zachary G. Schwam and Mohemmed Khan
19 Head and Neck Lymphoma and Sarcoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Vivian F. Kaul, Mohemmed Khan, and Brett A. Miles
20 Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Arvind K. Badhey, Victor J. Schorn, Brett A. Miles, and Mohemmed Khan
21 Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma . . . . . . . 393
Ameya A. Jategaonkar and Mohemmed Khan
22 Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
Todd Spock, Alfred Marc Iloreta, Brett A. Miles, and Mohemmed Khan
23 Vascular Malformations and Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Benjamin M. Laitman, Eitan Prisman, Brett A. Miles, and Mohemmed Khan
24 Cutaneous and Temporal Bone Malignancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
Kevin Wong, Hailun Wang, Brett A. Miles, and Mohemmed Khan
Contents
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25 Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
Robert N. Sharobiem, Todd R. Wentland, Brett A. Miles, and Mohemmed Khan
Part VI Laryngology
26 Deep Neck Space Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
Ahmed Salama Abdelmeguid and C. Kwang Sung
27 Laryngology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
Arash Shahangian and C. Kwang Sung
28 Benign Lesions of the Larynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
Ahmed Salama Abdelmeguid, Melynda Barnes, and C. Kwang Sung
29 Dysphagia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513
Anaïs Rameau, Jennifer Alyono, and C. Kwang Sung
30 Lasers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
Ahmed Salama Abdelmeguid, Paula Borges, and C. Kwang Sung
Part VII Facial Plastics and Reconstruction
xi
31 Facial Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
Jaclyn Alycia Klimczak, Chaz L. Stucken, and Joshua D. Rosenberg
32 Head and Neck Reconstruction: Local, Pedicled, and Free Flaps . . . 575
Vivian F. Kaul, Mingyang Gray, and Joshua D. Rosenberg
33 Head and Neck Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
Ashley J. Guthrie, Matthew B. Hirsch, and Joshua D. Rosenberg
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609
Contributors
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AhmedSalamaAbdelmeguid, MD, PhD Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
Jennifer Alyono, MD, MS Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
ArvindK.Badhey, MD Department of Otolaryngology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
MelyndaBarnes Ro’s Women’s Health Vertical, New York, NY, USA
Paula Borges, MD Head and Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Sacramento
Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
CalebJ.Fan, MD Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
KatherineFedder, MD Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Andrey Filimonov, MD, PharmD Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
PeterFilip, MD Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
AlexanderN.Goel, MD Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
Mingyang Gray, MD, MPH Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
AshleyJ.Guthrie, MD Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guthrie Facial Plastic Surgery, Brentwood, TN, USA
Matthew B. Hirsch, MD Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon, Private Practice, Monmouth County, NJ, USA
xiii