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140
Chapter 3 Biometry of the Fetal Brain
2
Th
Figure 3–17. Measurement of the Thaamus-to-tip of the posterior horn (1), choroid plexus thickness (2) and posterior horn height (3).
Th
Figure 3–18. Measurement of the Midline-to-upper edge of the lateral ventricle (4) and depth of the lateral ventricle (5).
1
3
4
5
Th
OTHER INTRACRANIAL STRUCTURES
Thalamus, Basal Nuclei–Insula,
and Temporal Operculum
Definitions
The thalamus is a diencephalic structure separated from
the epithalamus by the epithalamic sulcus and from the
hypothalamus by the hypothalamic sulcus. It develops
rapidly on each side and bulges into the cavity of the
third ventricle, molding and reducing its size. In most
brains (70%) the thalami fuse in the midline, forming a
bridge of gray matter called the massa intermedia.
66
The basal nuclei are an arbitrary group that includes
the corpus striatum, the amygdaloid body, and the claustrum. The corpus striatum and the claustrum are telencephalic structures, whereas the amygdaloid body is
of diencephalic origin. From a clinical point of view, the
subthalamic nucleus and the substantia nigra are added, to
complete the basal structures affected pathologically in the
so-called extrapyramidal motor diseases.
67
The temporal operculum corresponds to the caudal
end of the temporal lobe, growing forward and downward
to form the posterocaudal edge of the lateral sulcus. The
insula is a portion of the cerebral cortex buried by the folds
of frontal, parietal, and temporal cortices that form the
walls of the lateral sulcus.
68
7
6
7
Figure 3–19. Measurement of the width (6) and weight (7) of the posterior horn.
Table 3–27. BIOMETRY OF THE CORPUS CALLOSUM
Chapter 3 Biometry of the Fetal Brain
Thickness (mm)
141
Gestational Age (weeks) Length (mm)
18–19 16.9 ± 2.4 2.2 ± 0.5 1.3 ± 0.1 2.1 ± 0.1
20–21 20.6 ± 4.4 2.3 ± 0.6 1.6 ± 0.1 2.1 ± 0.1
22–23 23.3 ± 3.0 2.7 ± 0.6 1.7 ± 0.2 3.1 ± 0.2
24–25 29.8 ± 2.3 3.0 ± 0.6 1.9 ± 0.3 3.0 ± 0.3
26–27 33.7 ± 2.4 3.5 ± 0.6 2.0 ± 0.2 3.3 ± 0.6
28–29 25.8 ± 2.8 4.0 ± 0.7 2.0 ± 0.4 4.0 ± 0.8
30–31 36.8 ± 1.4 4.2 ± 0.5 2.1 ± 0.4 4.1 ± 0.7
32–33 39.1 ± 4.3 4.5 ± 1.2 2.5 ± 0.6 4.2 ± 0.8
34–35 40.6 ± 6.4 4.6 ± 0.5 2.5 ± 0.5 4.4 ± 0.8
36–37 41.9 ± 3.5 5.0 ± 0.4 2.5 ± 0.4 4.4 ± 1.3
38–39 43.0 ± 4.2 4.8 ± 0.7 2.6 ± 0.5 4.4 ± 0.6
40–42 44.0 ± 3.8 4.8 ± 0.4 2.6 ± 0.5 4.4 ± 0.7
From Malinger and colleauges, 1993,
65
with permission.
Genu Body Splenlum
142
Chapter 3 Biometry of the Fetal Brain
Table 3–28. THALAMUS TO THE TIP OF THE POSTERIOR HORN
Estimated Gestational
Age (weeks) 5th Percentile (mm) 50th Percentile (mm) Percentile 95th (mm)
14 6.06 13.34 20.62
15 6.47 13.75 21.03
16 6.87 14.15 21.43
17 7.27 14.55 21.83
18 7.68 14.96 22.24
19 8.08 15.36 22.64
20 8.49 15.77 23.05
21 8.89 16.17 23.45
22 9.29 16.57 23.85
23 9.70 16.98 24.26
24 10.10 17.38 24.66
25 10.51 17.79 25.07
26 10.91 18.19 25.47
27 11.31 18.60 25.88
28 11.72 19.00 26.28
29 12.12 19.40 26.68
30 12.53 19.81 27.09
31 12.93 20.21 27.49
32 13.34 20.62 27.90
33 13.74 21.01 28.30
34 14.14 21.42 28.70
35 14.55 21.83 29.11
36 14.95 22.23 29.51
37 15.36 22.64 29.92
38 15.76 23.04 30.32
39 16.16 23.44 30.72
40 16.57 23.85 31.13
From Monteagudo et al, 1993, 60 by permission.
Chapter 3 Biometry of the Fetal Brain
Table 3–29. CHOROID PLEXUS THICKNESS
Estimated Gestational
Age (weeks) 5th Percentile (mm) 50th Percentile (mm) 95th Percentile (mm)
14 4.41 8.89 13.37
15 4.48 8.96 13.44
16 4.55 9.03 13.51
17 4.62 9.10 13.58
18 4.69 9.17 13.65
19 4.76 9.24 13.72
20 4.83 9.31 13.79
21 4.90 9.38 13.86
22 4.97 9.45 13.93
23 5.04 9.52 14.00
24 5.11 9.59 14.07
25 5.18 9.66 14.14
26 5.25 9.73 14.21
27 5.32 9.80 14.28
28 5.39 9.87 14.34
29 5.45 9.93 14.41
30 5.52 10.00 14.48
31 5.59 10.07 14.55
32 5.66 10.14 14.62
33 5.73 10.21 14.69
34 5.80 10.28 14.76
35 5.87 10.35 14.83
36 5.94 10.42 14.90
37 6.00 10.49 14.97
38 6.08 10.56 15.04
39 6.15 10.63 15.11
40 6.22 10.70 15.18
143
From Monteagudo et al, 1993, 60 by permission.
144
Chapter 3 Biometry of the Fetal Brain
Table 3–30. POSTERIOR HORN HEIGHT
Estimated Gestational
Age (weeks) 5th Percentile (mm) 50th Percentile (mm) 95th Percentile (mm)
14 1.97 6.91 11.85
15 2.20 7.14 12.08
16 2.42 7.36 12.30
17 2.64 7.58 12.53
18 2.87 7.81 12.75
19 3.09 8.03 12.97
20 3.32 8.26 13.20
21 3.54 8.48 13.42
22 3.76 8.70 13.64
23 3.99 8.93 13.87
24 4.21 9.15 14.09
25 4.43 9.37 14.31
26 4.66 9.60 14.54
27 4.88 9.82 14.76
28 5.11 10.05 14.98
29 5.33 10.27 15.21
30 5.55 10.49 15.43
31 5.78 10.72 15.66
32 6.00 10.94 15.88
33 6.22 11.16 16.10
34 6.45 11.39 16.33
35 6.67 11.61 16.55
36 6.90 11.84 16.78
37 7.12 12.06 17.00
38 7.34 12.28 17.22
39 7.57 12.51 17.45
40 7.79 12.73 17.67
From Monteagudo et al, 1993, 60 by permission.
Chapter 3 Biometry of the Fetal Brain
Table 3–31. MIDLINE TO THE UPPER EDGE OF THE LATERAL VENTRICLE
Estimated Gestational
Age (weeks) 5th Percentile (mm) 50th Percentile (mm) 95th Percentile (mm)
14 3.95 8.39 12.83
15 4.19 8.63 13.07
16 4.44 8.88 13.32
17 4.68 9.12 13.56
18 4.93 9.37 13.81
19 5.17 9.61 14.05
20 5.42 9.86 14.30
21 5.67 10.11 14.55
22 5.91 10.35 14.79
23 6.16 10.60 15.04
24 6.40 10.84 15.28
25 6.65 11.09 15.53
26 6.89 11.33 15.77
27 7.14 11.58 16.02
28 7.39 11.83 16.27
29 7.63 12.07 16.51
30 7.98 12.32 16.76
31 8.12 12.56 17.00
32 8.37 12.81 17.25
33 8.62 13.06 17.50
34 8.86 13.30 17.74
35 9.11 13.55 17.99
36 9.35 13.79 18.23
37 9.60 14.04 18.48
38 9.84 14.28 18.72
39 10.09 14.53 18.97
40 10.34 14.78 19.22
145
From Monteagudo et al, 1993, 60 by permission.
146
Chapter 3 Biometry of the Fetal Brain
Table 3–32. DEPTH OF THE LATERAL VENTRICLE
Estimated Gestational
Age (weeks) 5th Percentile (mm) 50th Percentile (mm) 95th Percentile (mm)
14 2.25 5.49 8.73
15 2.18 5.42 8.66
16 2.11 5.35 8.59
17 2.04 5.28 8.52
18 1.97 5.21 8.45
19 1.91 5.15 8.39
20 1.84 5.08 8.32
21 1.77 5.00 8.25
22 1.70 4.94 8.18
23 1.63 4.87 8.11
24 1.56 4.80 8.04
25 1.49 4.73 7.97
26 1.42 4.66 7.90
27 1.35 4.59 7.83
28 1.28 4.52 7.76
29 1.23 4.45 7.69
30 1.14 4.38 7.62
31 1.07 4.31 7.55
32 1.00 4.24 7.48
33 0.93 4.17 7.41
34 0.87 4.11 7.35
35 0.80 4.04 7.28
36 0.73 3.97 7.21
37 0.66 3.90 7.14
38 0.59 3.83 7.07
39 0.52 3.76 7.00
40 0.45 3.69 6.93
From Monteagudo et al, 1993, 60 by permission.
Chapter 3 Biometry of the Fetal Brain
Table 3–33. WIDTH OF THE POSTERIOR HORN
Estimated Gestational
Age (weeks) 5th Percentile (mm) 50th Percentile (mm) 95th Percentile (mm)
14 1.23 5.53 9.83
16 1.31 5.61 9.91
17 1.36 5.66 9.96
18 1.40 5.70 10.00
19 1.44 5.74 10.04
20 1.48 5.78 10.08
21 1.52 5.82 10.12
22 1.56 5.86 10.16
23 1.60 5.90 10.20
24 1.65 5.95 10.25
25 1.69 6.00 10.29
26 1.73 6.03 10.33
27 1.77 6.07 10.37
28 1.82 6.12 10.42
29 1.86 6.16 10.46
30 1.90 6.20 10.50
31 1.94 6.24 10.54
32 1.98 6.28 10.58
33 2.02 6.32 10.62
34 2.07 6.37 10.67
35 2.10 6.40 10.71
36 2.15 6.45 10.75
37 2.19 6.49 10.79
38 2.23 6.53 10.83
39 2.28 6.58 10.88
147
From Monteagudo et al, 1993, 60 by permission.
148
Chapter 3 Biometry of the Fetal Brain
Table 3–34. HEIGHT OF THE POSTERIOR HORN
Estimated Gestational
Age (weeks) 5th Percentile (mm) 50th Percentile (mm) 95th Percentile (mm)
14 0.70 5.80 10.90
16 0.94 6.04 11.14
17 1.06 6.16 11.26
18 1.18 6.28 11.38
19 1.30 6.40 11.50
20 1.42 6.52 11.62
21 1.54 6.64 11.74
22 1.66 6.76 11.86
23 1.78 6.88 11.98
24 1.90 7.00 12.10
25 2.02 7.12 12.22
26 2.15 7.25 12.35
27 2.27 7.37 12.47
28 2.39 7.49 12.59
29 2.51 7.61 12.71
30 2.63 7.73 12.83
31 2.75 7.85 12.95
32 2.87 7.97 13.07
33 2.99 8.09 13.19
34 3.11 8.21 13.31
35 3.23 8.33 13.43
36 3.34 8.45 13.55
37 3.47 8.57 13.67
38 3.59 8.69 13.79
39 3.71 8.80 13.91
From Monteagudo et al, 1993, 60 by permission.
Table 3–35. RATIO OF THE THALAMUS TO THE TIP OF THE OCCIPITAL (POSTERIOR) HORN TO CHOROID PLEXUS THICKNESS
Estimated
Gestational
Age
(weeks)
14 0.50 1.55 2.60 28 0.95 1.99 3.05
15 0.54 1.59 2.64 29 0.98 2.03 3.08
16 0.57 1.62 2.68 30 1.00 2.06 3.11
17 0.59 1.65 2.70 31 1.04 2.09 3.14
18 0.63 1.68 2.73 32 1.07 2.12 3.17
19 0.66 1.71 2.76 33 1.10 2.15 3.20
20 0.69 1.74 2.79 34 1.14 2.19 3.24
21 0.73 1.78 2.83 35 1.17 2.22 3.27
22 0.76 1.81 2.86 36 1.20 2.25 3.30
23 0.79 1.84 2.89 37 1.23 2.28 3.33
24 0.82 1.87 2.92 38 1.26 2.31 3.36
25 0.85 1.90 2.95 39 1.29 2.34 3.39
26 0.88 1.93 2.98 40 1.32 2.37 3.42
27 0.91 1.96 3.01
From Monteagudo et al, 1993, 60 by permission.
5th
Percentile
(mm)
50th
Percentile
(mm)
95th
Percentile
(mm)
Estimated
Gestational
Age
(weeks)
5th
Percentile
(mm)
50th
Percentile
(mm)
95th
Percentile
(mm)
Chapter 3 Biometry of the Fetal Brain
149