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USMLE Step 2 CK

l Internal Medicine

Goodpasture syndrome and, 274 Henoch-Schönlein purpura and, 273 idiopathic rapidly progressive and, 276 immunoglobulin A nephropathy and, 275 infective endocarditis and, 249 nephrotic syndrome and, 277–278 polyarteritis nodosa and, 273, 274–275 postinfectious, 275 systemic lupus erythematosus and, 276 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic

syndrome and, 273

Wegener granulomatosis and, 273, 274 Glucagon-like peptide (GLP), 34, 35 Glucocorticoids

for congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 47

for rheumatoid arthritis, 59 Glucosamine, osteoarthritis and, 70 Glucose, hypoglycemia and, 39–40 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deﬁciency, 191

in hemolytic anemia, 185

in microcytic anemia, 179

in sickle cell disease, 186 Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), 34–35 Glucose tolerance, acromegaly and, 13 Gluten, celiac disease and, 97, 98 Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors

for ST elevation myocardial infarction, 130

for unstable angina/NSTEMI, 125 Glycosylated hemoglobin A Goiter

Hashimoto thyroiditis, 26

hyperthyroidism, 19, 21, 22

hypothyroidism, 24 Gonadotropins. See Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH);

Luteinizing hormone (LH) Gonads, radiation injury to, 378 Goodpasture syndrome, 274 Gottron’s papules, 75 Gout, 70–71, 270

synovial ﬂuid analysis in, 55 Gram-negative bacilli, 211–212 Gram-positive cocci, 209–211 Gram stain, in rheumatologic disease evaluation, 54, 55 Granuloma inguinale, 238–239 Graves’ disease, 21–23 Griseofulvin

for onychomycosis, 417

for tinea capitis, 417 Growth hormone (GH)

acromegaly and, 13–14

hypopituitarism and, 14–15 Guillain-Barré syndrome, 398–399 Gynecomastia, hypogonadism and, 51

, diabetes mellitus and, 33–34

Hair-related disorders, 431–432

fungal infection of, 417–418 Hairy cell leukemia, 195 Hallucinogen overdose, 363 Hallucinosis, alcoholic, 370 Haloperidol, for Huntington disease, 406 Hampton hump, 334 Hashimoto thyroiditis, 25, 26 Head

infections involving, 217–220

trauma to, emergency management of, 371–373 Headaches, 395–397 Heart failure (HF). See Congestive heart failure (CHF) Heart rate/rhythm disturbances, 160–172 Heat cramps, 376 Heat disorders, 376–377 Heat exhaustion, 376 Heat stroke, 377 Heavy metals toxicity, 364 Heerfordt-Waldenstrom syndrome, 328

Helicobacter pylori

in epigastric pain diagnosis, 83

in gastritis, 87

in peptic ulcer disease, 85–87 Hematology. See also individual diseases and conditions

acute leukemia, 192–193

anemia of chronic disease, 180–181, 183

aplastic anemia, 191–192

chronic leukemia, 193–195

coagulopathy, 203–208

hemolytic anemia, 185–191

lymphoma, 198–201

macrocytic anemia, 177, 179, 183–185

microcytic anemia, 179, 181–182, 183

plasma cell disorders, 196–197

platelet disorders, 201–203

sideroblastic anemia, 179, 181–182, 183

thalassemia, 182–183 Hematomas, head trauma and, 371–373 Hematuria, 279 Hemidiaphragm, right, on chest x-ray, 434 Hemochromatosis, 107–108 Hemodialysis, for toxic substance removal, 358 Hemodynamic instability, in ventricular tachycardia, 350 Hemoglobin

in acute renal failure, 269–270

oxygen delivery and, 309 Hemolytic anemia, 185–191

autoimmune, cold agglutinin, and drug-induced, 188–189

G6PD deﬁciency and. See Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

(G6PD) deﬁciency hereditary spherocytosis, 189–190 hereditary vs. acquired, classiﬁcation of, 185

460

Index

Данная книга находится в списке для перевода на русский язык сайта https://meduniver.com/

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 190–191

sickle cell disease, 186–188 Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), 206, 273 Hemophilia A and B, 203–204 Hemorrhage

intracranial, headache with, 395

subarachnoid, 374–375, 389

subconjunctival, 446

vitreal, 441 Hemorrhagic pleural effusions, 312 Henoch-Schönlein purpura, 273 Heparin, for pulmonary thromboembolism, 336 Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, 207–208, 336 Hepatitis, acute, 231–234 Hepatitis A vaccination, 5

for travelers, 3 Hepatitis B virus

chronic hepatitis with, 109

polyarteritis nodosa and, 73 Hepatitis B virus vaccination, 4–5

for travelers, 3 Hepatitis C virus, chronic hepatitis with, 109 Hepatorenal syndrome, 265 Hereditary nonpolyposis syndrome, 100 Hereditary polyposis syndromes, 100–101 Hereditary spherocytosis, 189–190 Heredity, ischemic heart disease risk and, 118 Herniation, in spinal cord compression, 383 Herpes simplex infection

of genitals, 239, 421–422

of lip, 422 Herpes simplex keratitis, 447 Herpes zoster vaccine, 6 Herpes zoster/varicella infection, 422–423 Hiatal hernia, chest pain in, 115 HIDA scanning, in cholecystitis, 438–439 High-resolution computed tomography, for lung parenchyma

imaging, 437

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), for acquired

immune deﬁciency syndrome, 259 Hip, in osteoarthritis, 69 Histamine blockers

in GERD management, 84 peptic ulcer disease and, 85, 86, 87 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and, 88

HIV patients. See also Acquired immune deﬁciency syndrome

(AIDS)

Candida esophagitis in, 81 MMR vaccine in, 5 reactive arthritis in, 67 shingles vaccine in, 6 typhoid prophylaxis in, 3 varicella vaccine in, 5

Hives, in urticaria, 413–414

Hodgkin disease, 198–199, 200 “Honeymoon” period, in diabetes mellitus, 39 Hormones. See also individually named hormones

parathyroid, 27–28 pituitary, 10, 11

thyroid, 20–21 Hospital-acquired pneumonia, 222 Hospital admission, for persistent hypoxemia, 314 “H’s and T’s,” of dysrhythmia management, 346 Human bites, 380 Human immunodeﬁciency virus (HIV). See HIV patients Human papilloma virus (HPV)

cervical cancer screening and, 2

genital warts and, 239–240

vaccine for, 6 Hungry bones syndrome, 31 Huntington disease, 406 Hyaluronic acid, for osteoarthritis, 70 Hydration

for acute renal failure prevention, 272

for burn injury, 376

for caustics/corrosives exposure, 362 Hydroxychloroquine, in rheumatoid arthritis management, 59 Hydroxyurea, for sickle cell disease, 188 Hyperaldosteronism, 45–46

hyporeninemic/hypoaldosteronism (type IV), 290

primary, 297 Hypercalcemia, 28–30, 270

in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 88 Hypercalciuria, 291 Hypercholesterolemia, screening for, 7 Hypergastrinemia, 88 Hyperinsulinism, 40 Hyperkalemia, 285–286 Hyperlipidemia, lipid-lowering treatment for, 122 Hyperlipiduria, Maltese cross sign of, 277 Hypermagnesemia, in end-stage renal disease, 280 Hypernatremia, 284 Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK), 37 Hyperoxaluria, 291 Hyperparathyroidism, 30–31 Hyperphosphatemia, in end-stage renal disease, 279–280 Hyperpigmentation, in Addison disease, 47 Hyperprolactinemia, 11–12 Hypersensitivity reactions, 413–417 Hypertension (HTN)

drug therapy for, 295, 298–300

in end-stage renal disease, 280

essential, 292–295

hypertensive emergency, 293, 296

ischemic heart disease risk and, 118

malignant, 296

pheochromocytoma management and, 50

pulmonary, as chest pain cause, 115

461

USMLE Step 2 CK

l Internal Medicine

resistant, 296 screening for diabetes mellitus in, 8

secondary, 296–298 Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis), 21–24 Hypertonicity, in diabetes insipidus, 17 Hypertriglyceridemia, acute pancreatitis and, 103 Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 154–156 Hypervolemic states, hyponatremia, 281–283 Hypocalcemia, 31–32, 279–280 Hypocitraturia, 291 Hypoglycemia, 39–40 Hypogonadism, 50–51 Hypokalemia, 284–285 Hyponatremia, 281–283 Hypoparathyroidism, 32 Hypopituitarism, 14–16 Hyporeninemic/hypoaldosteronism (type IV), 290 Hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA), 9 Hypothalamus, pituitary gland and, 9–11 Hypothermia, 377–378 Hypothyroidism, 24–25 Hypouricemic therapy, for gout, 71 Hypovolemic shock, 176 Hypovolemic states, 281–283 Hypoxemia, persistent, 314

Ibuprofen, for osteoarthritis, 69 Ice water immersion

for heat stroke, 377

for supraventricular tachycardia, 352 Idiopathic osteoarthritis, 69 Idiopathic pulmonary ﬁbrosis (IPF), 327–328 Idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), 276 Imaging studies. See also individual imaging modalities

abdominal x-rays, 437–439

bone imaging, 440

for central nervous system visualization, 440

chest x-ray, 433–437

PET scanning, 439 Imatinib, for chronic myelogenous leukemia, 194 Immune system, in acquired immune deﬁciency syndrome and,

256–257 Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), 201 Immunizations, as preventive medicine, 4–6 Immunocompromised/immunosuppressed patients.

See also HIV patients

MMR vaccine in, 5

shingles vaccine in, 6 Immunoﬂuorescent stains, in pemphigus vulgaris diagnosis, 412 Immunoglobulin A (IgA)

deﬁciency in Celiac disease, 97

nephropathy, 275 Immunoglobulin E (IgE), in urticaria, 412–413

Immunoglobulin therapy

for Guillain-Barré syndrome, 399

for myasthenia gravis, 400 Impetigo, 419–420 Inclusion body myositis, 75 Incretin mimetics, for diabetes mellitus, 34–35 Indapamide, in CHF management, 141 Indinavir, as acute renal failure cause, 272 Induced vomiting, for toxic ingestion, 357 Infections, of skin

bacterial, 419–421

fungal, 419–421

parasitic infestations, 423–424

viral, 421–422 Infectious diarrhea, 91–94, 229–231

organisms causing, 92 Infectious diseases. See also individual diseases and conditions

acquired immunodeﬁciency syndrome, 254–259

anaerobic bacteria as cause of, 212

antibiotic therapy for, 209–212. See also speciﬁc classes and

individually named antibiotics

aspergillosis, 260–261

asthma and, 317

of bone and joints. See Bone and joint infections

carditis, 245–251

of central nervous system, 212–216

end-stage renal disease as risk factor for, 280

gastrointestinal, 229–231

genital infections and sexually transmitted diseases, 234–240

as glomerulonephritis cause, 275

gram-negative bacilli as cause of, 211–212

gram-positive cocci as cause of, 209–211

of head and neck, 217–220

hepatic, 231–234

of lung, 220–228

Lyme disease, 252–253

as nephrolithiasis cause, 291–292

Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 253

tetanus, 260

tick-borne, 252–253

toxoplasmosis, 256

of urinary tract, 240–242 Infective endocarditis, 245–251

complications of, 249

microorganisms causing, 247

prevention of, 251

risk factors for, 246

subacute, 248

therapy for, 249–250 Inﬂammatory bowel disease (IBD), 90–91

enteropathic arthropathy and, 68

primary sclerosis cholangitis in, 107 Inﬂammatory diseases

hypopituitarism and, 14

myopathies, 75

462

Index

Данная книга находится в списке для перевода на русский язык сайта https://meduniver.com/

Inﬂiximab (Remicade)

for ankylosing spondylitis, 67

for rheumatoid arthritis, 59 Inﬂuenza, 219–220 Injury, screening for, 8 Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), 33–39 Insulin-like growth factor (IGF), acromegaly and, 14 Insulin preparations, in diabetes mellitus management, 35, 36 Insulinoma, 40 Interferons, for multiple sclerosis, 403 International Normalized Ratio (INR), anticoagulation and, 207–208 Interphalangeal joints, in osteoarthritis, 69 Interstitial lung diseases (ILD), 326–331

asbestosis, 330

coal miner’s lung/coal worker’s pneumoconiosis, 331

idiopathic pulmonary ﬁbrosis, 327–328

pneumoconiosis, 330

sarcoidosis, 328–329 Interstitial syndromes, of lung, 435 Intertriginous infection, of skin, 419 Intracranial hemorrhage, headache with, 395 Intravenous (IV) ﬂuid, for acute pancreatitis, 104 Intrinsic thyroid autonomy, hyperthyroidism, 21 Iodine therapy

radioactive, for Graves’ disease, 22

thyroid storm, 24 Ionizing radiation, injury from, 378 Ipecac, for toxic ingestion, 357 Iron deﬁciency anemia, 180, 181

in celiac disease, 97

iron indices in, 183 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 95–96 Ischemia, as acute coronary syndrome complication, 132 Ischemic heart disease (IHD), 116–122

angina in, 119–122

dyslipidemia in, treatment for, 122

myocardial ischemia in, 119

risk factors, 117–119

secondary prevention of, 122 Isoniazid (INH), for tuberculosis, 227 Isopropyl alcohol toxicity, 360 Itraconazole, for onychomycosis and tinea capitis, 417

J-wave, in hypothermia, 377 Janeway lesions, 248 Joints

aspiration of, in rheumatologic disease evaluation, 54–55

infections of, 242–245, 440

in osteoarthritis, 69 Jugular venous pressure (JVP), in congestive heart failure, 136 Juvenile polyposis syndrome, 100, 101

Kallmann syndrome, 50 Kaposi sarcoma, 428 Kartagener syndrome, 325 Kayser-Fleisher rings, in Wilson disease, 107 Keratitis, 446–447 Keratoderma blennorrhagica, 67 Ketoconazole, for fungal infections of skin, 417–418 Kidney. See also Renal entries

ACE inhibitor effects on, 266

in scleroderma, 63 Kidney stones, 290–292 Kidney transplantation, 280–281 Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome, 38 Klinefelter syndrome, 51 Knee, in osteoarthritis, 69 Korsakoff psychosis, 370

Labyrinthitis, 394 Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), in pleural effusions, 312 Lactose intolerance, diarrhea with, 95 Lamivudine, for hepatitis infection, 233 Lanreotide, for acromegaly, 14 Large-cell lung carcinoma, 340 Lateral chest x-rays, 434 Lead poisoning, 364

basophilic stippling in, 182 Ledipasvir, for hepatitis, 233–234 Leg raising, effect on systolic murmurs, 151 Legionella, as pneumonia cause, 222–225 Leukemia

acute, 192–193

chronic, 193–195 Leukotriene modiﬁers, 319 Levothyroxine (T4), 25, 27 Lewy bodies, dementia and, 405 Libman-Sacks endocarditis, 61 Lice infestation, of skin, 424 Lidocaine, for ventricular tachycardia, 350 Lifestyle changes

diabetes mellitus and, 34

hypertension and, 294 Limited scleroderma, 63 Linezoline, for gram-positive cocci, 210 Lip, herpes simplex infection of, 422 Lipase test, in acute pancreatitis diagnosis, 104 Lipid-lowering treatment, for ischemic heart disease prevention, 122

target goals for, 122 Lipid testing, in diabetes mellitus patients, 38 Lithium

as acute renal failure cause, 272

overdose/poisoning, 358, 364–365

463

USMLE Step 2 CK

l Internal Medicine

Liver disease, 105–106. See also Hepatitis entries; individual diseases

and conditions

acute viral hepatic infections, 231–234 alpha-1 antitrypsin deﬁciency, 108–109 chronic hepatitis B and C, 109 coagulopathy in, 205 hemochromatosis, 107–108 hepatorenal syndrome, 265 primary biliary cirrhosis, 106–107 primary sclerosis cholangitis, 107 serum-ascites albumin gradient, 106

Wilson disease, 108 Löfgren syndrome, 328 Loop diuretics, for congestive heart failure, 141 Lower back pain, in ankylosing spondylitis, 66 Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

in achalasia, 78

in GERD, 84 Lower GI bleeding, 101–103 Lumbar puncture

in meningitis, 213–214

for subarachnoid hemorrhage diagnosis, 375 Lung. See also Pulmonary entries

cancer of, 339–341

diseases of. See individual diseases and conditions

interstitial syndromes of, 435

scleroderma and, 62 Lung infections, 220–228

abscess, 221–222

bronchitis, 220–221

pneumonia, 222–226

tuberculosis, 226–228 Lung parenchyma, imaging tools for, 437 Lung volumes, 304 Lupus anticoagulant, evaluation of, 57 Lupus pernio, 329 Luteinizing hormone (LH)

hyperprolactinemia and, 12

hypopituitarism, 14–15 Lyme disease, 213–214, 252–253 Lymphatic system, neoplasia affecting, shingles vaccine and, 6 Lymphocytic thyroiditis, 26 Lymphogranuloma venereum, 238 Lymphoma, 198–201 Lynch syndrome, 100

Macroadenomas, anterior pituitary, 11 Macrocytic anemia, 177, 179, 183–185 Macrolide antibiotics, for gram-positive cocci, 211 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

in acromegaly, 14

in bone imaging, 440

for central nervous system visualization, 440

in Cushing syndrome, 43 in necrotizing fasciitis, 421 in pericarditis, 160

in pheochromocytoma, 49–50 Malabsorption syndromes, 96–98 Malar rash, in systemic lupus erythematosus, 61 Malaria prophylaxis, 3 Malassezia furfur infection, of skin, 417 Malignant hyperthermia, 377 Maltese cross sign, of hyperlipiduria, 277 Mammography, as preventive medicine, 2, 3 Manometry

in diffuse esophageal spasm, 80

esophageal, 78 Mast cell activation, in urticaria, 412–413 Mast cell stabilizers, 319 Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), in anemia, 177, 179

hemolytic anemia, 186

iron deﬁciency anemia, 180

sickle cell disease, 187

thalassemia, 182 Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine, 5 Medullary carcinoma, thyroid, 27 Meﬂoquine, for malaria prophylaxis, 3 Megaloblastic anemia, 179 Melanoma, 427 Melena, upper GI bleeding and, 102 Memantine, for dementia, 405 Membranoproliferative nephrotic syndrome, 278 Membranous nephrotic syndrome, 278 Ménière disease, 394 Meningitis, 212–214

in Lyme disease, 252 Meningococcal vaccine, 6

for travelers, 3 Mesalamine derivatives, for inﬂammatory bowel disease, 90 Mesangial nephrotic syndrome, 278 Mesothelioma, 330 Metabolic disorders

carbohydrates, 33–40

porphyrin accumulation, 413 Metaiodobenzylguanadine (MIBG) scanning, in

pheochromocytoma, 49–50 Metastatic disease, in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 88 Metformin, for diabetes mellitus management, 34–35 Methacholine challenge test, 303, 306 Methanol poisoning

diagnosis and management of, 360 dialysis for, 358

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 209–210, 419,

424, 425 Methimazole, for Graves’ disease, 22 Methotrexate (MTX), for rheumatoid arthritis, 59 Metronidazole, for anaerobic bacterial infections, 212

464

Index

Данная книга находится в списке для перевода на русский язык сайта https://meduniver.com/

Microadenomas, anterior pituitary, 11 Microalbuminuria, in diabetes mellitus, 38 Microcytic anemia, 177, 179–183

iron indices in, 183 Microorganisms, as infective carditis cause, 247 Midnight salivary cortisol test, in Cushing syndrome diagnosis, 42 Migraine headaches, 396–397 Migratory arthropathy, 53 Mild cognitive impairment, 404 Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), 405 Miosis, 357 Misoprostol, 87 Mite, skin infestation by, 423–424 Mitoxantrone, for multiple sclerosis, 403 Mitral regurgitation, 146–148, 151 Mitral stenosis, 144–146 Mitral valve prolapse, 148

as chest pain cause, 115 Mobitz I-II atrioventricular block, EKG readings in, 355 Mobitz I/Mobitz II atrioventricular block, 162 Mohs microsurgery, for basal cell carcinoma, 428 Molluscum contagiosum, 423 Monoclonal antibodies, for rheumatoid arthritis, 59 Monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain signiﬁcance (MGUS), 197 Mononeuropathy, in diabetics, 39 Monosodium urate (MSU) arthropathy, 70–72 Morbilliform rashes, 414 Morning stiffness

in ankylosing spondylitis, 66

in osteoarthritis, 69 Movement disorders, 406–409 MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), 209–210, 419,

424, 425 Multifocal atrial tachycardia, 164 Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN I and II)

in familial medullary thyroid carcinoma, 27 RET mutations and, 27

in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 88 Multiple myeloma, 196–197 Multiple sclerosis, 401–404 Mupirocin, for folliculitis, 421 Musculoskeletal disorders, chest pain in, 115, 116 Mycobacterium avium complex, in acquired immune deﬁciency

syndrome, 255 Mycophenolate, for myasthenia gravis, 400 Mycoplasma, as pneumonia cause, 223–225 Mydriasis, 357 Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 195–196 Myeloma, multiple, 196–197 Myocardial disease, 152–156 Myocardial infarction (MI)

chest pain in, 112, 115 non-ST elevation, 124–125 ST elevation in. See ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)

Myocardial ischemia, 119 Myocardial perfusion imaging, in acute coronary syndrome, 131 Myocarditis

chest pain in, 115, 116 in Lyme disease, 252

Myoglobin

in acute renal failure, 269–270

in cardiovascular disease, 114 Myopathies, inﬂammatory, 75 Myxedema, 24

pretibial, 21 Myxedema coma, in hypothyroidism, 25

N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), for acetaminophen toxicity, 359 Nafcillin, for gram-positive cocci, 209–210 Nails, fungal infection of, 417–418 Naloxone, for toxic ingestion, 358 Nasogastric tube, for endoscopic evaluation of GI bleeding, 101 Near-drowning, 379 Neck, infections involving, 217–220 Necrotizing fasciitis, 421 Necrotizing pancreatitis, severe, 104 Nedocromil, 319 Needlestick injury, acquired immune deﬁciency syndrome and, 259 Nephritis, allergic interstitial nephritis, 268–269 Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, 16–18 Nephrolithiasis, 290–292 Nephrology. See also individual diseases and conditions

acid/base disturbances, 286–288

acute renal failure, 263–272

diagnostic testing for renal disease, 278–279

end-stage renal disease/dialysis, 279–280

ﬂuid/electrolyte disorders, 281–286

glomerulonephritis, 273–278

hereditary cystic disease, 292

hypertension, 292–300

nephrolithiasis, 290–292

renal transplantation, 280–281

renal tubular acidosis, 289–290 Nephropathy

analgesic, 272

diabetic, 38

hypertensive, 296

immunoglobulin A, 275 Nephrotic syndrome, 277–278 Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 377 Neurology. See also individual diseases, syndromes and conditions

cerebrovascular accidents, 387–390

dementia, 404–405

emergencies, management of, 371–375

Guillain-Barré syndrome, 398–399

headache disorders, 395–397

Huntington disease, 406

465

USMLE Step 2 CK

l Internal Medicine

hypercalcemia, 28 movement disorders, 406–409 myasthenia gravis, 399–400 seizures and epilepsy, 390–393 spinal cord diseases, 383–387 vertigo and dizziness, 393–394

Neuromuscular disorders

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 401 hyperparathyroidism, 30 hypoparathyroidism, 32 multiple sclerosis, 401–404

myasthenia gravis, 399–400 Neuropathy, diabetic, 38–39 Nevus, dysplastic, 425 New York Heart Association Functional Classiﬁcation

(NYHA staging system), 138 Nicotine replacement therapy, 7 Nikolsky sign

in pemphigus vulgaris, 412 in Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 425

in toxic epidermal necrolysis, 415 Nil lesion nephrotic syndrome, 278 Nimodipine, for subarachnoid hemorrhage, 375, 389 Nitrates

after acute coronary syndrome discharge, 130

for cardiovascular disease, 173 Nitrites, in renal disease, 279 Nitroglycerin (NTG)

for angina, 122

chest pain response to, 112

exercise stress testing and, 121 Nocturnal desaturation, COPD and, 322 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), 199–200 Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), 33–39 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, for acquired

immune deﬁciency syndrome, 258 Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), 124–125 Nonatherosclerotic acute coronary syndromes, 133–134 Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, salicylate toxicity and, 366 Nonendocrine tumors, in Cushing syndrome, 41 Nonionizing radiation, injury from, 378 Nonproliferative retinopathy, 38, 441 Nonsteroidal antiinﬂammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

as allergic interstitial nephritis cause, 268, 269 as analgesic nephropathy cause, 272 for ankylosing spondylitis, 67 for gout, 71 for migraine headaches, 396 for osteoarthritis, 69 as papillary necrosis cause, 272 in peptic ulcer disease, 85

for rheumatoid arthritis, 58 Nonulcer dyspepsia, 89 Normocytic anemia, 177, 179

Nuclear stress test, in ischemic heart disease, 121 Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, for acquired immune

deﬁciency syndrome, 258

Nutcracker esophagus, 80

Obesity

empty sella syndrome and, 16

ischemic heart disease risk and, 118 Obstructive shock, 176 Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), 339 Octreotide, for acromegaly, 14 Oligoarticular asymmetric arthritis, 53 Onychomycosis, 417–418 Open-angle glaucoma, 445 Ophthalmology. See also individual diseases and conditions

cataracts, 446

conjunctival diseases, 446

glaucoma, 445

keratitis, 446–447

periorbital cellulitis, 447

retinal diseases, 441–445

uveitis, 447 Ophthalmopathy, in Graves’ disease, 22 Opiates, 362 Opioids, for migraine headaches, 397 Opportunistic infections, in acquired immune deﬁciency

syndrome, 254–256 Oral candidiasis (thrush), 419 Oral hypoglycemic drugs, in diabetes mellitus management, 34–35 Organophospate poisoning, 369 Orthostasis, in GI bleeding, 102–103 Osbourne wave, in hypothermia, 377 Osler’s nodes, 248 Osteitis ﬁbrosa cystica, 280 Osteoarthritis (OA), 54, 68–70

acromegaly and, 13 Osteodystrophy, 280 Osteomyelitis, 242–243

imaging studies in, 440 Osteophytes, in osteoarthritis, 69 Osteoporosis screening, 7 Otitis media, 217 Outpatient care, for asthma patients, 319–320 Oxacillin, for gram-positive cocci, 209–210 Oxalate crystals, in acute renal failure, 270 Oxygen delivery (DO

shock syndromes and, 176 Oxygen therapy

for asthma, 318

for COPD, 324 Oxytocin, pituitary gland storage of, 9

), 309

466

Index

Данная книга находится в списке для перевода на русский язык сайта https://meduniver.com/

P-R waves, in atrioventricular block EKG, 355 Painless thyroiditis, 26 Pancreatic B-cell tumor, 40 Pancreatic pseudocyst, 104–105 Pancreatitis

acute, 103–105 chronic, 96–98 complications of, 104 gallstone, 103

severe necrotizing, signs of, 104 Panniculitis, 416 Pap smear, as preventive medicine, 3 Papillary carcinoma, thyroid, 26–27 Papillary necrosis, 272 Papulosquamous dermatitis, 429–431 Parapneumonic effusion, decubitus chest x-ray in, 312 Parapneumonic effusions, 312 Parasitic infestations, of skin, 423–424 Parathyroid glands, diseases of, 27–32 Parathyroid hormone (PTH) function, 27–28 Parathyroidectomy, 30 Parietal cells, in peptic ulcer disease, 85 Parkinson disease, 406–408 Paronychia

bacterial, 421

fungal, 419 Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), 190–191 Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 164 Partial thromboplastin time (PTT), 203–208 Patent foramen ovale, thromboembolism and, 332 Pediculosis, 424 Pegloticase, for gout, 71 Pegvisomant, in acromegaly management, 14 Pelvic inﬂammatory disease (PID), 235 Pemphigus vulgaris, 412 Penicillins

allergic cross-reactivity of, 210

for gram-negative bacilli, 211

for gram-positive cocci, 209–210

semisynthetic penicillinase-resistant, 209–210 Pentamidine, as acute renal failure cause, 272 Peptic ulcer disease, 85–87

chest pain in, 115, 116 Peptic ulcers

in peptic ulcer disease, 85–87

in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 88 Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

in ischemic heart disease, 122

in ST elevation myocardial infarction, 126, 130 Pericardial disease, 157–160, 245–251 Pericardial effusion, 158–159 Pericarditis

acute, 157–158, 245–251

as acute coronary syndrome complication, 132 as chest pain cause, 115 constrictive, 159–160

in Lyme disease, 252 Perilymphatic ﬁstula, 394 Perinephric abscess, 242 Periorbital cellulitis, 447 Peripheral neuropathy, in diabetics, 38, 39 Pernicious anemia, in gastritis, 87 Personality changes, systemic lupus erythematosus and, 61 Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, 101 Pharyngitis, 218 Phenylephrine handgrip, effect on systolic murmurs, 151 Phenytoin, for seizure and epilepsy management, 391 Pheochromocytoma, 48–50, 297 Philadelphia chromosome, chronic myelogenous leukemia, 193, 194 Phlebotomy, for hemochromatosis, 108 Phosphatidyl inositol glycan A (PIG-A), 190 Photosensitivity rash, in systemic lupus erythematosus, 61 Physical abuse, screening for, 8 Physical activity/inactivity, ischemic heart disease risk and, 118 Physical examination, cardiovascular disease, 112–113 Pick disease, 404 Pigments, in acute renal failure, 269–270 Pill esophagitis, 81 Pitting edema, 138 Pituitary apoplexy, 14 Pituitary gland

action of, 10–11

anatomy of, 9–10

anterior, 11–16

diseases of, 9–19

posterior pituitary lobe, 16–19 Pityriasis rosea, 431 Pityrosporum orbiculare infection, of skin, 417 Plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), in hyperaldosteronism

diagnosis, 46 Plasma cell disorders, 196–197 Plasma renin activity (PRA), in hyperaldosteronism diagnosis, 46 Plasma-to-urine osmolality, in diabetes insipidus, 17 Plasmapheresis

for Guillain-Barré syndrome, 399

for myasthenia gravis, 400 Platelet disorders, 201–203 Pleural effusion

as acute pancreatitis complication, 104

appearance in congestive heart failure, 436

appearance on lateral vs. decubitus chest x-rays, 434

chest x-rays of, 311–313 Pleuritis, chest pain in, 116 Plummer disease, 21 Plummer-Vinson syndrome (PVS), 80 Pneumatic dilation, for achalasia, 79 Pneumococcal vaccination, 4

467

USMLE Step 2 CK

l Internal Medicine

Pneumoconiosis, 330–331 Pneumocystis jirovecii infections, in acquired immune deﬁciency

syndrome, 254

Pneumonia, 222–226

appearance on chest x-ray, 435 Pneumoperitoneum, appearance on chest x-ray, 436 Pneumothorax, chest pain in, 115, 116 Polio vaccination, for travelers, 3 Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), 73–74, 274–275 Polyarticular symmetric involvement, in rheumatoid diseases, 53 Polycystic kidney disease, 292 Polycythemia vera, 196–197 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 97 Polymyositis, 75 Porphyria cutanea tarda, 413 Portal hypertension, in liver disease, 106 Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), 315–316 Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, 439 Post-thrombotic syndrome, 337 Postantibiotic effect, of aminoglycosides, 271 Postencephalitic Parkinsonism, 407 Posterior-anterior (PA) chest X-rays, 433–434 Posterior circulation syndromes, 387–389 Posterior pituitary lobe, diseases of, 16–19 Postpartum thyroiditis, 26 Postprandial hypoglycemia, 40 Postrenal azotemia, 266 Potassium hydroxide (KOH) test, for fungal skin infection, 417, 418 Potassium-sparing loop diuretics, for congestive heart failure, 141 Prasugrel, after acute coronary syndrome discharge, 130 Pre-excitation syndrome, 168–169 Pregnancy

acquired immune deﬁciency syndrome therapy and, 259

antithyroid drug use during, 22

HPV vaccine in, 6

hypothyroidism in, 25

malaria prophylaxis in, 3

MMR vaccine in, 5

systemic lupus erythematosus and, 61–62

tuberculosis treatment in, 227

valproic acid use in, 391

varicella vaccine in, 5 Preinfarction angina, 124 Premature beats, as acute coronary syndrome complication, 131 Prerenal azotemia, 264–266 Pretibial myxedema, 21 Preventive medicine

abdominal aortic aneurysm, 7

alcohol abuse, 8

cancer screening, 1–2

hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia, 7–8

immunizations, 4–6

osteoporosis, 7

smoking cessation, 6–7

travel medicine, 2–3

violence and injury prevention, 8 Primary adrenocorticoid insufﬁciency (Addison disease), 47–48 Primary biliary cirrhosis, 106–107 Primary hyperaldosteronism, 45–46 Primary hyperparathyroidism, 30–31 Primary hypogonadism, 50 Primary hypothyroidism, 25 Primary progressive multiple sclerosis, 402, 403 Primary Raynaud phenomenon, 64 Primary sclerosis cholangitis, 107 Probenecid, for gout, 71 Prolactin (PRL), hyperprolactinemia and, 12 Prolactinomas, 12 Proliferative retinopathy, 38, 441–442 Propranolol, for migraine headaches, 397 Proptosis, in Graves’ disease, 22 Propylthiouracil (PTU), 24 Prostate cancer, screening for, 2 Protease inhibitors

for acquired immune deﬁciency syndrome, 258

as acute renal failure cause, 272 Proteins, in acute renal failure, 270 Proteinuria, in renal disease, 278 Prothrombin time (PT), coagulopathy, 203–208 Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs)

as allergic interstitial nephritis cause, 268

for GERD, 84

for GI bleeding, 102

for peptic ulcer disease, 86–87

for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 88 Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint, in osteoarthritis, 69 Prussian Blue stain, in sideroblastic anemia diagnosis, 181 Pseudocyst, pancreatic, 104–105 Pseudogout, 72

synovial ﬂuid analysis in, 55 Pseudohyperkalemia, 285 Pseudohyponatremia, 282 Pseudotumor cerebri, 397–398 Psoriasis, 429 Psoriatic arthritis, 68 Pulmonary disease. See also individual diseases and conditions

acute respiratory distress syndrome, 314–315

asthma, 316–320

atelectasis, 341

chest radiography in, 309–311

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 321–325

diagnostic tests, 303–308

gas exchange disturbances and, 309

interstitial lung diseases, 326–331

lung cancer, 339–341

obstructive diseases, 316–326

pleural effusions, 311–313

pulmonary nodules, 310–311

468

Index

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pulmonary thromboembolism, 331–338 sleep apnea, 338–339

Pulmonary edema

acute, causes of, 137 in congestive heart failure, 136, 144

salicylate toxicity and, 366 Pulmonary embolus-infarction, as chest pain cause, 115 Pulmonary function testing, 303–308

in COPD, 322 Pulmonary hypertension, as chest pain cause, 115 Pulmonary nodules, 340

chest radiography of, 310–311 Pulseless arrest algorithm, in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 172, 345 Pulseless electrical activity, 350 Pulseless ventricular tachycardia (PVT), 350 Pulsus paradoxus, 159 Pump dysfunction, as acute coronary syndrome complication, 131 Puriﬁed protein derivative (PPD) testing, tuberculosis, 227–228 Pyelonephritis, 241 Pyoderma gangrenosum, enteropathic arthropathy and, 68 Pyrazinamide (PZA), for tuberculosis, 227

QRS complex

in normal complex tachycardia, 351

torsade de pointes, 171

in tricyclic antidepressant toxicity, 367

ventricular tachycardia, 170 Qualitative platelet disorders, 201 Quantitative platelet disorders, 201 Quinolones, for gram-negative bacilli, 211 Quinupristin/dalfopristin, for gram-positive cocci, 217

Rabies, 381

vaccination for travelers, 3 Radiation injuries, 378 Radiology. See also speciﬁc imaging modalities

abdominal x-rays, 437–439

bone imaging, 440

for central nervous system visualization, 440

chest x-ray, 433–437

PET scanning, 439 Radiotherapy, for acromegaly, 14 Rate control, in atrial ﬁbrillation, 167, 168

ventricular, 168 Rate/rhythm disturbances, 160–172 Raynaud disease, 64 Raynaud phenomenon

in CREST syndrome, 63

scleroderma and, 63–64

systemic sclerosis and, 54 Reactive arthritis (ReA), 67 Refractive heart failure, 143

Reidel thyroiditis, 26 Reiter syndrome, 67 Relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, 402, 403 Renal artery stenosis, 265

hypertension and, 296–297 Renal biopsy, in glomerulonephritis, 273 Renal function and disease. See also individual diseases and conditions

acid-base disturbances, 286–288

acute renal failure, 263–271

diabetes mellitus and, 38

diagnostic testing, 278–279

end-stage renal disease/dialysis, 279–280

ﬂuid/electrolyte disorders, 281–286

glomerulonephritis, 273–278

hereditary cystic disease, 292

hypercalcemia, 28

hypertension, 292–295

nephrolithiasis, 290–292

renal insufﬁciency, 263

renal transplantation, 280–281

renal tubular acidosis and, 289–290 Renal insufﬁciency, 263 Renal tubular acidosis

classiﬁcation and management, 289–290

hyporeninemic/hypoaldosteronism (type IV), 290 Reperfusion therapy, in ST elevation myocardial infarction, 128–129 Reproductive organs, radiation injury to, 378 Respiratory hypoventilation, renal acidosis in, 288 Respiratory injury, smoke inhalation and, 375–376 Restless leg syndrome, 409 Restrictive cardiomyopathy, 156 RET mutations,thyroid neoplasia and, 27 Retinal artery occlusion, central, 444 Retinal detachment, 442–443 Retinal vein occlusion, central, 444–445 Retinopathy

diabetic, 38, 441–442

hypertension and, 294, 296 Revascularization

in ischemic heart disease, 122

in unstable angina/NSTEMI, 125 Rhabdomyolysis, 268–269

in malignant hyperthermia, 377

in neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 377 Rheumatoid arthritis, 57–60

complications of, 60

diagnostic criteria for, 58

extraarticular manifestations of, 58

laboratory ﬁndings in, 58

management of, 58–59 Rheumatoid factor (RF), in rheumatologic disease evaluation, 56 Rheumatologic diseases. See also individual diseases, syndromes

and conditions

crystal-induced arthropathies, 70–72

469

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