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USMLE Step 2 CK

l Internal Medicine

Adult polycystic kidney disease, 292 Advanced cardiac life support algorithm, 345 Age, ischemic heart disease risk and, 118 Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), 443–444 Albumin levels, in prerenal azotemia, 265 Alcohol use/abuse

hypoglycemia and, 40 peptic ulcer disease and, 85 screening for, 8 toxicity management in, 358, 360

withdrawal-related syndromes and, 369–370 Aldosterone deﬁciency, in congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 46 Alkaline phosphatase, in primary biliary cirrhosis, 1–27 Alkalis, toxic exposure to, 362 Alkalosis, renal function and, 286–287 Allergic cross-reactivity, of penicillins, 210 Allergic interstitial nephritis (AIN), 268–269 Allergies

anaphylaxis and, 379–380

asthma and, 317 Allopurinol

as allergic interstitial nephritis cause, 268

for gout, 71 Alopecia areata, 431–432 Alpha-adrenergic blockers, for hypertension, 300 Alpha-1 antitrypsin deﬁciency (AATD), 108–109, 322 Alpha blockers, exercise stress testing and, 121 Alpha thalassemia, 181–182 Alport syndrome, 273, 276 Alveolar-arterial gradient, 309 Alveolar diffusing capacity, 303 Alzheimer disease, dementia and, 404–405 Amikacin, acute renal failure and, 271 Aminoglycosides

as acute renal failure cause, 271

for gram-negative bacilli, 212 Aminophylline, for asthma, 318 Amiodarone

for cardiovascular disease, 173

for ventricular tachycardia, 350 Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis/hypothyroidism, 24 Amoxicillin, for gram-positive cocci, 210 Amphotericin B, as acute renal failure cause, 271 Ampicillin

for gram-positive cocci, 210

for meningitis, 210 Amyl nitrite, effect on systolic murmurs, 151 Amylase test, in acute pancreatitis diagnosis, 104 Amyloidosis, 277 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 401 Anaerobic bacteria, as infectious disease cause, 212 Analgesic nephropathy, 271 Anaphylaxis, 379–380

in penicillin cross-reactivity, 210

Anaplastic carcinoma, thyroid, 27 Androstenedione, adrenal androgen excess and, 47 Anemia, 177–178

aplastic, 191–192 of chronic disease, 180–181, 183 in end-stage renal disease, 279 hemolytic, 185–191. See also Hemolytic anemia iron-deﬁciency, 97, 180, 181, 183 macrocytic, 177, 179, 183–185 megaloblastic, 179 microcytic, 177, 179–183 normocytic, 177, 179 patient evaluation in, 179 pernicious, in gastritis, 87 sideroblastic, 179, 181–182, 183

thalassemias, 182–183 Anesthetics, malignant hyperthermia and, 377 Angina

stable, 112, 119–122

unstable, 124–125 Angiography

cardiac, in ischemic heart disease, 121

coronary, in unstable angina/NSTEMI, 125

in GI bleeding diagnosis, 103

in pulmonary thromboembolism, 334, 335

in subarachnoid hemorrhage, 375 Angioplasty, in acute renal failure, 271 Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

as acute renal failure cause, 266

after acute coronary syndrome discharge, 130

in congestive heart failure management, 139, 140

for hypertension, 298

in scleroderma management, 63 Angiotensin receptor antagonists

in congestive heart failure management, 139

for hypertension, 299 Animal bites, 380 Anion gap

in acidosis, 287–288

in salicylate toxicity, 366 Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 66–67 Anterior pituitary, diseases of, 11–16 Anterior-posterior (AP) chest x-rays, 433–434 Anterior spinal artery occlusion, 385–386 Anti-histone antibody testing, in dug-induced lupus, 61–62 Antiarrhythmics, for cardiovascular disease, 174 Antibiotics. See also speciﬁc classes and individually named antibiotics

as acute renal failure cause, 271

antistaphylococcal, for skin infections, 419, 421

for asthma, 318

for COPD, 324

diarrhea following use of, 93–94

for infectious disease, 209–212

for peptic ulcer disease, 87

for radiation injury, 378

450

Index

Данная книга находится в списке для перевода на русский язык сайта https://meduniver.com/

Antibodies, in celiac disease, 97 Anticardiolipin antibodies, evaluation of, 57 Anticholinergic drugs

for asthma, 318 for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 322 toxicity/poisoning, 368

for tricyclic antidepressant toxicity, 367 Anticholinesterase inhibitors, for dementia management, 405 Antidepressant overdose, asystole with, 347 Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

diabetes insipidus, 16–18

excess of, syndromes with, 18

inappropriate secretion of, 18–19

pituitary gland storage of, 9 Antiemetics, for radiation injury, 378 Antifungal medications, 417–418 Antihistamines, in urticaria management, 414 Antihyaluronic acid (AHT) test, 275 Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs), in rheumatologic

disease evaluation, 56

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA)

in drug-induced lupus, 62

in rheumatologic disease evaluation, 55–56

in scleroderma, 63

in Sjögren syndrome, 64

systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosis and, 61 Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 57 Antiplatelet therapy

for cerebrovascular accidents, 389

for ST elevation myocardial infarction, 129–130

for unstable angina/NSTEMI, 125 Antiretroviral therapy, for acquired immune deﬁciency syndrome,

258–259

Antistaphylococcal antibiotics, 419

for furuncles and carbuncles, 421 Antistreptolysin (ASO) test, 275 Antithrombin therapy

for ST elevation myocardial infarction, 130

for unstable angina/NSTEMI, 125 Aortic coarctation, 297 Aortic dissection, as chest pain cause, 115 Aortic regurgitation, 151–152 Aortic stenosis, 149–151

chest pain in, 115 APACHE score, in acute pancreatitis, 104 Aplastic anemia, 191–192 ARDS. See Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Arnold Chiari malformation, 384 Arrhythmias. See Dysrhythmias Arterial blood gases

in acute respiratory distress syndrome, 314

in asthma, 317–318

in carbon monoxide poisoning, 361

disturbances in, 309

in pulmonary thromboembolism, 334

Arthritis

acute gouty, treatment of, 71 evaluating patient with, 53–54 psoriatic, 68 reactive, 67

septic, 72–73, 244–245 Arthrocentesis, in septic arthritis, 72 Arthropathy

crystal-induced, 70–72

enteropathic, 68 Asbestosis, 330 Ascites

as acute pancreatitis complication, 104

in liver disease, 105–106 ASLO titers, in erythema nodosum diagnosis, 417 Aspergillosis, 260–261 Aspiration biopsy, in lung cancer, 340 Aspirin

after acute coronary syndrome discharge, 130

for rheumatoid arthritis, 58

for unstable angina/NSTEMI, 125 Aspirin overdose, 365–366

asystole with, 347

dialysis for, 358 Astemizole, urticaria management and, 414 Asthma

drug therapies for, 318–319

etiology and pathology of, 316–318

outpatient care for, 319–320 Asystole, management of, 346–347 Atelectasis, 341 Atheroembolic disease, as acute renal failure cause, 271 Atherosclerosis

end-stage renal disease and, 280

as renal artery stenosis cause, 296 Atherosclerotic plaque, in ischemic heart disease, 116–117 Atlantoaxial subluxation, in rheumatoid arthritis, 60 Atopic dermatitis, 430 Atrial dysrhythmias, 351–354 Atrial ﬁbrillation, 165–167

diagnosis and management of, 351–354

EKG reading in, 352 Atrial ﬂutter, 164

diagnosis and management of, 351–354

EKG reading in, 352 Atrial tachycardia, EKG reading in, 352 Atrioventricular (AV) block, 161–163

bradycardia and, 354–356 Autoimmune diseases

alopecia areata, 431–432

hemolytic anemia, 188–189

pemphigus vulgaris, 412 Automatic implantable cardioverter deﬁbrillator (AICD), 143 Autonomic neuropathy, in diabetics, 39

451

USMLE Step 2 CK

l Internal Medicine

Azotemia

in acute renal failure, 263 postrenal, 264, 266 prerenal, 264–266

“B” symptoms, in Hodgkin disease, 198 B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), 314 Back pain, in ankylosing spondylitis, 66 Background retinopathy, 38, 441 Baclofen

for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 401

for multiple sclerosis, 403 Bacteremia, as septic arthritis cause, 244 Bacterial infections, of skin, 419–421 Bacteriuria, 279 Baker cyst, in rheumatoid arthritis, 60 Barbiturates overdose, 363 Barium studies

in abdominal imaging, 438

in diffuse esophageal spasm, 80

in esophageal cancer, 78

in esophageal rings and webs, 80

in Zenker diverticulum, 81 Barrett esophagus, 79, 85 Bartter syndrome, 46 Beck’s triad, 159 Belimumab, for systemic lupus erythematosus, 61 Bence-Jones proteins, in acute renal failure, 270 Benedikt syndrome, 388, 389 Bengal stain, in Sjögren syndrome diagnosis, 64 Benign essential tremor, 408–409 Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, 394 Benzodiazepine toxicity, 363 Berger disease, 275 Beta-adrenergic agonists, for COPD, 323 Beta blockers

after acute coronary syndrome discharge, 130

for asthma, 318, 319

for cardiovascular disease, 174–175

in congestive heart failure management, 140

exercise stress testing and, 121

for hypertension, 299–300

for pheochromocytoma management, 50

as sinus bradycardia cause, 354

for unstable angina/NSTEMI, 125 Beta thalassemia, 181–182 Bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP or BPAP), 315 Bicarbonate, for tricyclic antidepressant toxicity, 367 Biologic agents, in rheumatoid arthritis management, 59 Biopsy

aspiration, in lung cancer, 340

bowel, in tropical sprue/Whipple’s disease, 97

renal, in glomerulonephritis, 273

Biphasic presentation, of C-11 hydroxylase deﬁciency, 46 Bite injuries, 380–381 Bleeding

in end-stage renal disease, 280

gastrointestinal, 101–103 Blisters, toxidromes and, 357 Blood pressure. See also Hypertension

in essential hypertension, 292–295

in sinus bradycardia, 355 Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), in acute renal failure, 263–267 Body temperature, in heat disorders, 376–377 Bone and joint infections, 242–245

imaging studies in, 440 Bone density, osteoporosis screening and, 7 Bone marrow

neoplasia affecting, shingles vaccine and, 6

radiation injury to, 378 Botulinum toxin

for achalasia, 79

Bouchard’s nodules, in osteoarthritis, 69 Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, 405 Bradycardia. See Sinus bradycardia Brain abscess, 215–216 Brain imaging, for dementia assessment, 405 Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), in congestive heart failure

diagnosis, 139

Breast cancer

in males, Klinefelter syndrome and, 51

screening for, 2 Breast feeding, acquired immune deﬁciency syndrome

therapy and, 259

Bromocriptine

for acromegaly, 14

for hyperprolactinemia, 12 Bronchiectasis, 325–326 Bronchitis, 220–221 Bronchodilators

for COPD, 324

reversibility of, 307 Bronchogenic carcinoma, 330, 339–341 Bronchoscopy

in burn injury, 376

in esophageal cancer, 79

in lung cancer, 340 Brown-Séquard syndrome, 386–387 Bullous/blistering diseases, 412–413 Bullous pemphigoid, 412 Bupropion, for smoking cessation, 7 Burn injuries, emergency management of, 375–376

C-11 hydroxylase deﬁciency, in congenital adrenal hyperplasia,

46–47

C-17 hydroxylase deﬁciency, in congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 47

452

Index

Данная книга находится в списке для перевода на русский язык сайта https://meduniver.com/

C-21 hydroxylase deﬁciency, in congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 46 C-reactive protein, in osteoarthritis, 69 Cabergoline

for acromegaly, 14

for hyperprolactinemia, 12 CAGE questionnaire, 8 Calcinosis, in CREST syndrome, 63 Calcitonin

medullary thyroid carcinoma and, 27

primary hyperparathyroidism and, 30 Calcium channel blockers

for cardiovascular disease, 175

for hypertension, 299 Calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) arthropathy, 70–72 Calcium oxalate (CaOx) arthropathy, 70–72 Calcium pyrophosphate (CPPD) arthropathy, 70–72 Calcium regulation, in parathyroid disease, 27–32 Calymmatobacterium granulomatous infection, 238–239 Campylobacter infection, reactive arthritis and, 67 Cancer screening, as preventive medicine, 1–2. See also Screening/

screening tests Candida esophagitis, 81 Candidal paronychia, 419 Candidiasis, 418–419 Capsaicin cream, for osteoarthritis, 69 Capsule endoscopy, abdominal imaging with, 438 Carbamazepine

for seizures and epilepsy, 392–393

for trigeminal neuralgia, 398 Carbapenems, for gram-negative bacilli, 212 Carbidopa/levodopa, for Parkinson disease, 407–408 Carbohydrate metabolism, disorders of, 33–40 Carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DL Carbon monoxide poisoning

diagnosis and management, 361

thermal injuries and, 375, 376 Carboxyhemoglobin levels

in burn injuries, 376

in carbon monoxide poisoning, 361 Carbuncles, 420–421 Carcinoid syndrome, 96 Carcinoma

basal cell, 428

bronchogenic, 330, 339–341

squamous cell, of skin, 428 Cardiac biomarkers, in cardiovascular disease testing, 113 Cardiac catheterization

in cardiomyopathy, 156

in ischemic heart disease, 121

in mitral regurgitation, 147

in pericarditis, 160 Cardiac enzyme serum levels, 114 Cardiac glycosides, for congestive heart failure, 142 Cardiac output, oxygen delivery and, 309

in shock syndromes, 176

co), 306

Cardiac resuscitation

basic life support, 343–345

for cardiac dysrhythmias, 346–356 Cardiac tamponade, 158–159 Cardiac troponins, in cardiovascular disease testing, 113–114 Cardiogenic shock, 176 Cardiomyopathy, 152–156

dilated, 143, 153–154

hypertrophic obstructive, 154–156

morphologic and hemodynamic characteristics of, 153

restrictive, 156 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

for asystole, 346–347

protocols and algorithm for, 172, 343–345

for pulseless electrical activity, 350 Cardiovascular disease. See also individual diseases,

syndromes and conditions

acute coronary syndrome, 124–134

amiodarone therapy for, 173

angina in, 119–122

antiarrhythmic drug therapy for, 174

arrhythmias, 160–172

beta blocker therapy for, 174–175

calcium channel blocker therapy for, 175

chest pain evaluation in, 112–113

congestive heart failure, 135–144

as diabetes mellitus complication, 38

drug therapies for, 173–175

dyslipidemia in, treatment for, 122

hypercalcemia and, 28

hypertension and, 293

ischemic heart disease, 116–122

myocardial disease, 152–156

nitrate therapy for, 173

non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, 124–125

nonatherosclerotic coronary syndromes, 133–134

patient history of, 111–112

pericardial disease, 157–160

physical examination, 112–113

ST elevation myocardial infarction, 126–130

testing for, 113–114

unstable angina, 124–125

valvular heart disease, 144–152 Cardioversion therapy

for atrial ﬁbrillation, 167

for supraventricular tachycardia, 352

for ventricular tachycardia, 350 Carditis, 245–251

acute pericarditis, 245–251

infective endocarditis, 245–251 Carotid endarterectomy, 390 Carotid sinus massage, 352 Carpal tunnel syndrome, acromegaly and, 13 Caspofungin, for aspergillosis, 261

453

USMLE Step 2 CK

l Internal Medicine

Casts, renal, 279 Cat bites, 380 Cataracts, 446 Catecholamine secretion, in pheochromocytoma, 49 Cathartics, for toxic ingestion, 358 Catheter ablation, in atrial ﬁbrillation, 167 Caustics/corrosives, toxic exposure to, 362 CD19, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and, 194–195 CD55/CD59, in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 190, 191 CD4 cell count, in acquired immune deﬁciency syndrome, 254, 257 Cefotaxime, for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 105 Ceftriaxone

for sickle cell disease, 187 for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 105

Celiac disease, 96–98

antibodies seen in, 97 Celiac sprue, 98 Cellulitis, 420

periorbital, 447 Central-acting sympatholytics, for hypertension, 300 Central diabetes insipidus (CDI), 16–18 Central nervous system (CNS)

infections involving, 212–216

salicylate toxicity and, 366

visualization techniques, 440 Central retinal artery/vein occlusion, 444–445 Central sleep apnea, 339 Central venous lines, appearance on chest x-ray, 436 Cephalosporins. See also Cefotaxime; Ceftriaxone

for gram-negative bacilli, 211

for gram-positive cocci, 210 Cerebral artery occlusion, 387–388 Cerebral contusion, emergency management of, 371–373 Cerebrospinal ﬂuid (CSF) culture

in meningitis, 214

in multiple sclerosis diagnosis, 403 Cerebrovascular disease

cerebrovascular accidents, 387–390

hypertension and, 293 Cervical cancer, screening for, 2 CHADS score, in atrial ﬁbrillation, 165 Chancroid disease, 237–238 Charcoal therapy

for acetaminophen toxicity, 360

for digoxin toxicity, 367

for lead poisoning, 364

for salicylate toxicity, 366

for toxic ingestion, 358 Chelation therapy, for lead poisoning, 364 Chemical stress testing, in ischemic heart disease, 121 Chemotherapy

for esophageal cancer, 79

for Hodgkin disease, 199

Chest pain

causes of, 115–116 classiﬁcation and history of, 111–112

differential diagnosis in, 115 Chest physiotherapy, for COPD, 324 Chest tubes, appearance on chest x-ray, 436 Chest x-ray, 309–311

in acute respiratory distress syndrome, 314

in aortic regurgitation, 152

appearance of common disorders on, 435–437

in asthma, 318

basic principles of, 433–434

in cardiomyopathy, 156

in cardiovascular disease testing, 114

in congestive heart failure diagnosis, 138, 139

in COPD, 323

decubitus ﬁlms, 434

in erythema nodosum patient, 417

expiratory ﬁlms, 434

ﬁlm quality in, 434

lateral, 434

in lung cancer, 340

in mitral regurgitation, 147

in mitral stenosis, 145

in pericarditis, 160

in pleural effusion, 158

in pleural effusions, 311–313

in pulmonary edema, 144

in pulmonary nodules, 310–311

in pulmonary thromboembolism, 334

in sarcoidosis, 328 Chickenpox, 422–423 Chloroquine, for malaria prophylaxis, 3 Cholecystitis, HIDA scanning in, 438–439 Cholesterol

ischemic heart disease risk and, 117

lipid-lowering treatment and, 122

screening for, 7 Chorea, Huntington disease, 406 Choreoathetoid movements, in Wilson disease, 108 Chronic disease, anemia of, 180–181

iron indices in, 183 Chronic hepatitis, 109 Chronic kidney disease, hypertension and, 293 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 194–195 Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), 193–194 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 313

appearance on chest x-ray, 435

etiology and pathology of, 321–325

therapy for, 324–325 Chronic pancreatitis, 96–98 Churg-Strauss syndrome, 74, 273, 274 Cinacalcet, for primary hyperparathyroidism, 31

454

Index

Данная книга находится в списке для перевода на русский язык сайта https://meduniver.com/

Cirrhosis, 104–105

gastrointestinal bleeding and, 101

primary biliary, 106–107 CK-MB isoenzyme, in cardiovascular disease testing, 113–114 Clindamycin, 211 CLO test, 86 Clonidine, pheochromocytoma diagnosis and, 49 Clopidogrel, for acute coronary syndrome, 129–130 Closed-angle glaucoma, 445 Clostridial myonecrosis, 245 Clostridium difﬁcile-associated diarrhea, 93–94 Cloxacillin, for gram-positive cocci, 209–210 Clozapine, for Huntington disease, 406 Clubbing, hypoxemia and, 322 Cluster headaches, 396, 397 Coagulopathy, 203–208 Coal miner’s lung/coal worker’s pneumoconiosis, 331 Coarctation of aorta, 297 Cocaine toxicity, 362–363 Cognitive function, dementia and, 404–405 Cold agglutinin hemolytic anemia, 188–189 Colon cancer, 99–100

screening for, 2 Colonoscopy

in colon cancer, 100

in diverticulosis diagnosis, 98

as preventive medicine, 2

virtual, 439 Colony-stimulating factors, for radiation injury, 378 Community-acquired pneumonia, 222 Compensatory mechanisms, during heart failure, 135 Computed tomography (CT)

in acromegaly, 14

in acute pancreatitis diagnosis, 104

in acute renal failure, 271

for central nervous system visualization, 440

in Cushing syndrome, 43

in diverticulitis diagnosis, 98

in esophageal cancer, 79

in head trauma evaluation, 371–373

high-resolution, for lung parenchyma imaging, 437

in necrotizing fasciitis, 421

in pericarditis, 160

in pheochromocytoma, 49–50

pulmonary angiography, in pulmonary embolism, 334

in subarachnoid hemorrhage, 374–375

virtual endoscopy, in GI bleeding diagnosis, 103

in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 88 COMT inhibitors, for Parkinson disease, 407, 408 Concussion, emergency management of, 371–373 Conduction abnormalities, as acute coronary syndrome

complication, 131

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), 46–47

Congestive heart failure (CHF), 135–144

appearance on chest x-ray, 436 diagnosis of, 139 inter-related cycles in, 136 management of, 139–143 NYHA staging system for, 138 pleural effusions and, 311–312 precipitating factors in, 137 pulmonary edema in, 136 refractive, 143

signs and symptoms of, 137 Conjunctival diseases, 446 Conjunctivitis, 446 Conn syndrome, 297 Constipation, 99 Constrictive pericarditis, 159–160 Contact dermatitis, 430 Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), 379 Contrast agents, as acute renal failure cause, 271, 272 Cooley anemia, 188 Coronary angiography, in unstable angina/NSTEMI, 125 Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

in ischemic heart disease, 122

in ST elevation myocardial infarction, 129, 130 Corticosteroids

for asthma, 318–319

for COPD, 324

for rashes in systemic lupus erythematosus, 61 Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), in Cushing syndrome, 41 Cortisol

in Cushing syndrome, 42

hypopituitarism and, 15, 16 Costochondritis, chest pain in, 115, 116 Coumadin. See Warfarin Cowden syndrome, 101 Creatine kinase (CK), in cardiovascular disease testing, 113 Creatinine clearance, in acute renal failure, 264 Crescendo angina, 124 CREST syndrome, 63 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 404, 405 Crohn’s disease (CD), 90–91, 270

enteropathic arthropathy in, 68

primary sclerosis cholangitis in, 107 Cromolyn sodium, 319 Cryoglobulinemia, 273, 276 Cryptococcosis, in acquired immune deﬁciency syndrome, 256 Crystal-induced arthropathies, 70–72 Crystals, acute renal failure and, 270 Cullen sign, 104 Cushing syndrome, 41–44, 297 Cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) inhibitors, for peptic ulcer disease, 87 Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors

for osteoarthritis, 69

for peptic ulcer disease, 87

for rheumatoid arthritis, 59

455

USMLE Step 2 CK

l Internal Medicine

Cyclophosphamides, for multiple sclerosis, 403 Cyclosporine, as acute renal failure cause, 272 Cystinuria, in nephrolithiasis, 291 Cystitis, 240–241 Cysts, renal, 292 Cytokines, in rheumatoid arthritis, 57 Cytomegalovirus infections, in acquired immune deﬁciency

syndrome, 255

Cytotoxic drugs, for systemic lupus erythematosus, 61

D-dimer test, 335 Daptomycin, for gram-positive cocci, 210 Dawn effect, in diabetes mellitus, 39 de Quervain thyroiditis, 25 Decay accelerating factor (DAF), 190 Decompensated heart failure, 137 Decubitus ﬁlm, chest x-ray, 434

in parapneumonic effusion, 312 Decubitus (pressure) ulcers, 431 Deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary thromboembolism and, 331–338 Deﬁbrillator, automatic implantable cardioverter, 143 Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), adrenal androgen excess and, 47 Delirium tremens (DTs), 369 Demand ischemia, 119 Dementia, 404–405 Depression, as acute coronary syndrome complication, 132 Dermatitis, 429–431 Dermatitis herpetiformis, in celiac disease, 96 Dermatographism, 413 Dermatology. See also Skin entries; individual conditions and diseases

acne, 432

bacterial infections, 419–421

benign/precancerous lesions, 425–426

bullous/blistering diseases, 412–413

decubitus ulcers, 431

drug eruptions/hypersensitivity, 413–417

fungal infections, 417–419

hair conditions, 431–432

malignant diseases, 427–428

scaling disorders/papulosquamous dermatitis, 429–431

sexually transmitted infections, 234–240

toxin-mediated diseases, 424–425

viral infections, 421–423 Dermatomyositis, 75, 113 Dermo-epidermal junction

bullous pemphigoid and, 412

cellulitis and, 420 Desensitization, urticaria management and, 414 Desmopressin, for hemophilia, 204 DEXA bone density scan, 7 Dexamethasone, for meningitis, 214 Dexamethasone-suppression test, in Cushing syndrome diagnosis, 42 Dextrose, for toxic ingestion, 358

Diabetes insipidus

central and nephrogenic, 16–18 hypernatremia and, 284

Diabetes mellitus

Candida esophagitis in, 81 classiﬁcation of, 33 complications of, 36–39 diagnosis of, 33–34 as end-stage renal disease cause, 279 glomerulonephritis in, 276 hypertension in, 293 ischemic heart disease risk and, 118 management of, 34–36 pathophysiology/clinical ﬁndings of, 33 retinopathy of, 38, 441–442

screening for, 8 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), 36–37 Diabetic nephropathy, 38 Diabetic neuropathy, 38–39 Diabetic retinopathy, 38, 441–442 Dialysis

for end-stage renal disease, 279–280

for toxic ingestion, 358 Diaphragm

air under, appearance on chest x-ray, 436

hemidiaphragm, right, appearance on chest x-ray, 434 Diarrhea, 91–96, 229–231

antibiotic-associated, 93–94

in carcinoid syndrome, 96

Clostridium difﬁcile-associated, 93–94

infectious, 91–94

in irritable bowel syndrome, 95–96

in lactose intolerance, 95

organisms causing, 92

in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 88 Diastolic dysfunction, in congestive heart failure, 135, 143 Dicloxacillin, for gram-positive cocci, 209–210 Diet

diabetes mellitus and, 34

end-stage renal disease and, 280 Diffuse capillary leak, burn injuries and, 375 Diffuse esophageal spasm, 80 Digitalis, for congestive heart failure, 141–143

toxic effects of, 142–143 Digoxin

drug interactions associated with, 142

toxic effects of, 366–367 Dilated (congested) cardiomyopathy, 143, 153–154 Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), 35 Diphtheria/tetanus (DT) vaccine, 4 Discharge planning, after acute coronary syndrome, 130–131 Discoid lupus (DLE), 61 Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), 59 Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 205–206

456

Index

Данная книга находится в списке для перевода на русский язык сайта https://meduniver.com/

Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint, in osteoarthritis, 69 Distributive shock, 176 Diuretics

as antihypertensive therapy, 298 in congestive heart failure management, 139, 140, 141

as forced diuresis, in toxic ingestion, 358 Diverticulitis, 98–99 Diverticulosis, 98 Dizziness, 393 Dobutamine stress test, in ischemic heart disease, 121 Dog bites, 380 Domestic violence, screening for, 8 Dopamine

hyperprolactinemia and, 12

Parkinsonism and, 407–408 Dopamine agonists

for acromegaly, 14

for hyperprolactinemia, 12 Doxycycline, for diarrhea, 93 Dressler syndrome, as acute coronary syndrome complication, 132 Drowning, 379 Drug abuse, overdose and toxicity management, 362–363 Drug-induced hemolytic anemia, 188–189 Drug-induced lupus, 62 Drug interactions, with digoxin, 142 Drug reactions, 413–417

ﬁxed drug reaction, 416

morbilliform rashes, 414

urticaria, 413–414 Drug therapies

as acute renal failure cause, 271–272

after acute coronary syndrome, 130–131

antihypertensive medications, 295, 298–300

for asthma, 318–319

for cardiovascular disease, 173–175

for congestive heart failure, 139–143 Dry skin, toxidromes and, 357 Dumping syndrome, 89 Duodenal ulcers. See Peptic ulcers Dyslipidemia

in diabetes mellitus, 38

in ischemic heart disease, treatment for, 122 Dyspepsia, nonulcer, 89 Dysplastic nevus, 425 Dyspnea, cardiac vs. pulmonary, 137 Dysrhythmias

as acute coronary syndrome complication, 131

amiodarone therapy, 173, 350

asystole, 346–347

atrial, 351–354

digoxin toxicity and, 366

hypothermia, 377

management of, 346–356

sinus node disorders, 160–170

supraventricular, 163–168, 351–354 torsade de pointes, 171, 349, 350 in tricyclic antidepressant toxicity, 367 ventricular, 169–170 ventricular ﬁbrillation, 172, 347

Eaton-Lambert myasthenic syndrome, 400 Echocardiography

aortic regurgitation, 152 in aortic regurgitation, 152 in cardiomyopathy, 155, 156 in congestive heart failure diagnosis, 139 in ischemic heart disease, 121 in mitral regurgitation, 147 in mitral stenosis, 146 in mitral valve prolapse, 148

in pleural effusion, 158 Eczema, 429–431 Edema

pitting, in congestive heart failure, 138

pulmonary. See Pulmonary edema Edrophonium (Tensilon) test, 400 Efavirenz, 259 Effusion

pericardial, 158–159

pleural. See Pleural effusion Ejection fraction, preserved, in congestive heart failure, 135 Electrocardiogram (EKG)

in acute pericarditis, 157

in aortic regurgitation, 152

in atrial ﬁbrillation, 352

in atrial ﬂutter, 352

in atrial tachycardia, 352

in cardiomyopathy, 155, 156

in cardiovascular disease, 113, 120, 121

in complete heart block, 355

in congestive heart failure diagnosis, 139

in digoxin toxicity, 367

in ﬁrst-degree heart block, 355

in hypothermia, 377

in ischemic heart disease, 120, 121

in mitral regurgitation, 147

in mitral stenosis, 145

normal sinus rhythm, 351

in pericarditis, 160

in pulmonary edema, 144

in second-degree heart block, 355

in ST elevation myocardial infarction, 126–128

transcutaneous vs. transvenous pacing in, 355

in unstable angina/NSTEMI, 124

in ventricular ﬁbrillation, 347

in ventricular tachycardia, 349 Electroencephalography, in seizure and epilepsy diagnosis, 391

457

USMLE Step 2 CK

l Internal Medicine

Electrolytes, in digoxin toxicity, 367 Electromyography, in myasthenia gravis, 400 Embolism, pulmonary, as chest pain cause, 115 Emphysema, appearance on chest x-ray, 435 Empty sella syndrome (ESS), 16 Encephalitis, 215 End-stage renal disease

deﬁned, 263 dialysis for, 279–280

Endocrinology. See also individual diseases and conditions

adrenal gland diseases, 41–50 anterior pituitary diseases, 9–16 carbohydrate metabolism disorders, 33–40 parathyroid gland diseases, 27–32 pituitary gland diseases, 9–16 posterior pituitary lobe diseases, 16–19 testicular hypogonadism, 50–51 thyroid gland diseases, 19–27

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

abdominal imaging with, 438

in acute pancreatitis, 103, 104 Endoscopic ultrasound, abdominal imaging with, 437 Endoscopy

in Barrett esophagus diagnosis, 85

in diverticulosis diagnosis, 98

in epigastric pain diagnosis, 83

in GI bleeding evaluation and diagnosis, 101–103

in peptic ulcer disease diagnosis, 86 Endotracheal tubes, appearance on chest x-ray, 435 Entecavir, for hepatitis, 233 Enteropathic arthropathy, 68 Epidural hematoma, emergency management of, 371–373 Epigastric pain, diseases causing, 83–89 Epilepsy, 390–393 Epinephrine, for asystole, 346 Eplerenone, for congestive heart failure, 141 Erectile dysfunction (ED)

as acute coronary syndrome complication, 132–133

diabetes mellitus and, 39 Erysipelas, 420 Erythema migrans, in Lyme disease, 252, 253 Erythema multiforme, 414–415 Erythema multiforme major (Stevens-Johnson syndrome), 415 Erythema nodosum (EN), 416–417

enteropathic arthropathy and, 68

in rheumatic disorders, 68

in sarcoidosis, 328 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

in osteoarthritis, 69

in temporal arteritis, 74 Erythrocytosis, COPD and, 322 Esophageal cancer, 79 Esophageal dysfunction, in CREST syndrome, 63 Esophagitis, 81

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), in achalasia diagnosis, 78 Esophagus, diseases of, 77–82. See also individual diseases and

conditions

achalasia, 77–78 diffuse esophageal spasm, 80 esophageal cancer, 79 esophagitis, 81 Mallory-Weiss syndrome, 82 nutcracker esophagus, 80 rings and webs, 80 scleroderma, 79–80

Zenker diverticulum, 81–82 Essential thrombocythemia, 196 Etanercept (Enbrel)

for ankylosing spondylitis, 67

for rheumatoid arthritis, 59 Ethambutol (ETB), for tuberculosis, 227 Ethical issues, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis therapy, 401 Ethylene glycol overdose

as acute renal failure cause, 270

diagnosis and management of, 358, 360

dialysis for, 358 Euvolemic states, 283 Exchange transfusion, for sickle cell disease, 197 Exercise

diabetes mellitus and, 34

ischemic heart disease risk and, 118 Exercise stress/treadmill test

in acute coronary syndrome, 131

in ankylosing spondylitis, 66–67

contraindications for, 120

in ischemic heart disease, 120 Expiratory chest x-ray, 434 Expiratory ﬁlm, chest x-ray, 434 Expiratory ﬂow rate, 303 Exudative pleural effusion, 311–312 Eye complications, in diabetes mellitus, 38

Factitious hyperinsulinism, 40 Factitious thyroiditis, 21 False-positive stress tests, in ischemic heart disease, 121 Familial adenomatous polyposis, 100–101 Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH), 28 Fasciitis, necrotizing, 421 Fasting hypoglycemia, 40 Febuxostat, for gout, 71 Feedback inhibition, pituitary gland, 10 Fibrinolytics, in antithrombin therapy, 128–129, 130 Fine-needle aspiration (FNA), in thyroid cancer evaluation, 27 Finger joints, in osteoarthritis, 69 First-degree AV block, 161, 162 Fixed drug reaction, 416 Flow volume loops, in pulmonary function testing, 307–308

458

Index

Данная книга находится в списке для перевода на русский язык сайта https://meduniver.com/

Fluid/electrolyte disorders

hyperkalemia, 285–286 hypernatremia, 284 hypokalemia, 284–285 hyponatremia, 281–283 in renal disease, 281–286

Fluorescent antinuclear antibody (FANA) test, in rheumatologic

disease evaluation, 55 Fluoroquinolones, 211 Focal-segmental nephrotic syndrome, 278 Folic acid deﬁciency, macrocytic anemia and, 185 Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

hyperprolactinemia and, 12

hypopituitarism and, 14–15 Follicular carcinoma, thyroid, 27 Folliculitis, 420–421 Food poisoning, 229–231 Foot injuries, in diabetics, 38 Foot ulcer, diabetic, 39 Forced expiratory ﬂow rate, 303 Forced expiratory volume (FEV), 305

in COPD, 322 Fracture

of skin, in bullous pemphigoid, 412

of skull, emergency management of, 371–373

of spine, in ankylosing spondylitis, 66 Frank-Starling mechanism

in aortic regurgitation, 151

in congestive heart disease, 135 Fungal infections

aspergillosis, 260–261

of skin, 417–419 Furuncles, 420–421

Gait analysis, in Huntington disease, 406 Galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome, 12 Gallbladder, HIDA scanning of, 438–439 Gallbladder disease, chest pain in, 115 Gallstone pancreatitis, 103 Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP), in primary biliary

cirrhosis diagnosis, 107 Gangrene, 245 Gardner syndrome, 101 Gas exchange disturbances, 309

in asthma, 317–318 Gas gangrene, 245 Gastric emptying, for toxic ingestion, 357–358 Gastric lavage, for toxic ingestion, 357 Gastric ulcers. See Peptic ulcers Gastrin

in peptic ulcer disease, 85

in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 88 Gastrinomas, 88

Gastritis, 87

acetaminophen toxicity and, 359

Gastroenterology. See also individual diseases,

syndromes and conditions

acute pancreatitis, 103–105 Barrett esophagus, 85 colon cancer, 99–100 constipation, 99 diarrhea, 91–96 diverticular disease, 98–99 dumping syndrome, 89 epigastric pain, 83–89 esophageal disease, 77–82 gastritis, 87 gastroesophageal reﬂux disease, 83–84 gastrointestinal bleeding, 101–103 gastroparesis, 89 inﬂammatory bowel disease, 90–91 liver disease and cirrhosis, 105–109 malabsorption syndrome, 96–98 nonulcer dyspepsia, 89 peptic ulcer disease, 85–87 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 88

Gastroesophageal reﬂux disease (GERD), 83–84

chest pain in, 115, 116

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract

bleeding in, 101–103 disorders involving, chest pain in, 115, 116 hypercalcemia and, 28 infections of, 229–231 radiation injury to, 378 scleroderma and, 62

Gastroparesis, 89

in diabetics, 39

Genital infections, 234–240

chancroid, 237–238 granuloma inguinale, 238–239 herpes simplex, 239, 421–422 human papilloma virus, 239–240 lymphogranuloma venereum, 238

syphilis, 235–237 Giant cell arteritis. See Temporal arteritis Giant cells, multinucleated, in herpes simplex infection, 422 Gigantism. See Acromegaly Glatiramer acetate, for multiple sclerosis, 403 Glaucoma, 445 Glomerular ﬁltration rate (GFR), in acute renal failure, 263 Glomerulonephritis (GN), 273–278, 279

Alport syndrome and, 273, 276

amyloidosis and, 277

causes of, 273

Churg-Strauss syndrome and, 273

cryoglobulinemia and, 273, 276

diabetes mellitus and, 276

459

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