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Retrieval ofPulmonary Glue Embolus
Данная книга находится в списке для перевода на русский язык сайта https://meduniver.com/
During Transabdominal Lymphatic Embolization
MonicaM.Matsumoto andMaximItkin
Sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare condi­tion predominantly affecting women [1]. Symptoms occur from proliferation of atypical smooth muscle-like cells in the lung and lymphatics. Chylous leaks are common complica­tions and usually respond to medical treatment although lymphatic or thoracic duct embolization has been successful performed for medically refractory cases [2, 3].
A 40-year-old woman with complex LAM requiring bilateral lung transplants presented with worsening chylous ascites. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR lymphangiography identied a lymphatic leak near a pelvic lymphatic mass (Fig.101.1), and she was referred for lymphatic emboliza­tion. Leakage was conrmed on percutaneous intranodal inguinal lymphangiography (Fig.101.2). The mass was then accessed transabdominally under uoroscopic guidance, and needle position was conrmed using water soluble contrast before embolization was performed (Fig. 101.3). During embolization, glue extravasated into the common iliac vein and migrated into the right pulmonary artery (Fig. 101.4). The patient remained hemodynamically stable, but a deci­sion for urgent retrieval was made due to the embolus size and central location. The right common femoral vein was accessed, a vascular sheath was positioned in the IVC, and the embolus was retrieved in its entirety with a snare (Figs. 101.5a–c and 101.6). No post-procedure complica­tions occurred. The patient was ultimately relieved of her symptoms after additional embolizations and percutaneous drainages over 18months.
Non-target glue embolization is a known complication of the lymphatic procedures, with decision for retrieval depend-
101
Fig. 101.1 Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance lymphan-
giography identied a new lymphatic leak (small arrows) in the region of a right pelvic lymphatic mass (large arrows) surrounding common iliac vessels, likely contributing to the patient’s refractory chylous ascites
ing on size and symptoms [4]. The most common emboliza­tion site is pulmonary arteries, but other locations, such as the portal vein, have been described.
M. M. Matsumoto (*) · M. Itkin Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA e-mail: Maxim.Itkin2@pennmedicine.upenn.edu
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 Z. J. Haskal (ed.), Extreme IR, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24251-9_101
352
101 Retrieval ofPulmonary Glue Embolus During Transabdominal Lymphatic Embolization
353
Fig. 101.2 Percutaneous lymphangiography was performed under general anesthesia with bilateral inguinal intranodal injection of ethiodized oil (Lipiodol, Guerbet Group, Princeton, NJ) via 26-gauge needle (right side shown, small arrow). Fluoroscopic imaging demon­strates an extensive pelvic and mesenteric lymphatic network with leak­age from the right pelvic mass (large arrow)
Fig. 101.4 Glue was seen extravasating from the common iliac vein into the inferior vena cava (IVC), and then migrated into the right pul­monary artery (large arrows). To facilitate retrieval, the right femoral vein was accessed with a 20 Fr 25cm vascular sheath positioned in the IVC, and the right main pulmonary artery was catheterized, shown par­tially opacied with iodinated contrast injection (small arrows)
Fig. 101.3 Using uoroscopic guided transabdominal access, the pel­vic mass was accessed with a 25-gauge spinal needle (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ), with positioned conrmed with water soluble contrast. The mass was then embolized with N-butyl cyanoacrylate glue (Trull, Codman Neuro, Raynham, MA) diluted 1:2 with Lipiodol (arrow)
354
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M. M. Matsumoto and M. Itkin
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Fig. 101.5 (a) The glue embolus was successfully retrieved from the right pulmonary artery with a 7 Fr 20mm EN Snare® (MeritMedical, South Jordan, UT) (arrow). (b, c) The embolus was carefully retracted down into the sheath until it was removed in its entirety (arrow)
Bibliography
1. Ryu JH, Moss J, Beck GJ, etal. The NHLBI lymphangioleiomyo­matosis registry: characteristics of 230 patients at enrollment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173:105–11.
2. Itkin M, McCormack FX. Nonmalignant adult thoracic lymphatic disorders. Clin Chest Med. 2016;37:409–20.
3. Nadolski GJ, Chauhan NR, Itkin M. Lymphangiography and lym­phatic embolization for the treatment of refractory Chylous ascites. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2018;41:415–23.
4. Pamarthi V, Stecker MS, Schenker MP, etal. Thoracic duct emboli­zation and disruption for treatment of Chylous effusions: experience with 105 patients. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2014;25:1398–404.
Fig. 101.6 Post-retrieval uoroscopic spot image conrmed complete retrieval of the glue embolus
Index
A
Abdominal pain, 144 Ablation, 276, 277 AccuStick introducer system, 126 Active extravasation, 26, 27 Acute massive portal vein thrombosis, transcatheter thrombolysis for,
176, 177 Alpha fetoprotein (AFP), 246 Amplatzer Vascular Plug (AVP II), 203 Anastomotic disruption with a large pseudoaneurysm, 198 Aneurysm sac, 26, 27 Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC), 338 Angio-CT guided sharp recanalization of superior mesenteric venous
occlusion, 138–141 Angiography, 40, 74, 214 Angioplasty, 48, 58, 59, 108 AngioVac thrombectomy, 108, 109, 111 Antecubital brachio-basilic arteriovenous stula, 314 Antegrade removal of covered metallic ureteral stent, 332, 333 Antegrade subtimal approaches, 66 Antegrade transmesenteric stenting, 172 Anterior tibial artery (ATA) bypass, 66 Anticoagulation therapy, 176 Antiparasitic therapy, 328 Aortic embolectomy, 8 Aortobifemoral graft patient, 36–38 Aortography, 2, 8 Arterial embolization, 295 Arterial injuries, 241 Arteriovenous stula, 314 Arteriovenous malformation (AVM), 286, 296–299
treatment, 300–303 Ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm, 2, 3 Aspiration thrombectomy, 176 Atrial septal defect occluder (ASDO), 16–18
B
Balloon angioplasty, 2 Balloon-assisted coil embolization, 272–274 Balloon dilatation, 22 Balloon-expandable stent-graft, 210 Balloon targeted sharp recanalization, 88, 89 Balloon-stent chain technique, 86 Balloon venoplasty, 176 Benign biliary obstructive jaundice, intrahepatic neobiliary duct
formation for, 226 Bentall procedure, 2 Bilateral common femoral venous access, 116 Bilateral inguinal lymph nodes, 347 Bilateral pleural effusions, 346, 349 Bilateral supercial femoral artery (SFA) stents, 36 Bird chirping sound, 286
Bleeding jejunal varices, 138–141 Bleeding nasal arteriovenous malformation, percutaneous
sclerotherapy of, 294, 295
Bleomycin orbital sclerotherapy of retro-orbital low ow
lymphovenous malformation, 290–292 Blunt recanalization, 112 Bowel ischemia, 206–208 Brachial plexopathy, 320, 321 Branched arterial reconstruction, 36–38
C
Carotid retrograde rescue, anterior communicating artery, 70 Cavography, 130 CBD, see Common bile duct (CBD) Celiac angiography, 250 Celiac artery graft, 207 Celiac trunk avulsion, treated with endograft and embolization, 196,
197 Cervical spine, 338 Chemoembolization, 255 Chemo-radiotherapy, 266 Chemotherapy, 260 Cholangiography, 230, 234 Cholecysto-jejunostomy anastomosis, 225 Chronic arteriovenous antecubital stulae, 315 Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), 66 Chronic spleno-mesentero-portal thrombosis, 158, 159 Chronic supercial artery occlusion, 48–50 Chronic superior vena cava (SVC) occlusion, 86 Chronic transpleural biliary drain tract, prophylactic liquid
embolization of, 234, 235 Coaxial ne needle technique, 165 Coil embolization, 272, 315
of large uterine artery aneurysm, pregnancy, 218, 219
of venous outow, 315 Common bile duct (CBD), 222, 225, 228, 232–234 Common carotid artery pseudoaneurysm, 76–79 Common femoral artery (CFA), 40, 44 Common iliac venous system, 118 Complete endovascular arch repair for Type A aortic dissection, 4, 6 Complex central lymphatic leak embolization, transhepatic
lymphangiogram with, 346–349 Complex iatrogenic guidewire dissection management, 40–42 Complex IVC lter removal, 100–102 Complex right renal artery aneurysm treatment with stent-graft,
210–213 Congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS), 142, 143 Contralateral crossover approach, 40 Contrast central occlusion with lack of opacication, 227 Conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE), 246 Coronal maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstruction, 128 COVID aortic clot, 8–10
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 Z. J. Haskal (ed.), Extreme IR, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24251-9
355
356
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Index
Cowden disease, 296 Critical limb ischemia, retrograde puncture of profunda femoris artery
for, 44–47
Cryoablation, 259
of periportal nodal and serosal metastases, 260, 261 probes, 260 renal parenchymal blowout, using balloon-assisted coil
embolization, 272–274 Cryoprobe, 258, 260, 264, 268, 269 Cystectomy, 122
D
Deep venous arterialization (DVA), 52 Derivo stent, 70, 71 Detachable hydrogel, 314 Digital subtraction angiography (DSA), 66, 71, 72, 75, 77, 116, 184,
192, 211, 250, 286, 291, 304, 306 Direct sac embolization, 26 Direct transhepatic Varico-Caval shunt, 130, 131 Dorsalis pedis artery, 48–50 Dual antiplatelet therapy, 70 Dystrophic calcication, 258
E
Elective embolotherapy, 219 Ellipsys side-to-side anastomosis, deep venous arterialization with, 52 Embolization of large inadvertent iatrogenic arterioportal shunt, 144 Emergent stent graft for traumatic laceration of right portal vein,
134–136 Endograft, 196, 197, 200 Endograft side-branch aortic component, 5 Endosac collateral bleeding, neocaval reconstruction complicated by,
116, 117, 119 Endovascular arterial bypass via gunsight, 56–59 Endovascular recanalization, 92
of hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation, 192–194
and stenting of chronic supercial artery occlusion, dorsalis pedis
artery, 48–50 Endovascular repair of mycotic aortic arch aneurysm, 16–18 Endovascular revascularization, 56 Endovascular shunt, 154 Endovascular stenting of pulmonary stenosis from Takayasu arteritis,
308, 309 Endovascular therapy, 295 Endovascular treatment of wide-necked proximal celiac artery
aneurysm, 214, 215 Endurant aortic endograft, 215 Enoxaparin anticoagulation, 108 ePTFE stent graft, 193 Esophageal varices, 173 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, 160 Ethiodized oil deposition, 255 Ethylene–vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), 286, 287, 314
embolization of subtle arterio-biliary stula, 240, 241 Ethylene vinyl alcohol liquid embolic (Onyx®) administration, 12 Extensive renal cortical infarction, 189 Extensive subarachnoid hemorrhage, 72 External iliac artery (EIA), 32, 44 Extra-anatomical venous bypass, 92–94 Extracranial nail, 74 Extrahepatic bile duct ligation, 228–230 Extrahepatic right duct occlusion, 229 Extra-hepatic tumor, 251 Extraordinary extra-anatomical endoprostheses, hilar biliary
obstruction treated with, 232, 233
F
Fibered coils, 274 Fish mouth phenomenon, 70 Fixation by Internal Cemented Screw (FICS) procedure, 336 Fluency stent, 22, 23 Focal aortic occlusion, 9 Focal stenosis, 308 Frontal glioblastoma recurrence, MRI-guided cryoablation of, 266,
267 Fused 2D grey scale, 276 Fusiform dissecting SFA aneurysm, 60
G
Gallbladder, 223–225, 242 Gastroduodenal artery (GDA), 180, 247 Giant femoral anastomotic pseudo aneurysm in aortobifemoral graft
patient, 36–39 Giant venous aneurysm, high ow renal AVF with, 202–204 Glue embolization of high output biliary stula, 238, 239 Gore ascending stent graft, 4 Gunsight technique, 56–59, 152
H
Hemodialysis catheter, 1, 2 Hepatic artery thrombosis, endovascular recanalization of, 192–194 Hepatic echinococcal cyst, percutaneous debridement of, 328–330 Hepatic encephalopathy, 148 Hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma, 232 Hepatic parenchyma, 170 Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 250 High ow renal AVF with giant venous aneurysm, 202–204 High-grade right pulmonary artery stenosis, 308 Hilar biliary obstruction treated with extraordinary extra-anatomical
endoprostheses, 232, 233 Hockey-stick ultrasound probe, 290 Hydrophilic cobra catheter, 158 Hypercoagulability, 177
I
Iatrogenic pneumothorax, 269, 282, 283 IceEdge™, 258, 259 IceRod Plus cryoprobes, 268 Iliac branch endoprosthesis (IBE), 36 Iliocaval thrombosis, 101 Iliofemoral endovascular construction for caval agenesis, 112 Inferior vena cava (IVC), 64 Intra-aneurysmal bare stent, 210–213 Intraarterial therapy of inltrative hepatocellular carcinoma with
extensive parasitization, 246–248 Intracranial nails, 74 Intrahepatic neobiliary duct formation for benign biliary obstructive
jaundice, 226 Intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, 141 Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), 12 Irreversible electroporation (IRE), 260, 261
pelvic metastasis treated with, 278, 279 Iterative cryoablation of head and neck adenocarcinoma recurrence,
264, 265 IVC leiomyosarcoma with non-target embolization, 254–256
J
Juxta-gallbladder thermal ablations, 242
Index
357
K
Kumpe catheter, 198
L
Large caval mass with hepatic invasion, 254 Large inadvertent iatrogenic arterioportal shunt, embolization of, 144 Large ulnar-sided forearm collaterals, 315 Large uterine artery aneurysm, coil embolization of, during pregnancy,
218, 219 Left common carotid artery (LCCA), 20 Left hypogastric artery aneurysm, 29 Left internal iliac artery aneurysm, 29 Left internal mammary artery (LIMA), 251 Left pulmonary artery stenosis, 308 Left-sided intrahepatic neo-biliary formation, 226 Loop snare, 92, 93, 233 Lymphatic reux, 347
M
Malecot-type nephrostomy tube, 274 Massive extravasation, 122–124 Mastectomy, 260 MELD score, 138 Mesenteric vein thrombosis, transcatheter thrombolysis for, 176, 177 Mesocaval shunt in patient with portocaval transposition, 152–154 Middle hepatic vein approach, 164 Minimal intimal hyperplasia, 174 Modied SAFARI technique, 66 Modied snare technique, 333 mRECIST response, 251, 252 MRI-guided cryoablation of frontal glioblastoma recurrence, 266, 267 Multiple aspiration thrombectomies, 192 Multiple stent grafts, 2 Musashi snuffbox access for simultaneous arterial and venous access,
64, 65 Musashi, Miyamoto, 65 Mycotic aortic aneurysm repair, 350–352 Mycotic aortic arch aneurysm, 17
N
Needle and guidewire technique, 324–326 Neoadjuvant TACE for IVC leiomyosarcoma with non-target
embolization, 254–256 Neocaval reconstruction complicated by endosac collateral bleeding,
116, 117, 119 Neo-duct creation, 228–230 Neo-SVC reconstruction via transhepatic access, 88, 89 Nephrostomy, 272–274
O
Occluded hepatic artery stent, 180–182 One-Step centesis catheter, 282 Onyx®, 12–14 Open cardiac massage, 196, 197
P
Palliative cryoablation, 258, 259 Pancreas transplant anastomotic breakdown, 198–200 Pancreatic artery anastomosis, 198 Pancreatic pseudocyst stula, 126, 127 Pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm, 184
Pancreatitis-related portal vein aneurysm, with stent-assisted coil
embolization, 146, 147 Patent bilateral external iliac veins, 119 Patent mesocaval shunt, 157 Pelvic metastasis treated with Irreversible Electroporation (IRE), 278,
279 Percutaneous biopsy of intra-abdominal mass, 324–326 Percutaneous cryoablation
of H&N tumors, 264
of precarious pulmonary nodule, 268–270 Percutaneous debridement of hepatic echinococcal cyst, 328–330 Percutaneous drainage of urinoma, 272 Percutaneous hepatico-cholecysto-enterostomy, 222–224 Percutaneous iliac artery Type II endoleak embolization complicated
by active extravasation, 26, 27 Percutaneous ilio-femoral arterial bypass, 32–34 Percutaneous porto-mesenteric venous endoconduit creation, 148–150 Percutaneous sclerotherapy, 295, 338
of bleeding nasal arteriovenous malformation, 294, 295 Percutaneous trans-atrial embolization, 2, 3
of persistent iliac aneurysm, 28, 30 Percutaneous trans colonic trans hepatic mesocaval shunt creation,
156, 157 Percutaneous transhepatic access, 180–182 Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD), 232 Percutaneous trans-needle glue embolization of isolated visceral
aneurysm, 184–186 Periportal lymph node, 260 Permanent VenaTech lter with retained migrated fragments, 96–98 Persistent iliac aneurysm, percutaneous transarterial embolization, 28,
30 Platelet transfusion, 70 Pleural effusion, 234, 235 Pneumatic nail gun, 74 Portal hypertension, 126, 127 Porthole retrieval technique, 104, 105 Portocaval shunt (PCS), 148 Portocaval transposition (PCS), 148
mesocaval shunt in patient with, 152–154 Portography, 172 Posterior pelvic angle with interlocking screw-cement construct, 336,
337 Post-thoraco-aortic thrombectomy, 9 Post-Whipple procedure, 234 Potential pseudoaneurysm (PSA), 240 PowerwireRF, 116, 117 Precarious pulmonary nodule, percutaneous cryoablation of, 268–270 Pregnancy, coil embolization of large uterine artery aneurysm, 218,
219 Prematurely unsheathed fenestrated aortic arch stent graft, 20, 21 Progreat microcatheter, 234 Prophylactic liquid embolization of chronic transpleural biliary drain
tract, 234, 235 Proximal superior mesenteric artery graft, 207 Pseudoaneurysm of ascending aorta, 2 Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM), 304–306
R
Radiofrequency ablation probe, 277 Radiofrequency-wire guided reconstruction, 228–230 Radio-opaque EVOH, 288 Recanalization of occluded right lower extremity stents, 36–39 Re-creation of disrupted AV graft venous anastomosis, 316 Recurrent chordoma, 258 Re-hepaticocoledocostomy, 193
358
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Index
Removal of dialysis access stents migrated to heart and pulmonary
artery, 312, 313 Renal artery pseudoaneurysm, 189 Renal parenchymal blowout using balloon-assisted coil embolization,
272–274 Rendezvous recanalization, of occluded hepatic artery stent via
percutaneous transhepatic access, 180–182 Renegade® STC microcatheter, 2 Retrieval of pulmonary glue embolus, 354–356 Retrograde glue embolization of retroperitoneal lymphatic leak,
350–352 Retrograde puncture of profunda femoris artery, for critical limb
ischemia, 44–47 Retrograde subtimal approaches, 66 Retro-orbital low ow lymphovenous malformation, 290–292 Revision hepatico-jejunostomy, 222 Right internal jugular approach, 160 Right internal mammary artery (RIMA), 250, 251 Right transfemoral artery approach, 70, 203, 304 Robotic cholecystectomy, 228–230 Roller coaster TIPS, 164–166 Rösch-Uchida transjugular liver access needle, 114 Rotational cone beam angiography, 75 Ruptured hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm, 188, 189
S
Safe-T-Centesis catheter, 268 Sclerotherapy, 292, 294 Self-expandable covered stents, 22 Self-expanding bare metal stent, 40, 41, 312 Sequential venoplasty, 104 Severe right upper extremity edema, 92 Sharp recanalization of chronic total venous occlusions, 86, 87 SOS catheter, 198 Splenic aneurysm, 122 Splenorenal shunt (SRS), 148 Sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), 354 STABILIZER™ Plus Guidewire, 66 Stent-assisted coil embolization, pancreatitis-related portal vein
aneurysm with, 146, 147 Stent-assisted technique, 210 Sub-centimeter cutaneous ulcerations, 252 Subcutaneous embedded kyphoplasty cannula extraction, 342, 343 Subtle arterio-biliary stula, EVOH embolization of, 240, 241 Supercial femoral artery (SFA), 60 Superior and inferior snare loops, 57 Superior mesenteric arteriography, 184 Superior mesenteric artery (SMA), 8, 9 Swallow-the-balloon technique, 104
Transabdominal lymphatic embolization, 354–356 Transampullary biliary catheter, 228, 230 Transarterial radioembolization with 90Y, 251 Transcatheter thrombolysis for acute massive portal and mesenteric
vein thrombosis, 176, 177
Transcaval endoleak repair complication, by Onyx leak into IVC and
heart, 12–14 Transcaval to mesenteric collateral shunt creation, 158, 159 Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance, 312 Transfemoral occlusion, 108 Transfemoral transcaval guidance, 160, 161 Transhepatic lymphangiogram with complex central lymphatic leak
embolization, 346–349 Transhepatic portal venography, 144 Transhepatic portal venous access, 140 Transjugular approach, 134 Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), 122–124, 126,
127, 156, 168
in situs inversus with transfemoral transcaval guidance, 160–162 Transjugular portal access, 162 Transjugular Rosch-Uchida access, 158 Transmesenteric lymphangiogram, 346 Transpleural right biliary drain, 234 Transradial cerebral angiography, 294 Type A aortic dissection (TAAD), 4, 6 Type II endoleak, 12
U
Ultrasonic thrombectomy and stent placement for life threatening
SVC Syndrome, 82–84 Unconventional endovascular salvage, 60 Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), 100
V
Varicose veins, 130, 131 Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 188, 189 Vascular malformation, 286 VBX ePTFE stent-graft, 152 Venography, 2 Venoplasty, 112, 114 Venous anastomosis, 316, 317 Venous outow embolization, 296–299 Ventricular septal defect device, for post-ablation gallbladder wall
injury, 242–244 Viabahn stent, 58, 92, 94, 116 VIATORR TIPS endoprosthesis, 150, 168–170 Volume rendering technique (VRT), 20
W
T
Takayasu arteritis, 308, 309 Thoracic branch endoprosthesis, 4
Water-lily sign, 328 Wide-necked proximal celiac artery aneurysm, endovascular treatment
of, 214, 215
Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), 4, 5, 16 Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysmal, 22 3D Printing, 304–306 Thrombectomy, 44
Y
Yttrium-90 radiation segmentectomy, 250, 251
Thrombin injection, 198 Thrombosed left PV approach, 176 Through-and-through access, 141 Transabdominal aneurysm sac puncture, 26
Z
Zilver® stents, 138
Transabdominal approach, 26