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Retrieval ofPulmonary Glue Embolus
Данная книга находится в списке для перевода на русский язык сайта https://meduniver.com/
During Transabdominal Lymphatic
Embolization
MonicaM.Matsumoto andMaximItkin
Sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare condition predominantly affecting women [1]. Symptoms occur
from proliferation of atypical smooth muscle-like cells in the
lung and lymphatics. Chylous leaks are common complications and usually respond to medical treatment although
lymphatic or thoracic duct embolization has been successful
performed for medically refractory cases [2, 3].
A 40-year-old woman with complex LAM requiring
bilateral lung transplants presented with worsening chylous
ascites. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR lymphangiography
identied a lymphatic leak near a pelvic lymphatic mass
(Fig.101.1), and she was referred for lymphatic embolization. Leakage was conrmed on percutaneous intranodal
inguinal lymphangiography (Fig.101.2). The mass was then
accessed transabdominally under uoroscopic guidance, and
needle position was conrmed using water soluble contrast
before embolization was performed (Fig. 101.3). During
embolization, glue extravasated into the common iliac vein
and migrated into the right pulmonary artery (Fig. 101.4).
The patient remained hemodynamically stable, but a decision for urgent retrieval was made due to the embolus size
and central location. The right common femoral vein was
accessed, a vascular sheath was positioned in the IVC, and
the embolus was retrieved in its entirety with a snare
(Figs. 101.5a–c and 101.6). No post-procedure complications occurred. The patient was ultimately relieved of her
symptoms after additional embolizations and percutaneous
drainages over 18months.
Non-target glue embolization is a known complication of
the lymphatic procedures, with decision for retrieval depend-
101
Fig. 101.1 Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance lymphan-
giography identied a new lymphatic leak (small arrows) in the region
of a right pelvic lymphatic mass (large arrows) surrounding common
iliac vessels, likely contributing to the patient’s refractory chylous
ascites
ing on size and symptoms [4]. The most common embolization site is pulmonary arteries, but other locations, such as
the portal vein, have been described.
M. M. Matsumoto (*) · M. Itkin
Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology,
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Penn Medicine,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
e-mail: Maxim.Itkin2@pennmedicine.upenn.edu
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023
Z. J. Haskal (ed.), Extreme IR, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24251-9_101
352

101 Retrieval ofPulmonary Glue Embolus During Transabdominal Lymphatic Embolization
353
Fig. 101.2 Percutaneous lymphangiography was performed under
general anesthesia with bilateral inguinal intranodal injection of
ethiodized oil (Lipiodol, Guerbet Group, Princeton, NJ) via 26-gauge
needle (right side shown, small arrow). Fluoroscopic imaging demonstrates an extensive pelvic and mesenteric lymphatic network with leakage from the right pelvic mass (large arrow)
Fig. 101.4 Glue was seen extravasating from the common iliac vein
into the inferior vena cava (IVC), and then migrated into the right pulmonary artery (large arrows). To facilitate retrieval, the right femoral
vein was accessed with a 20 Fr 25cm vascular sheath positioned in the
IVC, and the right main pulmonary artery was catheterized, shown partially opacied with iodinated contrast injection (small arrows)
Fig. 101.3 Using uoroscopic guided transabdominal access, the pelvic mass was accessed with a 25-gauge spinal needle (BD, Franklin
Lakes, NJ), with positioned conrmed with water soluble contrast. The
mass was then embolized with N-butyl cyanoacrylate glue (Trull,
Codman Neuro, Raynham, MA) diluted 1:2 with Lipiodol (arrow)

354
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M. M. Matsumoto and M. Itkin
abc
Fig. 101.5 (a) The glue embolus was successfully retrieved from the right pulmonary artery with a 7 Fr 20mm EN Snare® (MeritMedical, South
Jordan, UT) (arrow). (b, c) The embolus was carefully retracted down into the sheath until it was removed in its entirety (arrow)
Bibliography
1. Ryu JH, Moss J, Beck GJ, etal. The NHLBI lymphangioleiomyomatosis registry: characteristics of 230 patients at enrollment. Am J
Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173:105–11.
2. Itkin M, McCormack FX. Nonmalignant adult thoracic lymphatic
disorders. Clin Chest Med. 2016;37:409–20.
3. Nadolski GJ, Chauhan NR, Itkin M. Lymphangiography and lymphatic embolization for the treatment of refractory Chylous ascites.
Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2018;41:415–23.
4. Pamarthi V, Stecker MS, Schenker MP, etal. Thoracic duct embolization and disruption for treatment of Chylous effusions: experience
with 105 patients. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2014;25:1398–404.
Fig. 101.6 Post-retrieval uoroscopic spot image conrmed complete
retrieval of the glue embolus

Index
A
Abdominal pain, 144
Ablation, 276, 277
AccuStick introducer system, 126
Active extravasation, 26, 27
Acute massive portal vein thrombosis, transcatheter thrombolysis for,
176, 177
Alpha fetoprotein (AFP), 246
Amplatzer Vascular Plug (AVP II), 203
Anastomotic disruption with a large pseudoaneurysm, 198
Aneurysm sac, 26, 27
Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC), 338
Angio-CT guided sharp recanalization of superior mesenteric venous
occlusion, 138–141
Angiography, 40, 74, 214
Angioplasty, 48, 58, 59, 108
AngioVac thrombectomy, 108, 109, 111
Antecubital brachio-basilic arteriovenous stula, 314
Antegrade removal of covered metallic ureteral stent, 332, 333
Antegrade subtimal approaches, 66
Antegrade transmesenteric stenting, 172
Anterior tibial artery (ATA) bypass, 66
Anticoagulation therapy, 176
Antiparasitic therapy, 328
Aortic embolectomy, 8
Aortobifemoral graft patient, 36–38
Aortography, 2, 8
Arterial embolization, 295
Arterial injuries, 241
Arteriovenous stula, 314
Arteriovenous malformation (AVM), 286, 296–299
treatment, 300–303
Ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm, 2, 3
Aspiration thrombectomy, 176
Atrial septal defect occluder (ASDO), 16–18
B
Balloon angioplasty, 2
Balloon-assisted coil embolization, 272–274
Balloon dilatation, 22
Balloon-expandable stent-graft, 210
Balloon targeted sharp recanalization, 88, 89
Balloon-stent chain technique, 86
Balloon venoplasty, 176
Benign biliary obstructive jaundice, intrahepatic neobiliary duct
formation for, 226
Bentall procedure, 2
Bilateral common femoral venous access, 116
Bilateral inguinal lymph nodes, 347
Bilateral pleural effusions, 346, 349
Bilateral supercial femoral artery (SFA) stents, 36
Bird chirping sound, 286
Bleeding jejunal varices, 138–141
Bleeding nasal arteriovenous malformation, percutaneous
sclerotherapy of, 294, 295
Bleomycin orbital sclerotherapy of retro-orbital low ow
lymphovenous malformation, 290–292
Blunt recanalization, 112
Bowel ischemia, 206–208
Brachial plexopathy, 320, 321
Branched arterial reconstruction, 36–38
C
Carotid retrograde rescue, anterior communicating artery, 70
Cavography, 130
CBD, see Common bile duct (CBD)
Celiac angiography, 250
Celiac artery graft, 207
Celiac trunk avulsion, treated with endograft and embolization, 196,
197
Cervical spine, 338
Chemoembolization, 255
Chemo-radiotherapy, 266
Chemotherapy, 260
Cholangiography, 230, 234
Cholecysto-jejunostomy anastomosis, 225
Chronic arteriovenous antecubital stulae, 315
Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), 66
Chronic spleno-mesentero-portal thrombosis, 158, 159
Chronic supercial artery occlusion, 48–50
Chronic superior vena cava (SVC) occlusion, 86
Chronic transpleural biliary drain tract, prophylactic liquid
embolization of, 234, 235
Coaxial ne needle technique, 165
Coil embolization, 272, 315
of large uterine artery aneurysm, pregnancy, 218, 219
of venous outow, 315
Common bile duct (CBD), 222, 225, 228, 232–234
Common carotid artery pseudoaneurysm, 76–79
Common femoral artery (CFA), 40, 44
Common iliac venous system, 118
Complete endovascular arch repair for Type A aortic dissection, 4, 6
Complex central lymphatic leak embolization, transhepatic
lymphangiogram with, 346–349
Complex iatrogenic guidewire dissection management, 40–42
Complex IVC lter removal, 100–102
Complex right renal artery aneurysm treatment with stent-graft,
210–213
Congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS), 142, 143
Contralateral crossover approach, 40
Contrast central occlusion with lack of opacication, 227
Conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE), 246
Coronal maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstruction, 128
COVID aortic clot, 8–10
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023
Z. J. Haskal (ed.), Extreme IR, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24251-9
355

356
Данная книга находится в списке для перевода на русский язык сайта https://meduniver.com/
Index
Cowden disease, 296
Critical limb ischemia, retrograde puncture of profunda femoris artery
for, 44–47
Cryoablation, 259
of periportal nodal and serosal metastases, 260, 261
probes, 260
renal parenchymal blowout, using balloon-assisted coil
embolization, 272–274
Cryoprobe, 258, 260, 264, 268, 269
Cystectomy, 122
D
Deep venous arterialization (DVA), 52
Derivo stent, 70, 71
Detachable hydrogel, 314
Digital subtraction angiography (DSA), 66, 71, 72, 75, 77, 116, 184,
192, 211, 250, 286, 291, 304, 306
Direct sac embolization, 26
Direct transhepatic Varico-Caval shunt, 130, 131
Dorsalis pedis artery, 48–50
Dual antiplatelet therapy, 70
Dystrophic calcication, 258
E
Elective embolotherapy, 219
Ellipsys side-to-side anastomosis, deep venous arterialization with, 52
Embolization of large inadvertent iatrogenic arterioportal shunt, 144
Emergent stent graft for traumatic laceration of right portal vein,
134–136
Endograft, 196, 197, 200
Endograft side-branch aortic component, 5
Endosac collateral bleeding, neocaval reconstruction complicated by,
116, 117, 119
Endovascular arterial bypass via gunsight, 56–59
Endovascular recanalization, 92
of hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation, 192–194
and stenting of chronic supercial artery occlusion, dorsalis pedis
artery, 48–50
Endovascular repair of mycotic aortic arch aneurysm, 16–18
Endovascular revascularization, 56
Endovascular shunt, 154
Endovascular stenting of pulmonary stenosis from Takayasu arteritis,
308, 309
Endovascular therapy, 295
Endovascular treatment of wide-necked proximal celiac artery
aneurysm, 214, 215
Endurant aortic endograft, 215
Enoxaparin anticoagulation, 108
ePTFE stent graft, 193
Esophageal varices, 173
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, 160
Ethiodized oil deposition, 255
Ethylene–vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), 286, 287, 314
embolization of subtle arterio-biliary stula, 240, 241
Ethylene vinyl alcohol liquid embolic (Onyx®) administration, 12
Extensive renal cortical infarction, 189
Extensive subarachnoid hemorrhage, 72
External iliac artery (EIA), 32, 44
Extra-anatomical venous bypass, 92–94
Extracranial nail, 74
Extrahepatic bile duct ligation, 228–230
Extrahepatic right duct occlusion, 229
Extra-hepatic tumor, 251
Extraordinary extra-anatomical endoprostheses, hilar biliary
obstruction treated with, 232, 233
F
Fibered coils, 274
Fish mouth phenomenon, 70
Fixation by Internal Cemented Screw (FICS) procedure, 336
Fluency stent, 22, 23
Focal aortic occlusion, 9
Focal stenosis, 308
Frontal glioblastoma recurrence, MRI-guided cryoablation of, 266,
267
Fused 2D grey scale, 276
Fusiform dissecting SFA aneurysm, 60
G
Gallbladder, 223–225, 242
Gastroduodenal artery (GDA), 180, 247
Giant femoral anastomotic pseudo aneurysm in aortobifemoral graft
patient, 36–39
Giant venous aneurysm, high ow renal AVF with, 202–204
Glue embolization of high output biliary stula, 238, 239
Gore ascending stent graft, 4
Gunsight technique, 56–59, 152
H
Hemodialysis catheter, 1, 2
Hepatic artery thrombosis, endovascular recanalization of, 192–194
Hepatic echinococcal cyst, percutaneous debridement of, 328–330
Hepatic encephalopathy, 148
Hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma, 232
Hepatic parenchyma, 170
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 250
High ow renal AVF with giant venous aneurysm, 202–204
High-grade right pulmonary artery stenosis, 308
Hilar biliary obstruction treated with extraordinary extra-anatomical
endoprostheses, 232, 233
Hockey-stick ultrasound probe, 290
Hydrophilic cobra catheter, 158
Hypercoagulability, 177
I
Iatrogenic pneumothorax, 269, 282, 283
IceEdge™, 258, 259
IceRod Plus cryoprobes, 268
Iliac branch endoprosthesis (IBE), 36
Iliocaval thrombosis, 101
Iliofemoral endovascular construction for caval agenesis, 112
Inferior vena cava (IVC), 64
Intra-aneurysmal bare stent, 210–213
Intraarterial therapy of inltrative hepatocellular carcinoma with
extensive parasitization, 246–248
Intracranial nails, 74
Intrahepatic neobiliary duct formation for benign biliary obstructive
jaundice, 226
Intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, 141
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), 12
Irreversible electroporation (IRE), 260, 261
pelvic metastasis treated with, 278, 279
Iterative cryoablation of head and neck adenocarcinoma recurrence,
264, 265
IVC leiomyosarcoma with non-target embolization, 254–256
J
Juxta-gallbladder thermal ablations, 242

Index
357
K
Kumpe catheter, 198
L
Large caval mass with hepatic invasion, 254
Large inadvertent iatrogenic arterioportal shunt, embolization of, 144
Large ulnar-sided forearm collaterals, 315
Large uterine artery aneurysm, coil embolization of, during pregnancy,
218, 219
Left common carotid artery (LCCA), 20
Left hypogastric artery aneurysm, 29
Left internal iliac artery aneurysm, 29
Left internal mammary artery (LIMA), 251
Left pulmonary artery stenosis, 308
Left-sided intrahepatic neo-biliary formation, 226
Loop snare, 92, 93, 233
Lymphatic reux, 347
M
Malecot-type nephrostomy tube, 274
Massive extravasation, 122–124
Mastectomy, 260
MELD score, 138
Mesenteric vein thrombosis, transcatheter thrombolysis for, 176, 177
Mesocaval shunt in patient with portocaval transposition, 152–154
Middle hepatic vein approach, 164
Minimal intimal hyperplasia, 174
Modied SAFARI technique, 66
Modied snare technique, 333
mRECIST response, 251, 252
MRI-guided cryoablation of frontal glioblastoma recurrence, 266, 267
Multiple aspiration thrombectomies, 192
Multiple stent grafts, 2
Musashi snuffbox access for simultaneous arterial and venous access,
64, 65
Musashi, Miyamoto, 65
Mycotic aortic aneurysm repair, 350–352
Mycotic aortic arch aneurysm, 17
N
Needle and guidewire technique, 324–326
Neoadjuvant TACE for IVC leiomyosarcoma with non-target
embolization, 254–256
Neocaval reconstruction complicated by endosac collateral bleeding,
116, 117, 119
Neo-duct creation, 228–230
Neo-SVC reconstruction via transhepatic access, 88, 89
Nephrostomy, 272–274
O
Occluded hepatic artery stent, 180–182
One-Step centesis catheter, 282
Onyx®, 12–14
Open cardiac massage, 196, 197
P
Palliative cryoablation, 258, 259
Pancreas transplant anastomotic breakdown, 198–200
Pancreatic artery anastomosis, 198
Pancreatic pseudocyst stula, 126, 127
Pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm, 184
Pancreatitis-related portal vein aneurysm, with stent-assisted coil
embolization, 146, 147
Patent bilateral external iliac veins, 119
Patent mesocaval shunt, 157
Pelvic metastasis treated with Irreversible Electroporation (IRE), 278,
279
Percutaneous biopsy of intra-abdominal mass, 324–326
Percutaneous cryoablation
of H&N tumors, 264
of precarious pulmonary nodule, 268–270
Percutaneous debridement of hepatic echinococcal cyst, 328–330
Percutaneous drainage of urinoma, 272
Percutaneous hepatico-cholecysto-enterostomy, 222–224
Percutaneous iliac artery Type II endoleak embolization complicated
by active extravasation, 26, 27
Percutaneous ilio-femoral arterial bypass, 32–34
Percutaneous porto-mesenteric venous endoconduit creation, 148–150
Percutaneous sclerotherapy, 295, 338
of bleeding nasal arteriovenous malformation, 294, 295
Percutaneous trans-atrial embolization, 2, 3
of persistent iliac aneurysm, 28, 30
Percutaneous trans colonic trans hepatic mesocaval shunt creation,
156, 157
Percutaneous transhepatic access, 180–182
Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD), 232
Percutaneous trans-needle glue embolization of isolated visceral
aneurysm, 184–186
Periportal lymph node, 260
Permanent VenaTech lter with retained migrated fragments, 96–98
Persistent iliac aneurysm, percutaneous transarterial embolization, 28,
30
Platelet transfusion, 70
Pleural effusion, 234, 235
Pneumatic nail gun, 74
Portal hypertension, 126, 127
Porthole retrieval technique, 104, 105
Portocaval shunt (PCS), 148
Portocaval transposition (PCS), 148
mesocaval shunt in patient with, 152–154
Portography, 172
Posterior pelvic angle with interlocking screw-cement construct, 336,
337
Post-thoraco-aortic thrombectomy, 9
Post-Whipple procedure, 234
Potential pseudoaneurysm (PSA), 240
PowerwireRF, 116, 117
Precarious pulmonary nodule, percutaneous cryoablation of, 268–270
Pregnancy, coil embolization of large uterine artery aneurysm, 218,
219
Prematurely unsheathed fenestrated aortic arch stent graft, 20, 21
Progreat microcatheter, 234
Prophylactic liquid embolization of chronic transpleural biliary drain
tract, 234, 235
Proximal superior mesenteric artery graft, 207
Pseudoaneurysm of ascending aorta, 2
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM), 304–306
R
Radiofrequency ablation probe, 277
Radiofrequency-wire guided reconstruction, 228–230
Radio-opaque EVOH, 288
Recanalization of occluded right lower extremity stents, 36–39
Re-creation of disrupted AV graft venous anastomosis, 316
Recurrent chordoma, 258
Re-hepaticocoledocostomy, 193

358
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Index
Removal of dialysis access stents migrated to heart and pulmonary
artery, 312, 313
Renal artery pseudoaneurysm, 189
Renal parenchymal blowout using balloon-assisted coil embolization,
272–274
Rendezvous recanalization, of occluded hepatic artery stent via
percutaneous transhepatic access, 180–182
Renegade® STC microcatheter, 2
Retrieval of pulmonary glue embolus, 354–356
Retrograde glue embolization of retroperitoneal lymphatic leak,
350–352
Retrograde puncture of profunda femoris artery, for critical limb
ischemia, 44–47
Retrograde subtimal approaches, 66
Retro-orbital low ow lymphovenous malformation, 290–292
Revision hepatico-jejunostomy, 222
Right internal jugular approach, 160
Right internal mammary artery (RIMA), 250, 251
Right transfemoral artery approach, 70, 203, 304
Robotic cholecystectomy, 228–230
Roller coaster TIPS, 164–166
Rösch-Uchida transjugular liver access needle, 114
Rotational cone beam angiography, 75
Ruptured hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm, 188, 189
S
Safe-T-Centesis catheter, 268
Sclerotherapy, 292, 294
Self-expandable covered stents, 22
Self-expanding bare metal stent, 40, 41, 312
Sequential venoplasty, 104
Severe right upper extremity edema, 92
Sharp recanalization of chronic total venous occlusions, 86, 87
SOS catheter, 198
Splenic aneurysm, 122
Splenorenal shunt (SRS), 148
Sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), 354
STABILIZER™ Plus Guidewire, 66
Stent-assisted coil embolization, pancreatitis-related portal vein
aneurysm with, 146, 147
Stent-assisted technique, 210
Sub-centimeter cutaneous ulcerations, 252
Subcutaneous embedded kyphoplasty cannula extraction, 342, 343
Subtle arterio-biliary stula, EVOH embolization of, 240, 241
Supercial femoral artery (SFA), 60
Superior and inferior snare loops, 57
Superior mesenteric arteriography, 184
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA), 8, 9
Swallow-the-balloon technique, 104
Transabdominal lymphatic embolization, 354–356
Transampullary biliary catheter, 228, 230
Transarterial radioembolization with 90Y, 251
Transcatheter thrombolysis for acute massive portal and mesenteric
vein thrombosis, 176, 177
Transcaval endoleak repair complication, by Onyx leak into IVC and
heart, 12–14
Transcaval to mesenteric collateral shunt creation, 158, 159
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance, 312
Transfemoral occlusion, 108
Transfemoral transcaval guidance, 160, 161
Transhepatic lymphangiogram with complex central lymphatic leak
embolization, 346–349
Transhepatic portal venography, 144
Transhepatic portal venous access, 140
Transjugular approach, 134
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), 122–124, 126,
127, 156, 168
in situs inversus with transfemoral transcaval guidance, 160–162
Transjugular portal access, 162
Transjugular Rosch-Uchida access, 158
Transmesenteric lymphangiogram, 346
Transpleural right biliary drain, 234
Transradial cerebral angiography, 294
Type A aortic dissection (TAAD), 4, 6
Type II endoleak, 12
U
Ultrasonic thrombectomy and stent placement for life threatening
SVC Syndrome, 82–84
Unconventional endovascular salvage, 60
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), 100
V
Varicose veins, 130, 131
Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 188, 189
Vascular malformation, 286
VBX ePTFE stent-graft, 152
Venography, 2
Venoplasty, 112, 114
Venous anastomosis, 316, 317
Venous outow embolization, 296–299
Ventricular septal defect device, for post-ablation gallbladder wall
injury, 242–244
Viabahn stent, 58, 92, 94, 116
VIATORR TIPS endoprosthesis, 150, 168–170
Volume rendering technique (VRT), 20
W
T
Takayasu arteritis, 308, 309
Thoracic branch endoprosthesis, 4
Water-lily sign, 328
Wide-necked proximal celiac artery aneurysm, endovascular treatment
of, 214, 215
Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), 4, 5, 16
Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysmal, 22
3D Printing, 304–306
Thrombectomy, 44
Y
Yttrium-90 radiation segmentectomy, 250, 251
Thrombin injection, 198
Thrombosed left PV approach, 176
Through-and-through access, 141
Transabdominal aneurysm sac puncture, 26
Z
Zilver® stents, 138
Transabdominal approach, 26
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