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Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_3660_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана

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316 CAROTID TREATMENT: PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES
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Doppler Examination of Repair—Left Carotid Exposure
A Doppler probe examination of all three branches of the carotid tree veries adequacy of the surgical repair. The carotid artery has been completely closed, the clamps removed, and hemostasis achieved. Audible patency provides early reassurance until a neurologic examination is possible.
Common causes of failure to auscultate the Doppler signal include broken probes, weak batteries in the Doppler box, and inadequate moistness of the vessel being examined. In the rare instance in which these details are checked but still there is no Doppler signal, I do not hesitate to re-open the vessel for a brief exploration. If no Doppler signal is heard, the rst step is to ood the wound with saline, which usually solves the problem by improving the acoustical interface between vessel and probe.
Intra-operative angiography and ultrasound have been described for evaluating the technical adequacy of repair or eliminating the possibility of thrombosis. Fortunately, these complications are rare and I have not needed to adopt these techniques.
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318 CAROTID TREATMENT: PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES
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Completed Dry Repair without and with Hemashield Patch Graft
Four examples (A, B, C, D) of the completed dry suture line prior to closure of the carotid sheath are shown in some older cases. As previously mentioned, I do not close the carotid sheath when there is any evidence whatso­ever of bleeding from the arteriotomy site. Keep in mind that the arterial repair is typically evaluated in light of either normal or hypertensive blood pressure. If the patient is hypotensive, I ask the anesthesiologist to elevate blood pressure at least to baseline levels in order to thoroughly evaluate the repair.
Surgicel was not applied to the suture line in these cases, but I do like to line the arteriotomy with a long strip of Surgicel gauze in every case prior to closing the sheath. Likewise, I place a Hemovac, which is removed on the rst post-operative day, in the carotid sheath directly over the artery.
In (E), we illustrate an ideal result with a Hemashield roof patch graft repair. The clamps have been removed and the eld is dry. In (F), a similar roof patch is shown, but this was a re-operation case for recurrent stenosis, so the tissue planes surrounding the carotid sheath vessels are blurred and indistinct. Clearly with careful dis­section and meticulous technique a dry eld and a successful repair can be achieved. In (G), I show the use of a reinforcing band of Hemashield graft material to buttress an area of vessel thinning (see text for further details). In this particular case the plaque was heavily calcied, and after it was removed the residual wall was quite thin in parts. As I placed a single stitch to stop a small leak after de-clamping, the needle hole enlarged and contin­ued to ooze. In my experience, the placement of more sutures would have compounded rather than solved the problem. My solution, which we use occasionally in this type of situation, was to rst stop the oozing with direct pressure, which was effective, after which I placed an encircling band of patch material tied together at the top with two 6-0 Prolene-free sutures. This serves to reinforce the weak area and hopefully to guard against further leaks or aneurysm formation.
Illustration (H) shows the bloodless dry eld and the outstanding exposure of the carotid system that can be obtained with the clamp and sh-hook system. In our opinion, exposure and vision are essential to successful and uncomplicated carotid reconstruction.
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320 CAROTID TREATMENT: PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES
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