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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5189_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
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- •Preface
- •Contents
- •Contributors
- •Resolution
- •Axial Resolution
- •Lateral Resolution
- •Elevational Resolution
- •Temporal Resolution
- •The Resolution—Penetration Interplay
- •Sound Waves
- •Ultrasound
- •Pulsed Ultrasound
- •The Range Equation
- •Ultrasound Image Formation
- •Time Gain Compensation
- •M-Mode Imaging
- •The Doppler Principle
- •Doppler Imaging
- •Continuous Wave (CW) Doppler
- •Pulsed Wave (PW) Doppler
- •Color Flow (CF) Doppler
- •Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI)
- •Pulsed Wave TDI
- •Color TDI
- •Tissue Harmonics Imaging (THI)
- •Probe Selection
- •Curved Linear Array Transducers
- •Linear Array Transducers
- •Phased Array Transducers
- •Ultrasound Artifacts (See Chap. 3)
- •Space/Time Artifacts
- •Refraction
- •Mirror Image
- •Reverberation
- •Bayonet
- •Edge
- •Attenuation Artifacts
- •Shadowing
- •Enhancement
- •Doppler Artifacts
- •Aliasing
- •References
- •Probe Selection
- •Harmonic Imaging
- •Imaging Modes
- •Color Doppler
- •Spectral Doppler
- •Tissue Doppler
- •References
- •3: Ultrasound Artifacts
- •Reverberation Artifacts
- •Comet-Tail Artifact
- •Ring-Down Artifact
- •Mirror Image Artifacts
- •Shadowing Artifact
- •Enhancement Artifact
- •Side-Lobe Artifacts
- •Refraction Artifacts
- •References
- •References
- •Parasternal Long Axis (PLAX)
- •External Surface Anatomy
- •Sonographic Anatomy
- •Imaging Tips
- •External Surface Anatomy
- •Sonographic Anatomy
- •Imaging Tips
- •External Anatomy
- •Sonographic Anatomy
- •Imaging Tip
- •Parasternal Short Axis (PSAX)
- •External Anatomy
- •Sonographic Anatomy
- •Scanning Tips
- •Suprasternal/Supraclavicular View
- •External Anatomy
- •Sonographic Anatomy
- •Imaging Tips
- •6: Transthoracic M-Mode Echocardiography
- •Imaging Tips
- •Apical: A4C, A5C, A2C, A3C
- •Apical Four-Chamber View (A4C)
- •External Anatomy
- •Sonographic Anatomy
- •Scanning Tips
- •Apical Five-Chamber View (A5C)
- •External Anatomy
- •Sonographic Anatomy
- •Scanning Tips
- •Apical Two-Chamber View (A2C)
- •External Anatomy
- •Sonographic Anatomy
- •Scanning Tips
- •Apical Three-Chamber View (A3C)
- •External Anatomy
- •Sonographic Anatomy
- •Scanning Tips
- •Subcostal: SC4, SC Long Access, IVC
- •Subcostal Four-Chamber View (SC4)
- •External Anatomy
- •Sonographic Anatomy
- •Scanning Tips
- •Subcostal Long Axis IVC
- •External Anatomy
- •Sonographic Anatomy
- •M-Mode Echocardiography
- •Left Ventricular (LV) Function
- •Right Ventricular (RV) Systolic Function
- •Cardiac Valves
- •Pericardial Tamponade
- •Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Collapsibility
- •References
- •7: Transthoracic Doppler Echocardiography
- •General Approach
- •Spectral Broadening
- •Pulse Repetition Frequency
- •Pulmonary Venous Flow (Diastolic Function)
- •Hepatic Vein Flow
- •Pulse-Wave/CW Doppler (Aorta Flows)
- •References
- •8: Transesophageal Echocardiography: Insertion, Manipulation, Risks, Complications
- •Indications
- •Post Cardiac Surgery
- •Acute Cardiopulmonary Disease
- •Hypovolemia, Fluid Responsiveness
- •Endocarditis
- •Aortic Pathology
- •Insertion
- •Manipulation
- •References
- •2D Transesophageal Imaging
- •References
- •Ultrasound Assumptions
- •Reverberation Artifact
- •Side-Lobe Artifact
- •Intravascular Devices
- •3D Ultrasound
- •Stitch Artifact
- •Right Atrium: Crista Terminalis, Eustachian Valve, Chiari Network
- •Right Ventricle-Moderator Band
- •Left Ventricle: Fibroelastoma Versus Lambl’s Excrescence
- •References
- •11: LV Systolic Function
- •Structural Anatomy
- •Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
- •LV Function: Linear Measurements
- •EPSS Method
- •Caution
- •LV Function: Ejection Fraction
- •EF (Simpson’s Biplane) Method
- •Cautions
- •LV Function: Cardiac Output
- •Regional Wall Motion Abnormalities
- •Methods
- •Strain
- •Strain Methods
- •Cautions
- •References
- •Ultrasonic Enhancement Agents (UEAs)
- •M-Mode
- •Mitral Annular Plane Systolic Excursion
- •dP/dt
- •Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI)
- •Systolic Mitral Annular Velocity (s′)
- •References
- •13: The Right Ventricle
- •The Right Ventricle
- •Right Ventricular-Focused View
- •Semi-Quantitative Right Ventricular Assessment
- •Interventricular Septum
- •Right Ventricular Dimensions
- •Right Ventricular Wall Thickness
- •Right Ventricular Area/Volume
- •Regional Systolic Functional Assessment
- •TAPSE (Tricuspid Annulus Plane Systolic Excursion)
- •Tricuspid Annular Systolic Velocity (Right Ventricular S′)
- •Global Systolic Functional Assessment
- •Right Ventricular Fractional Area Change
- •Right-Sided Hemodynamics
- •Right Ventricular-Pulmonary Artery Coupling
- •Right Ventricular Diastolic Function
- •Right Ventricular Strain
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •Left Atrium
- •Technical Considerations
- •Left Atrial Function
- •Atrial Septum
- •Right Atrium
- •References
- •15: Left Ventricular Diastolic Function
- •Introduction
- •Diastole
- •Isovolumic Relaxation
- •Early Diastolic Filling
- •Diastasis
- •Late Diastolic Filling
- •Diastolic Function Assessment
- •Normal Pattern (Grade 0)
- •LV Relaxation Abnormality Pattern (Grade 1)
- •Pseudonormalization Pattern (Grade 2)
- •Restrictive Pattern (Grade 3)
- •Mitral Annular Motion Velocity
- •Left Atrial Volume Index (LAVI)
- •Tricuspid Regurgitation (TR) Jet Peak Velocity
- •Pulmonary Vein Flow
- •ASE Recommendation 2009
- •ASE Recommendation 2016
- •References
- •16: Cardiomyopathies
- •Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- •Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- •Restrictive Cardiomyopathies
- •Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia (ARVC/D)
- •Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy
- •Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
- •Neurogenic Stress Cardiomyopathy
- •Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy
- •Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy
- •Septic Cardiomyopathy
- •References
- •17: Aortic Stenosis
- •Introduction
- •Anatomic Evaluation
- •Hemodynamic Evaluation
- •References
- •Aortic Regurgitation
- •Doppler Findings
- •Vena Contracta (VC)
- •Jet Width/Area
- •Proximal Flow Convergence
- •Pressure Half-Time (PHT)
- •Pulmonary Regurgitation
- •Color Flow Doppler Findings: Jet Width, Jet Area, Jet Length, Vena Contracta
- •References
- •Mitral Stenosis
- •Etiologies
- •Planimetry
- •Continuity Equation
- •Pressure Half-Time
- •Deceleration Time
- •Mean Pressure Gradient
- •Tricuspid Stenosis
- •Etiology
- •Planimetry
- •Continuity Equation
- •Pressure Gradients
- •Pressure Half-Time
- •Consequences
- •References
- •Causes
- •Primary Causes
- •Secondary Causes
- •Jet Area
- •Vena Contracta
- •Jet Density
- •Pressure Half-Time
- •References
- •The Bernoulli Equation
- •Intracardiac Pressures
- •Left Atrial Pressure
- •Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Pressure
- •Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure
- •Case
- •References
- •22: Prosthetic Valves
- •General Imaging Principles
- •2D Imaging
- •3D Imaging
- •Doppler Evaluation
- •Case 1
- •2D Evaluation
- •Doppler Evaluation
- •Prosthetic Aortic Valve Dysfunction: Stenosis
- •Case 2
- •Prosthetic Aortic Valve Dysfunction: Regurgitation
- •Case 3
- •Case 4
- •Prosthetic Mitral Valve Dysfunction: Stenosis
- •Case 5
- •Prosthetic Mitral Valve Dysfunction: Regurgitation
- •Case 6
- •Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis
- •Case 7
- •Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis
- •Mechanical Valve Thrombosis
- •Case 8
- •Bioprosthetic Valve Thrombosis
- •Case 9
- •References
- •23: Infective Endocarditis
- •Introduction
- •Diagnosis
- •Echocardiographic Assessment
- •Left-Sided Endocarditis
- •Right-Sided Endocarditis
- •Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis
- •References
- •24: Cardiac Tamponade
- •Clinical Criteria
- •Cardiac Chamber Collapse
- •Inferior Vena Cava Plethora
- •Spectral Doppler Flow Variation
- •References
- •25: Ultrasound-Guided Pericardiocentesis
- •Background
- •Transthoracic Echocardiogram
- •Inferior Vena Cava Plethora
- •Right Heart Chamber Systolic/Diastolic Collapse
- •Doppler Flow Velocity Changes
- •Complications
- •References
- •Pathophysiology
- •Echocardiographic Diagnosis
- •Evolving Evidence
- •Two-Dimensional Evaluation
- •Septal Motion
- •Other 2D Findings
- •Doppler Evaluation
- •Hepatic Vein Pulse-Wave Doppler
- •References
- •Introduction
- •Normal Anatomical Variants
- •Right Atrium
- •Crista Terminalis
- •Eustachian Valve
- •Thebesian Valve
- •Chiari Network
- •Coronary Sinus
- •Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava (PLSVC)
- •Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)
- •Atrial Septal Aneurysm
- •Left Atrium
- •Left Atrial Appendage
- •Atrial Suture Line After Cardiac Transplant
- •Right Ventricle
- •Moderator Band
- •Left Ventricle
- •False Tendons
- •Extracardiac Spaces
- •Pericardial Space
- •Sinuses
- •Exogenous Devices
- •Benign Masses
- •Myxoma
- •Fibroelastomas
- •Lambl’s Excrescences
- •Reverberations
- •Mirror Image
- •Side Lobe
- •Acoustic Shadowing
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •28: Left Ventricular Thrombus Part 1
- •Introduction
- •Etiology
- •Diagnosis
- •Echocardiography Technique
- •Contrast-Enhanced Echocardiography
- •Clinical Implications
- •References
- •29: Left Ventricular Thrombus Part 2
- •LV Thrombus Recognition: Sonographic Features
- •References
- •30: Left Atrial Thrombus
- •Etiology
- •Diagnosis
- •Clinical Implications
- •References
- •31: Right-Sided Thrombus
- •Introduction
- •Etiology
- •Diagnosis
- •Clinical Implications
- •Evolving Evidence
- •References
- •Introduction
- •Aortic Dissection
- •Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
- •Aortic Thrombus
- •Image Acquisition
- •Pitfalls
- •References
- •33: Adult Congenital Heart Disease
- •Problems Causing Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow
- •Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
- •Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)/Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) (Unrepaired/Repaired)
- •Problems Causing Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow
- •Ebstein’s Malformation (Unrepaired)
- •Bicuspid Aortic Valve
- •Summary
- •References
- •Further Reading
- •Scanning Technique
- •Transudative Versus Exudative Fluid
- •Malignant Fluid
- •Empyema
- •References
- •Introduction
- •Background
- •Technique
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •36: Pulmonary Edema
- •Cardiogenic Vs. Noncardiogenic
- •Lung Zones/Locations
- •References
- •References
- •38: Diaphragm
- •Introduction
- •Measurement
- •Caveats
- •Diaphragm Thickening
- •Measurement
- •Caveats
- •Diaphragm Excursion
- •Measurement
- •Caveats
- •Measurement
- •Caveats
- •References
- •Introduction
- •Thoracentesis Technique
- •Tube Thoracostomy Technique
- •Manometry
- •Procedural Complications
- •Subpleural Mass Biopsy
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •40: Ultrasound During Intubation
- •Evidence
- •Limitations
- •References
- •41: Transcutaneous Laryngeal Ultrasonography: Vocal Fold Ultrasound
- •Introduction
- •Vocal Fold Motion Abnormalities
- •Paradoxical Vocal Cord Motion Disorder
- •References
- •Concept
- •Indications
- •Limitations
- •Views
- •The Hepatorenal Recess (Morrison’s Pouch)
- •The Splenorenal Recess
- •The Pericardial Space
- •The Pelvis
- •Pathologic Findings
- •References
- •Indications
- •Limitations
- •Bladder Ultrasound
- •Bladder Volume
- •Urinary Catheters
- •Hydronephrosis
- •Pitfalls
- •Renal Blood Flow
- •References
- •Stomach
- •Liver
- •Biliary System
- •Diagnostic Applications
- •Stomach
- •Liver
- •Biliary System
- •Paracentesis
- •Technique
- •Blakemore/Minnesota Tubes
- •Gastrostomy Tube
- •References

Contents
xi
65 Near-Peer Education in Point-of- Care Ultrasound . . . . . . . . . . . 703
Deepak Pradhan and Jordan Talan
66 Utilization of Echocardiographic Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711
James N. Kirkpatrick
67 Utilization of Human Models, Patients, and Simulators . . . . . . . 717
Valeria Santibanez and Paru Patrawalla
68 Features of Successful Teaching Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725
Renee Dversdal and Paul Musgrave
69 Training for the Critical Care Echocardiography
Board Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731
Andrew T. Levinson
Part VI Practical Aspects of Clinical Ultrasound and
Echocardiography
70 Competence and Quality Assurance: How an Institution
Can Assess Ongoing Competence of an Individual
Practitioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739
Stanley Abraham, Drew Brotherston, and Paul H. Mayo
71 Accreditation, Credentialing, and Privileging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743
Gregory A. Schmidt and James Leatherman
72 Image Storage and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749
Keith Boniface and Aaran Drake
Index � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 755

Contributors
EnyoAblordeppey Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of
Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Stanley Abraham Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell,
Hempstead, NY, USA
TahirAhmad Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Monteore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY,
USA
Taha Ahmed University of Kentucky, Gill Heart and Vascular Institute,
Lexington, KY, USA
GilAllen Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine,
University of Vermont Medical Center and Larner College of Medicine,
Burlington, VT, USA
Chris Allison Umass Chan Medical School—Baystate, Springeld, MA,
USA
MaryEllen Antkowiak Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care,
Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center and Larner
College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
Amit Arbune University of Kentucky, Gill Heart and Vascular Institute,
Lexington, KY, USA
Gloria A� Ayuba Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, UT
Southwestern, Dallas, USA
SarahBain Virginia Mason Franciscan Health, Seattle, WA, USA
CristianaBaloescu Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University
School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
ChristopherF�Barnett Division of Cardiology and Critical Care Cardiology
Section, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco
School of Medicine, CA, USA
Marcus Behrens Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
xiii

xiv
CourtneyBennett Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester,
MN, USA
Ariel Bensimhon Department of Anesthesiology, University of Vermont,
University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
KeithBoniface Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington
University, Washington, DC, USA
TaraBrakke, MD Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska
Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
Stephen Brannan, MD Department of Anesthesiology, University of
Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
Contributors
Valeria Santibanez, MD
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Medicine and
Allergy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
DrewBrotherston Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto,
ON, Canada
Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto,
Toronto, ON, Canada
Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
HallieBrown Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
BeckyBurk Renown Health, Reno, NV, USA
MarkCaridi-Scheible Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
Rachel Carlson Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
University of Vermont Medical Center, UVM Larner College of Medicine,
Burlington, VT, USA
StephanieCha Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Jen-TingChen Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Monteore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY,
USA
Jose L� Diaz-Gomez Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Heart Institute at Baylor St.
Luke’s Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
Aaran Drake Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington
University, Washington, DC, USA
YouyouDuanmu Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
Siddharth Dugar Department of Critical Care, Cleveland Clinic Lerner
College of Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH,
USA
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Integrated Healthcare Institute (IHI),
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA

Contributors
xv
ReneeDversdal Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine,
Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
Kristin Dwyer Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of
Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
KarimEl-Kersh Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine,
Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine,
Phoenix, AZ, USA
Babar Fiza Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of
Anesthesiology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Saul Flores, MD, FACC, FCCM Adult Congenital Heart Disease ICU,
Division of Critical Care Medicine in the Department of Pediatrics, Baylor
College of Medicine at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
Andrew Foderaro Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University,
Providence, RI, USA
Eli V� Gelfand Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical
Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
DanielGerber Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Shivani Ghoshal Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New
York, NY, USA
AlbertoGof Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,
Canada
Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto,
Toronto, ON, Canada
Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto,
Toronto, ON, Canada
Department of Critical Care Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health
Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Ewan Goligher Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University Health
Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
Matthew J� Griffee Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative
Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
Pranjal Gupta Critical Care Fellow, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Mark Hamlin Department of Anesthesiology, University of Vermont,
University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA

xvi
Korbin Haycock Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Loma Linda
University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
Department of Emergency Medicine, Riverside University Health System
Medical Center, Moreno Valley, CA, USA
Department of Emergency Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center,
Loma Linda, CA, USA
Department of Emergency Medicine, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm
Springs, CA, USA
Kathryn Hendrickson Pulmonary and Critical Care, The Oregon Clinic,
Portland, OR, USA
Megan H�Hicks Wake Forest University School of Medicine, WinstonSalem, NC, USA
EllieHirshberg Intermountain, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
Christopher W� Hoeger Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess
Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Robert Jackson Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
BilalAtharJalil Divisions of Cardiovascular Critical Care and Advanced
Heart Failure, Heart and Vascular Institute, West Virginia University,
Morgantown, WV, USA
Contributors
JanKasal Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
ChristopherKelly University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
SameerKhanijo Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/
Northwell, New York, NY, USA
Mina Khorashadi Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care,
University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
JamesN� Kirkpatrick Division of Cardiology, University of Washington
School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
John C� Klick Department of Anesthesiology, University of Vermont
Medical Center, UVM Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
ChristopherKoo Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
JamesKorneld OHSU Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine,
Portland, OR, USA
Danie Leahy Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
James Leatherman Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Hennepin
County Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

Contributors
xvii
Akiva Leibowitz Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain
Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,
Boston, MA, USA
NicholasA�Leverone Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine
and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
NicholasLevin Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Andrew T� Levinson Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep
Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence,
RI, USA
FloraLi
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Erin J� Liang Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaiser Permanente
SanDiego, San Diego, CA, USA
Daniel A� Lichtenstein Medical intensivist, Ambroise-Paré hospital,
Paris-West university, France
VivetaLobo Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
Donald R�Maberry Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of
Anesthesiology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
NinaMassad Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York,
NY, USA
John L� Maurer Department of Critical Care, University of Minnesota
Physicians, Minneapolis, MN, USA
PaulH�Mayo Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead,
NY, USA
Kimberly McPhearson Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo
Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
TaroMinami Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine,
Care New England, Providence, RI, USA
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of
Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University,
Providence, RI, USA
PaulK�Mohabir Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA,
USA
Amira Mohamed Critical Care Medicine Fellowship Program, Albert
Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
Division of Critical Care Medicine, Monteore Medical Center, Bronx, NY,
USA
FerozMohammed Intensive Care and Anaesthesia, Northampton, UK

xviii
XavierMonnet AP-HP, Service de médecine intensive-réanimation, Hôpital
de Bicêtre, DMU 4 CORREVE, Inserm UMR S_999, FHU SEPSIS,
CARMAS, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
Idunn Morris Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University Health
Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia
AaronMurphy-Crews Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of
Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO,
USA
Contributors
PaulMusgrave
Legacy Inpatient Medical Service, Legacy Health, Portland,
OR, USA
MangalaNarasimhan Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at
Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY, USA
LindaNguyen PeaceHealth St. Joseph Medical Center, Bellingham, WA,
USA
Bellingham Anesthesia Associates, Bellingham, WA, USA
SaraNikravan University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
BelalNoureddine Internal Medicine Group, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL,
USA
Connor O’Brien Division of Cardiology and Critical Care Cardiology
Section, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco
School of Medicine, CA, USA
MichaelO’Neil Main Line Emergency Medicine Associates, West Chester,
PA, USA
BrooksOhlson Virginia Mason Franciscan Health, Seattle, WA, USA
AchikamOren-Grinberg Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain
Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,
Boston, MA, USA
Nova Panebianco Department of Emergency Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
ParuPatrawalla, MD Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (Mount Sinai West/Morningside/
Beth Israel), New York, NY, USA
Deepak Pradhan New York University Grossman School of Medicine,
NewYork, NY, USA
Matthew E� Prekker Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary,
Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center,
Minneapolis, MN, USA

Contributors
xix
FaisalS�Qadir Summa Health Medical Group, Akron, OH, USA
Nida Qadir Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David
Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Imrana Qawi Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Division,
Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Mark M� Ramzy Multidisciplinary Critical Care Training Program,
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
LisaRapoport Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kaiser Permanente
Santa Clara, Santa Clara, CA, USA
Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine,
Santa Clara, CA, USA
Vera Rigolin
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,
Chicago, IL, USA
Department of Medicine, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
MahaSalama Cardiothoracic ICU Lenox Hill Hospital NYC, Emergency
Medicine Jacobi Medical Center/North Central Bronx, Bronx, NY, USA
AartiSarwal Division of Neurocritical Care Chief, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmon, VA, USA
RyotaSato The Queen’s Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
John A.Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i Manoa, Honolulu,
HI, USA
MonicaSaxena Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford School of
Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
GregoryA� Schmidt Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and
Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
ChristopherK�Schott Critical Care Medicine and Emergency Medicine,
VA Pittsburgh Healthcare Sciences and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
PA, USA
Mourad H�Senussi Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, TX, USA
ZiadS� Shaman Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical
Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
ChristopherShaw OHSU Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine,
Portland, OR, USA
ManenderKumarSingla Fortis Hospital, Ludhiana, India
MeghanSnuckel Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine,
The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

xx
JacquelineSohn Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine,
Texas Heart Institute at Baylor St. Luke’s Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
VincentL�Sorrell University of Kentucky, Gill Heart and Vascular Institute,
Lexington, KY, USA
ErikSu, MD, FAAP, FASE Adult Congenital Heart Disease ICU, Division
of Critical Care Medicine in the Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of
Medicine at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
DavidN� Suwondo Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University
School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
DanielA�Sweeney Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine
and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Jordan Talan New York University Grossman School of Medicine,
NewYork, NY, USA
ToniaTimperleyTauh Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine,
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Megan Trieu Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical
Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla,
CA, USA
Contributors
JoelTurner Department of Emergency Medicine, Jewish General Hospital,
McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
Saraschandra Vallabhajosyula Cardiology Division, Warren Alpert
Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
Carla Venegas Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic,
Jacksonville, FL, USA
Chakra Venkata Saint Louis University/Mercy Hospital St. Louis,
St. Louis, MO, USA
DanielWalsh Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Kathleen M� Waybill Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep
Division, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Brandon M� Wiley Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
JonathanN�Wilkinson Intensive Care and Anaesthesia, Northampton, UK

Part I
Ultrasound Basics
Соседние файлы в папке Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана
