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Glossary
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abduction Moving away from
the midline, such as in abduction of the vocal folds.
ablative procedures Surgical
techniques that remove, eradicate, or separate tissue.
acetylcholine Neurotransmitter
at several sites in the nervous
system, including at the neuromuscular junction and in the
basal ganglia.
action tremor Tremor that is pres-
ent only when an affected body
part is being moved actively, such
as when an arm and hand are
outstretched. When the body part
is at rest, the tremor is absent or
greatly reduced in intensity.
adduction Moving toward the
midline, such as in the adduction of the vocal folds.
afferent neurons Neurons that
convey neural impulses from
the periphery to the central
nervous system.
akinesia Delay in the initia-
tion of movements; one of the
most common characteristics of
parkinsonism.
alternating motion rate (AMR)
Ra pid repetition of a single
movement; usually obtained by
timing patients as they repeat
a syllable, such as “puh, puh,
puh,” as quickly, evenly, and
clearly as possible.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS) Degenerative neuro-
logic disease that ultimately
affects upper and lower motor
neurons; cognition remains
intact as the disease progresses.
anatomy Study of the parts of
the body and how the parts are
related in structure.
aneurysm “Ballooning” of a
blood vessel at a point of weakness; aneurysms are subject to
rupture.
anoxia A lack of oxygen to tissue.
anterior In the front or forward
part.
aphasia Acquired language de-
cit that affects verbal production, auditory comprehension,
reading, and writing.
aphonia Loss or absence of voice.
apraxia Decit in the ability to
sequence the correct movements needed to carry out a
familiar action.
apraxia, ideational Inability
to use an object or gesture
because the individual has lost
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