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in total knee arthroplasty. In Total knee arthroplasty: Medical and biomedical engineering and
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159. Sosa, D., Carola, N., Patel, V., Levitt, S., & Tokgöz, E. (2023). Perioperative patient care for
total knee arthroplasty. In Total knee arthroplasty: Medical and biomedical engineering and
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(1)
(2)
©The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG2023
E. Tokgöz, M. A. Carro, Cosmetic and Reconstructive Facial Plastic Surgery
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31168-0_3
Aesthetic Surgery of the Nose and Lower
Face
MarinaA.Carro
1
and EmreTokgöz
2
The Frank H. Netter M.D. School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University,
North Haven, CT, USA
Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,
MD, USA
MarinaA.Carro
Email: Marina.Carro@quinnipiac.edu
Keywords Anatomical review of nasal structure and anomalies –
Indications for surgical rhinoplasty and techniques – Assessment of nasal
aesthetics – Surgical cosmetic chin augmentation – Aesthetic surgeries of
the midfacial and lower facial compartments – Aesthetic surgical
rhytidectomy (facelift) techniques and indications – Genioplasty techniques
and advancements – Complications of lower facial aesthetic surgery
Marina A. Carro is a second-year medical student at the Frank H. Netter
School of Medicine (Quinnipiac University). Prior to medical school, she
worked as a project manager at Clínica Esperanza Hope Clinic in
Providence, Rhode Island, where she organized and managed a satellite
COVID-19 vaccination clinic for underserved populations in the area.
Additionally, she has worked as a certified nursing assistant for 3years in
the emergency department and intensive care unit at South County Hospital
in Kingston, Rhode Island. Currently, she is on the board for the Frank H.
Netter Wellness Committee, ENT Surgical Interest Group, and American
Medical Student Association at Netter. She hopes to continue exploring her
interests in clinical procedural research, healthcare business and
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administration, and provide equitable healthcare for marginalized patients
throughout the rest of her career.
Emre Tokgöz completed two Ph.D. degrees, one in Mathematics and
another one in Industrial Engineering, at the University of Oklahoma along
with a master’s degree in Computer Science and two master’s degrees in
Mathematics. Due to his interest in biomedical engineering applications of
mathematics and engineering, he pursued an online biomedical engineering
master’s degree for professionals at Johns Hopkins University. His other
research interests include nonlinear optimization, game theory,
deep/machine learning, financial engineering, facility allocation problems,
vehicle routing problems, systems’ design and improvement, network
theory and analysis, inventory systems, and Riemannian geometry.
1 Introduction
As previously discussed in chapter “Non-surgical Facial Aesthetic
Procedures”, aging and preexisting facial deformities lend to unaesthetic
changes to the osseocartilaginous facial framework and overlying soft
tissues. When nonsurgical modalities such as injectable fillers are not
sufficient in reducing lower and midfacial deformity, or if more permanent
skin lifting effects are desired, these patients may be indicated for surgical
augmentation. Nasal deformity, mandibular hypoplasia, and the
development of jowls or platysmal contraction are common indications for
surgical intervention. Advancements in the field of plastic surgery have led
to the development of precise, minimally invasive techniques, such as
Piezotome dorsal reduction (rhinoplasty) and growth-stimulating
mandibular implants (genioplasty). The most performed aesthetic surgeries
of the nose lower face are discussed in this chapter, which include surgical
rhinoplasty, chin implants, osseous genioplasty, and facelift surgery
(rhytidectomy). In addition, we cover the initial patient assessment to
include aesthetic and medical considerations, perioperative care, and
relevant anatomical structures in each upper facial component. The
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