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Page numbers followed by “b”, “f ” and “t” indicate boxes, figures and tables respectively.
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INDEX
A
Access site occlusion, 109, 110f
Activated clotting time (ACT), 115
Acute kidney injury (AKI), 113
Aegis, 256–257
Air embolism, 227
transseptal puncture, 66
Alcohol septal ablation (ASA)
AHA guidelines, 249–251
arrhythmias postprocedure risks,
253–254
chocardiographic guidance for,
252f
complications, 253
coronary anatomy, 249–250, 250f
indications, 249
invasive hemodynamic assessment,
250–251, 250f
monitoring, 253
outcomes, 254
patient selection, 249
technique, 251–252, 252f, 253f
temporary pacemaker insertion,
251
American College of Cardiology
(ACC), 2
American College of Cardiology/
American Heart Association
(ACC/AHA), 190, 257
Amplatz duct occluder I, 310–311
Amplatz duct occluder II™, 311–312
Amplatzer Cardiac Plug (ACP), 256
Amplatzer Cribriform Occluder, 225,
227
Amplatzer Septal Occluder (ASO),
225, 230f
Amplatzer Vascular Plug (AVP), 168,
169f, 192, 327, 328–329f
sequential deployment of, 197f
Amplatz Vascular plug II™ (AVPII),
311–312
Amplatzer Vascular Plug 3 (AVP-3),
140–141, 141f
Anchor wire technique, 141–142,
196–197, 197f, 205f
Angiography, 249–250
Annular rupture, 110
Antegrade transseptal approach,
193–200, 195t, 203f
anchor wire technique, 196–197, 197f
arteriovenous rail, 198–199, 198f
double-wire technique, 196, 196f
scarred/fibrotic septal tissue, 193–194
transapical puncture, 199–200, 199f
transseptal access, 193–194
Anticoagulation, 97
Aortic angiography, 91, 303f
Aortic annulus
assessment and sizing of, 85
computed tomography (CT) sizing
of, 74, 75f
Aortic annulus (Continued)
3D transesophageal echocardiography
(3D TEE) with multiplanar
reconstruction for, 23–24, 24f
transthoracic echocardiography
(TTE) sizing of, 74, 75f
Aortic leaflet, 85
Aortic paravalvular leak (PVL)
closure
AHA guidelines, 138
cardiac computed tomography
(CCT), 138–139
clinical impact, 138
closure device, 140–141
efficacy of, 145–146
intraprocedural imaging, 140
leak crossing, 140
preprocedural imaging, 138–139
safety of, 145
techniques, 141–143, 142f
in patients with transcatheter
valves, 143–145, 143f
vascular access, 140
Aortic pseudoaneurysms, 348–351
Aortic regurgitation (AR), 28–29,
112
Aortic root, 85
Aortic stenosis (AS), 72, 81
balloon aortic valvuloplasty
calcific degenerative, 72–73
congenital, 72–73
congenital bicuspid aortic valve, 72,
73f
invasive valvular stress testing, 54,
55f
pressure tracing, 51, 53f
transcatheter aortic valve replacement
(TAVR), 81
Aortic transcatheter heart valves
(THV), 209
Arterio-arterial (A-A) rail technique,
142–143
Arteriovenous rail system, 198–199,
198f
ASA. See Alcohol septal ablation
(ASA)
ASD. See Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Aspirin, 364
Atrial fibrillation (AF), 256
ablative techniques, 267
hemodynamic approach to dyspnea
after, 48f
Atrial septal defect (ASD), 171
closure of secundum, 228–229f
complications, 227–228
devices, 225, 226f, 226t
follow-up, 228
guidelines, 224
indications, 224
preprocedural imaging, 225
Atrial septal defect (ASD) (Continued)
procedural aspects, 226–227
procedural imaging, 226
procedural steps, 228
surgical approach, 225f
Atrial septostomy, 215–216, 215f
complications, 234
devices, 234
indications, 234
procedural aspects, 234, 235f
procedural imaging, 234
Atrioventricular (AV) block, 253
B
Balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV),
91–92, 133
bail-out strategy, 74–76
balloon sizing, 74, 75f
calcific degenerative aortic stenosis,
73
congenital aortic stenosis,
72–73
consent, 74–76
contraindications, 73–74
heart block, risk of, 80
indications, 72
procedural risks, 74
procedural steps, 76–78, 77f
temporary pacemaker
insertion, 76
valvuloplasty balloon
choice of, 78–80
insertion of, 78, 78f, 79f
vascular access, 76
Balloon dilatation, 274f
Balloon dilation, 144
Balloon-expandable valves, 144
Balloon wedge catheter, 44, 239
Baylis ProTrak, 260
Bioprosthesis failure, 130
Bioprosthetic surgical valves, 130–131,
132f
Bioprosthetic valve (BPV), 280
Bioprosthetic valve fracture (BVF),
132
Biplane fluoroscopy, 192–193,
194f
Blood pressure (BP), 93
Building-blocks approach
modular training using, 2–3, 4f,
6–10
structured training schemes using,
6–10
C
Cardiac computed tomography (CT),
211
Cardiac output
Fick method, 45
thermodilution method, 45
Cardiac perforation, 110–112
383
384 INDEX
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Cardiac tamponade
hemodynamic tracings in, 48–49,
51f
transseptal puncture (TSP), 66
Cardioband, 293–294
Catheter-only technique, 141
Cerebral embolization, 112
Chamber perforation, 288
Chordal entrapment, 170
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary
hypertension (CTEPH), 361
clinical presentation, 361
complications, 371–372, 371t
diagnosis and testing, 361–362
outcomes, 372
patient selection, 363
postoperative care, 371
procedural planning, 363–364
procedural steps, 365–370, 367f,
368f, 369f
pulmonary angiography, 362–363
step-by-step planning, 364, 366f
Clopidogrel, 364
Closure technique, 13–19
Coarctation
AHA guidelines, 300
clinical presentation, 298
complications, 305–307
imaging assessment, 298–300, 299f
interventional techniques, 301, 302f
procedural steps, 302–305, 303f,
304f
transcatheter intervention, 301,
301f
Coil and occluder devices, 325
Computed tomography (CT)
cardiac, 211
coarctation, 298–300, 299f
coronary artery fistulae, 324, 324f
pseudoaneurysms, 344, 345f
in tricuspid valve-in-valve (TVIV ),
280–281
Computed tomography angiography
(CTA), 97–98, 85, 98, 361
mitral valve-in-valve/valve-in-ring,
178–179, 181f
of pulmonary vein stenosis, 267–268,
268f
in paravalvular leak (PVL),
191–192
Conduction abnormalities, 112
Conventional retrograde x-ray
technique, 241f
CoreValve implantation, 144, 144f
Coronary angiography, 83, 249–250,
250f
Coronary artery fistulae, 320
AHA guidelines, 323
Amplatzer Vascular Plugs, 327,
328–329f
architecture of, 320
choice of delivery sheath, 327
clinical assessment, 321–323
coil embolization, 327–330, 329f,
330f, 331f
complications, 321, 331
outcomes, 331
procedural approaches and
equipment, 325
Coronary artery fistulae (Continued)
procedural planning, 323–325
procedural steps, 325–326, 326f,
330
Coronary artery pseudoaneurysms,
352
Coronary obstruction, 112, 134–135
CTEPH. See Chronic thromboembolic
pulmonary hypertension
(CTEPH)
D
Degenerative mitral valve disease,
160–161, 161f, 166f
9F Dexterity steerable introducer,
218f
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs),
269
Disopyramide, 247
Double-balloon technique, 156–157,
156f, 157f
Double-orifice repair, 172
Double-wire deployment technique,
196, 196f
Drug eluting stent (DES), 272
E
Edge-to-edge plication therapy
devices, 291–293
Edwards Sapien balloon-expandable
heart valve system
access, 90
routes, computed tomography
(CT) assessment of, 89
site closure, 93–94
aortic angiography, 91
balloon aortic valvuloplasty, 91–92
eSheath insertion, 91
initial procedural steps, 90f, 91
patient selection, 88–89
procedure, 90
valve, 88
insertion, positioning, and
deployment, 92–93
sizing, 89, 90t
EndoJaw biopsy forceps, 376
European Society of Cardiology
(ESC), 257
EVEREST II (Endovascular Valve
Edge-to-Edge Repair of Mitral
Regurgitation Study), 160–162
F
Femoral angiography, 16–18, 18f
Femoral artery, 14–15, 15f
needle entry site using fluoroscopy,
15–16, 18f
percutaneous closure, 18, 19f
ultrasound guidance technique,
14–15, 15f, 16f, 17f
Femoral venous access, 12
Fick method, cardiac output, 45
Fick principle, 45, 46–47
Flipper® detachable coil, 310
Fluoroscopy
femoral head identification, 14, 14f
of mitral valve-in-valve, 177–178,
178f
Fluoroscopy-guided transseptal
puncture (TSP), 62, 63f
Food and Drug Administration
(FDA), 192
Forma device, 291
Fossa ovalis (FO), 61
transseptal catheterization, 62
Four-dimensional computed
tomography (4DCT), 130
Fusion imaging, transseptal puncture
(TSP), 65
G
Gore Cardioform device, 225, 227, 229f
Gore-Tex patch, 62
Gorlin valve area, 50, 51
Graft pseudoaneurysms, 352
H
Hakki equation, 50
Hemodynamics, 10, 10f
high-fidelity micromanometer
pressure measurement, 44–45
intracardiac pressures, 46–47
left heart catheterization, 44
of mitral valve-in-valve for severe
regurgitation, 178–179, 179f
phlebostatic axis, setting zero value
at, 43–44
pressure gradients, 50–54
right heart catheter, 44
shunt calculation, 46–47
valve areas, 50–54
volumetric flow, 45
Hemoglobin (Hb), 45
Hemolytic anemia, 190
Heparin, 330
High-fidelity micromanometer catheter,
pressure measurement, 44–45
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
(HCM), 247
Hypotension, 108
I
Iatrogenic atrial septal defect, transseptal
puncture (TSP), 66, 68f
Iatrogenic ventricular septal defect
(VSD), 238
Iliac dissection, 108, 109f
Iliac perforation, 108–109, 109f
Iliofemoral dissection, 20
Inoue balloon
components, 151, 152f
crossing mitral annulus with, 154,
154f
inflation, 152, 153t, 154, 155f
left atrium, 152, 153f
percutaneous balloon mitral
valvuloplasty with, 151–156,
155f
reverse loop technique, 154–155,
155f
sizing, 152, 153t
venous-arterial rail, 156
Inoue wire, 184f, 203f, 218f
Interdisciplinary learning, 6
Internal jugular (IJ) access, 327
Intervalvular leak or regurgitation,
287–288
INDEX 385
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Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE),
63–64, 64f, 232
Intracardiac echo imaging, 286f, 287f
Intracardiac masses (ICMs)
access sizing, 377
AHA guidelines, 374
applications, 381
biopsy equipment, 375–376
bioptome delivery
left-sided masses, 377–378
right-sided masses, 377
clinical considerations, 375
complications, 381
histopathologic diagnosis, 374
imaging modalities, 374
mass visualization, 377
pathologies, 374
patient selection, 375
planning, 375–378
technique, 375, 378–381
biopsy, 380
sample analysis, 381
sheath insertion and
positioning, 378–380
Intracardiac pressures
left atrium (LA) waveforms, 48–49
left heart “filling” pressures, 47–48,
47f, 48f
pulmonary vascular disease, 49
right atrial (RA) pressure, 50
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), 270
Investigational Device Exemption
(IDE) trial, 256
J
Juxtaductal coarctation, 298, 300f
J-wire, 116
K
Kansas City Cardiopathy
Questionnaire (KCCQ), 291
L
Lariat, 256–257
Left anterior descending (LAD),
249–250
Left anterior oblique (LAO), 76
Left atrial appendage occlusion
(LAAO)
AHA recommendations, 257
devices, 256–257, 257f
epicardial approaches for, 256–257
patient selection, 257–258
postdeployment device size and
position, 33, 33f
preprocedural planning, 258, 258f
preprocedure assessment, 31–32,
34f, 36f
procedure, 259–260, 259f, 261f
complications, 262–264, 264f
follow-up, 265
guidance, 32–33
steps, 262, 262f, 263f, 264f
Left atrial pressure, 47–49, 47f, 50f
measurement in mitral valve therapy,
49, 52f
Left atrium (LA) waveforms, 48–49
Left bundle branch block (LBBB), 112
Left heart catheterization, 44
Left internal mammary artery
(LIMA), 19
Left upper pulmonary vein (LUPV ),
259–260
Left ventricle (LV)
pseudoaneurysms, 343–344
rupture, 110–112
Left ventricular end diastolic pressure
(LVEDP), 47–48, 47f
Left ventricular outflow tract
(LVOT), 165, 165f, 178–179,
210–211, 248f
assessment, 212f
calcification, 85
definition, 247
invasive hemodynamic assessment,
250–251, 250f
Left ventricular pressure, measurement
of, 44
Left ventriculography, 213–214
Low-molecular-weight heparin
(LMWH), 269
Lung and Cormier score, for percutane-
ous balloon mitral valvuloplasty
(PBMV), 148–149, 150t
M
Main pulmonary artery (MPA)
angiogram, 338f
MCTP2, 298
Medical therapy, 363
intracardiac masses, 381
obstructive hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy, 247
Medtronic CoreValve Evolut Pro,
95–96
Medtronic CoreValve system, 95–96,
96f
Melody valve system, 281
MitraClip, 291–293, 292f
transseptal puncture (TSP), 65
MitraClipr system
device improvements, 168–169
device steering, 166–168
evidence, 160–162
hemodynamic assessment, 171–172,
171f
indications, 160–162
NT delivery system, 168–169
pre- and intraprocedural imaging,
170
preprocedural planning, 162
procedural complications, 169–170
procedure, 164–165, 164f, 165f,
166f, 167f
transjugular approach for, 169f
transseptal puncture, 163, 164f
Mitral annular calcification (MAC), 209
Mitral paravalvular leak (PVL) closure
after transcatheter mitral valve
replacement, 201, 201f
antegrade transseptal approach,
193–200, 195t
anchor wire technique,
196–197, 197f
Mitral paravalvular leak (PVL)
closure (Continued)
arteriovenous rail, 198–199,
198f
double-wire technique, 196,
196f
scarred/fibrotic septal tissue,
193–194
transapical puncture, 199–200,
199f
transseptal access, 193–194
complications, 202, 202f
contraindications, 190
equipment used for, 193t
indications, 190
preprocedural planning, 191–192
procedural steps, 203, 203f, 204f,
205f, 206f, 207f
retrograde approach, 200–201,
200f
screening and treatment of, 191f
Mitral regurgitation (MR), 48–49,
148, 160
bileaflet prolapse with, 162, 162f
Mitral stenosis (MS), 51, 54f, 148
Mitral valve (MV), 148–149, 164f
Mitral valve-in-MAC (ViMAC)
techniques
anatomic features, 210–211
cardiac computed tomography, 211,
211f, 212f
clinical outcomes, 217–220
complications, 217–220
delivery access types, 211–213
indications, 209
preprocedural planning, 209–211
procedural steps, 217, 218f, 219f,
220f, 221f
sizing, 209–211
Mitral valve-in-valve/valve-in-ring
balloon-expandable SAPIEN
valves, 175, 176f
clinical outcomes, 188
complications, 184–187, 187f
computed tomography angiography
(CTA), 178–179, 181f
echocardiography, 177–178
postprocedural care, 187–188
procedural planning, 175–177
transapical technique, 181–184
transseptal balloon-expandable
mitral valve implantation
technique, 180–181
Mltidetector computed tomography
(MDCT), 12–13, 13f
Moderate anesthesia care (MAC),
86
MReye® embolization coils, 310
Muscular VSDs (mVSD), 238
Myectomy, 249
N
New York Heart Association
(NYHA), 291
Nit-Occlud PDA™ coil system,
310–311
NOTCH, 298
386 INDEX
https://t.me/medicina_free
O
Obstructive hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy (HOCM), 247
echocardiographic assessment of,
248f
Orthodeoxia, 230
P
Palliative care, intracardiac masses,
381
Paravalvular leak (PVL), 112
intraprocedural imaging, 140
preprocedural imaging, 138–139
Paravalvular regurgitation (PVR)
circumferential extent of, 26–28,
27f, 28f
spectral Doppler parameters of,
28–29, 29f
transcatheter closure
preprocedure imaging,
34–35
procedural guidance, 35–37
Paravalvular regurgitation, percutaneous
repair of, 190b
PASCAL, 172
“PASS” criteria, 260, 264f
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), 307
Aha guidelines, 309
complications, 316
initial assessment, 309, 309f
morphology, 310, 310f
percutaneous device closure, 310–315,
311–312f, 313f, 314f, 315f,
316f
procedural steps, 315, 317f, 318f,
319f
Patent foramen ovale (PFO)
complications, 234
follow-up, 234
indications, 230, 231f, 231t
procedural aspects, 232, 233,
233f
Patient prosthesis mismatch (PPM),
130
PBMV. See Percutaneous balloon
mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV)
PDA. See Patent ductus arteriosus
(PDA)
Percutaneous balloon mitral
valvuloplasty (PBMV)
acute success and complications,
157–158
contraindications, 150
double-balloon technique, 156–157,
156f, 157f
indications, 148–149, 149f
with Inoue balloon, 151–156, 152f,
153f, 153t, 154f, 155f
long-term results, 158
Lung and Cormier score, 148–149,
150t
outcomes, 157–158
patient selection, 148–149
single modified balloon technique,
157
Wilkins score, 148–149, 150t
Percutaneous coronary intervention
(PCI), 2
Percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral
valve repair
emerging technologies, 172
MitraClipr system
complications, 169–170
device improvements,
168–169
device steering, 166–168
evidence, 160–162
hemodynamic assessment,
171–172, 171f
indications, 160–162
pre- and intraprocedural
imaging, 170
preprocedural planning, 162
procedure, 164–165, 164f,
165f, 166f, 167f
transseptal puncture, 163,
164f
Perfusion single photon emission
computed tomography
(SPECT)/CTA, 362, 362f
Perimembranous VSD (pmVSD), 244
Periprosthetic leak, 287
PFO. See Patent foramen ovale (PFO)
Post-ablation coronary angiography,
253f
Post–myocardial infarction VSD
(PMI-VSD), 243–244
Postsurgical VSD, 244
Proximal isovelocity surface area
(PISA) analysis, 41
Pseudoaneurysm
clinical presentation and natural
history, 343–344, 343t
coil and noncovered stent or
covered stent, 352
coil embolization, 350–351
complications, 354
diagnosis, 344, 344f, 345f, 346f
follow-up, 358
guidelines and patient selection,
346
incidence, 343–344
management, 347–348, 347f
occluder devices, 348–350, 350f,
351f, 352f
percutaneous closure, 348–351,
349f
procedural steps, 353f, 355f, 356f,
357f
surgical management, 343, 358,
359f
Pulmonary arterial wedge pressure
(PAWP), 47–48
Pulmonary artery laceration, 287
Pulmonary balloon angioplasty
(PBA), 333, 363
Pulmonary edema, 371–372, 371t
Pulmonary Edema Predictive Scoring
Index (PEPSI) score, 372
Pulmonary valve stenosis (PS), 333
AHA recommendations, 333
indications for intervention, 333
postprocedure, 334–335
Pulmonary valve stenosis (PS)
(Continued)
preprocedural imaging, 334
procedure, 334, 335f, 336f
Pulmonary vascular disease, 49
Pulmonary vein flow, 35
for post-TMVR assessment of
residual regurgitation, 41, 41f
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), 66
Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS)
diagnostic workup, 267–269
engagement, 270
initial presentation, 267–269
intervention, 270–272, 271f, 273f
left atrial access, 270
percutaneous intervention, 269
postprocedure care, 275–276
procedure
complications, 275t
outcomes, 272–276
steps, 272, 273f, 274f, 275f
symptoms at presentation, 268t
wire crossing, 270
Q
Quick-Core side-cutting needles, 376
R
Radiofrequency (RF) needles, 62
Retrograde aortic (RA) approach,
377–378
Retroperitoneal bleeding, 109
Reverse loop technique, 154–155, 155f
Right anterior oblique (RAO), 76,
249–250
Right atrial (RA) pressure, 50
Right femoral venous access, 213–214
Right heart catheter, 44
Right ventricle (RV) perforation, 110
Right ventricle pseudoaneurysms,
343–344
Right ventricular outflow tract
(RVOT), 335–336
AHA guidelines, 337
complications, 341
indications for intervention, 337
postprocedure management, 342
preprocedure planning, 337–338
procedure, 338–340, 338f, 340f, 341f
S
Saccular aortic psuedoaneurysm, 305,
308f
SAPIEN 3 valve, 209–210, 215f
Seldinger technique, 123
Self-expanding transcatheter aortic
valve replacement
complications, 106
Medtronic CoreValve system,
95–96, 96f
patient selection, 96–97
procedural planning, 97–99
aortic root, 98–99, 99f
transfemoral access, 97–98,
98f
procedure steps, 100–104, 100f,
101f, 103f, 104f, 105f
valve-in-valve therapy, 99–100, 99f
INDEX 387
https://t.me/medicina_free
Septostomy, 215–216
Single-balloon techniques, 156f
Site-specific transseptal puncture, 65,
65f
Snares, 9, 9f
Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS)
score, 81
Spacer therapy, 291
Steerable and flexible sheath, 204f
Steerable guiding catheter (SGC), 163
“Stop-flow” technique, 227
Structural intervention
building-blocks approach, 2–3, 4f,
6–10
cognitive training in, 3–6, 6f
interdisciplinary learning, 6
procedural training, 2
Surgical aortic valve replacement
(SAVR), 95–96
Surgical therapy, intracardiac masses,
381
Swan-Ganz catheter, 44
Systolic anterior motion (SAM), 247
T
TAVR . See Transcatheter aortic valve
replacement (TAVR)
Telescoping catheter technique, 9
Thermodilution method, cardiac
output, 45
3D transesophageal echocardiography
(3D TEE)
left atrial appendage (LAA) sizing,
31–32, 31f
mitral PVR closure, 35–36, 37f
with multiplanar reconstruction for
aortic annular sizing, 23–24, 24f
Three-dimensional echocardiographic
imaging, 227
Three-dimensional printed models, of
cardiac defects, 324–325
3D rotational angiography, 301, 301f
Transapical access, 213
Transapical puncture, 199–200, 199f,
207f
Transapical (TA) rail, 199–200, 199f
Transapical technique, 213
Transatrial ViMAC technique, 213
Transcatheter aortic valve-in-valve
(VIV )
access, 133
AHA recommendations, 129, 129t
balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV),
133
bioprosthesis failure, 130
bioprosthetic valve fracture (BVF),
132
contraindications, 129
coronary obstruction, 134–135
indications, 129
internal diameter (ID), 130–131
postdilatation, 134
rapid ventricular pacing, 133
specific considerations for, 130
stented bioprosthesis, 130–131, 131f
valve positioning and deployment,
133
valve type and size, selection of,
131–132
Transcatheter aortic valve replace-
ment (TAVR), 3f, 5f, 6
access routes for, 83–85
AHA guidelines, 82b
anesthesia, 86
aortic annulus, sizing of, 85
aortic root, 85
for aortic stenosis, 81
assessment and risk stratification,
81–82, 82t
cardiac perforation/LV rupture,
110–112
aortic regurgitation, 112
cerebrovascular accident, 112
conduction abnormalities,
112
coronary obstruction, 112
valve embolization, 111,
111f
checklist for intraprocedural pause,
114, 115f
complications
access site occlusion, 109,
110f
annular rupture, 110
bleeding, 109
hypotension, 108
iliac dissection, 108, 109f
iliac perforation, 108–109,
109f
vascular, 108
vascular thrombosis, 109
consent for, 86
contraindications, 82
coronary angiography, 83
echocardiographic assessment
coronary ostial height, mea-
surement of, 24–25, 25f
LVOT calcification, 23, 23f
multiplanar reconstruction
for aortic annular sizing,
23–24, 24f
optimal implantation depth,
25–26, 26f
optimal stent expansion, 26,
27f
paravalvular regurgitation
(PVR), circumferential
extent, 26–28, 27f, 28f
postimplantation, 25–29
preprocedural, 23–25
valve thrombosis, 29, 29f
iliofemoral arteries, computed to-
mography (CT) analysis of,
83, 84f
initial workup for, 83
multidetector computed tomogra-
phy (MDCT), 12–13, 13f
pacemaker requirement after, 113
procedural medications, 86
self-expanding
Transcatheter aortic valve replace-
ment (TAVR) (Continued)
complications, 106
Medtronic CoreValve system,
95–96, 96f
patient selection, 96–97
procedural planning, 97–99,
98f, 99f
procedure steps, 100–104,
100f, 101f, 103f, 104f,
105f
valve-in-valve therapy, 99–100,
99f
sheaths, 13–14, 14t
transaortic
advantages, 117
complications, 119
contraindications, 117
disadvantages, 117
mid-ascending aorta, location
of, 118, 118f
planning, 118, 118f
right-sided second interspace
thoracotomy, 118, 118f
technique, 119, 119f
upper sternal split/J-type
sternotomy, 118, 118f
valve deployment, 119,
119f
transapical
advantages, 114
complications, 117
contraindications, 114
disadvantages, 114
fluoroscopic identification of
left ventricular apex,
114–115, 115f
planning, 114
root angiogram, 116, 117f
suture placement, 116, 116f
technique, 114–116, 115f,
116f, 117f
transaxillary
advantages, 120
axillary artery, 120, 121f,
122f
complications, 121
contraindications, 120
disadvantages, 120
planning, 120, 121f
technique, 120–121, 122f,
123f
transcarotid
advantages, 121–122
complications, 123
contraindications, 121–122
disadvantages, 121–122
388 INDEX
https://t.me/medicina_free
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement
(TAVR) (Continued)
planning, 122
Seldinger technique, 123
technique, 123, 124f
vascular clamps, 123, 124f
transcaval
access and closure, 125–126,
126f
advantages, 123–125
coaxial crossing system,
125–126, 126f
complications, 127
contraindications, 123–125
disadvantages, 123–125
planning, 125, 125f
technique, 125–127, 126f
Transcatheter chemical septal ablation,
247
Transcatheter closure techniques, 325,
326f
Transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral
repair
MitraClip system, 37, 38–39
preprocedure imaging, 37–39, 38f
procedural imaging, 39–41, 39f
Transcatheter heart valves (THV),
129, 209
postdilatation, 134
valve type and size, 131
Transcatheter mitral valve replacement
(TMVR), 209
Transcatheter pulmonary valve
replacement (TPVR), 335–336
AHA guidelines, 337
complications, 341
indications for intervention, 337
postprocedure management, 342
preprocedure planning, 337–338
procedure, 338–340, 338f, 340f,
341f
Transcatheter therapies, 291
Transcatheter tricuspid interventions,
294, 294f
Transcatheter valve replacement, 280
Transcatheter Valve Therapies (TVT)
registry, 168
Transcatheter ventricular septal defects
(VSDs) closure
Aha guidelines, 238
indications, 238
outcomes, 244–245
perimembranous VSD with
aneurysm, 244
Post-MI VSD, 243–244
postsurgical VSD, 244
technique and approach, 239–242,
239f, 240f, 241f, 242f, 243f,
244f
Transesophageal echocardiography
(TEE), 191, 192f, 211, 213
in atrial septal defect (ASD), 225
coronary artery fistulae, 324
coronary ostial height, measurement
of, 24–25, 25f
of left atrial appendage, 258
paravalvular leak, 138–139
for transseptal puncture, 30, 30f
Transfemoral access, 13–19
Transseptal access, 193–194
Transseptal balloon-expandable mitral
valve implantation technique,
180–181
Transseptal catheterization, 61. See
also Transseptal puncture (TSP)
Transseptal mitral valve replacement,
175, 176f
Transseptal needles, 58, 58f, 60t
Transseptal puncture (TSP), 7, 8, 57,
194–195, 203f
ancillary tools, 58–61, 60f
challenges, 61–62
fossa ovalis (FO) engagement,
62
needle advancement, 62
venous access, 61–62
competency in, 68
complications of, 66–68
fluoroscopy-guided, 62, 63f
fusion imaging, 65
imaging guidance for, 62–65
for percutaneous balloon mitral
valvuloplasty (PBMV), 151
percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral
valve repair, 163, 164f
simple, 61
site-specific puncture, 65, 65f
toolbox, 57–61
transesophageal echocardiography,
30, 30f, 218f
transseptal needles, 58, 58f, 60t
transseptal sheath, 57, 57f, 58f, 59t
ultrasound-guided, 63–64, 64f
Transseptal sheath, 57, 57f, 58f, 59t,
156–157
Transseptal ViMAC technique,
213–217, 214f, 215f, 216f, 217f
Transthoracic echocardiography
(TTE), 191, 298
bioprosthetic valves, 130
coronary artery fistulae, 324
prosthetic valve dysfunction,
177–178, 177f
pseudoaneurysms, 344
5F Transvenous pacemaker, 213–214
Trialign device, 293–294
Tricinch, 294
Tricuspid annuloplasty devices,
293–294
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR), 50, 53f
Tricuspid valve apparatus, 290
Tricuspid valve-in-valve (TVIV)
complications, 287–288
contraindications, 280
indications, 280
outcomes, 287
postprocedural management, 288
valve selection, 281, 281f
workup procedure, 280–281
Tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR),
290
anatomy, 290–291
pathophysiology, 290–291
percutaneous repair for, 291–294,
292f, 293f
transcatheter therapies, 291
TVIV. See Tricuspid valve-in-valve
(TVIV)
Type C PDA, 314–315, 314f
Type E PDA, 314–315, 315f
U
Ultrasound-guided transseptal
puncture (TSP), 63–64, 64f
V
Valve embolization, 111, 111f, 288
Valvuloplasty, 9f, 10
Valvuloplasty balloon, aortic stenosis
(AS)
choice of, 78–80
insertion of, 78, 78f, 79f
Vascular access, 6–7
Vascular bleeding, 288
Vascular occlusion devices, 4–6, 9
Vascular thrombosis, 109
Venous access, for temporary
pacemaker implantation, 76
Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scan,
268–269, 269f
Ventricular arrhythmias, 253
Ventricular pseudoaneurysms,
348–351
Vessel access, 15–16
Vessel injury, 372
Vitamin K antagonists, 269
Volumetric flow
Fick cardiac output, 45
thermodilution cardiac output, 45
V wave, mechanism of, 48–49, 49f
W
Warfarin, 364
Watchman procedure, 259, 259f
intracardiac echocardiography, 261f
Z
Z-Med balloon, within medtronic
mosaic bioprosthesis, 281f
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