Добавил:
Sekretar
kiopkiopkiop18@yandex.ru
t.me/Prokururor I Вовсе не секретарь, но почту проверяю
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Предмет:
Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / @xirurgi_2025 / @xirurgi_2025 - 1367 - файл
.pdf
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ГЛАВА 1. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
1.1 Анатомо-физиологические особенности желудочно-кишечного тракта
недоношенного новорожденного и факторы риска развития
некротизирующего энтероколита
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1.2 Стратегии вскармливания недоношенных новорожденных детей
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LIUEGHUEGCaICMC* GJ`LHEHS?* H* JICYJ[NIdYH* KCIFVIdYH* RHJDEC[HVFDKHYH*
DKCGCDESYH*KGCLCECKJ*L*RCXX[FGCLDKHZ*HDD[FRCLJIHSZ*XUXCVICW*JGEFGHH*X[CRJ<*U*
KCECGdZ*KCGY[FIHF*ad[C*IJVJEC*L*EFVFIHF*PQ^ji*VJDCL*XCD[F*GCbRFIHS<*RCDEHMJ[H*
XC[ICMC*CalFYJ*gIEFGJ[NICMC*XHEJIHS*adDEGFF<*VFY*EF<*U*KCECGdZ*KCGY[FIHF*ad[C*
IJVJEC*L*LC`GJDEF*PQ]\Pjj*VJDCL*bH`IHŸoP >*
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KC[CIH`JTHH*KHcFVIHKJ*ŸoQ <*DIHbFIHS*JKEHLICDEH*XHfFLJGHEF[NIdZ*_FGYFIECL*
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XHEJIHF* XGFRCELGJEHE* XFGFMGU`KU* CalFYCY*H* GJDESbFIHF* KHcFVIHKJ<*J* `IJVHE* H*
IJGUcFIHF* YF`FIEFGHJ[NICW* THGKU[STHH* H* DIHbFIHF* EC[FGJIEICDEH* K* XHfFLCW*
IJMGU`KFŸoj >**
*****:CZGJICLDKHW* Ca`CG* XCKJ`J[<* VEC* GJIIFF* EGC_HVFDKCF* XHEJIHF* pPQ\Qj*
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YFIFF* CRICW* IFRF[H* XCD[F* GCbRFIHSr* IF* CKJ`dLJFE* `IJVHEF[NICMC* L[HSIHS* IJ*
VJDECEU* LC`IHKICLFIHS* IFXFGFICDHYCDEH* q=* H* (q:Ÿo] >* 0C[FF* ECMC<* CEDGCVKJ*
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ULF[HVFIHF*CalFYJ*gIEFGJ[NICMC*XHEJIHS*IF*DIHbJFE*GHDK*GJ`LHEHS*(q:<*J*LYFDEC*

18
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gECMC*`JRFGbHLJFE*IJVJ[C*XC[ICTFIICMC*gIEFGJ[NICMC*XHEJIHS*H*YCbFE*XCLdDHEN*
GHDK* HILJ`HLIdZ* HI_FKTHW* H* YFEJaC[HVFDKHZ* CD[CbIFIHW* H`^`J* R[HEF[NICMC*
HDXC[N`CLJIHS*XJGFIEFGJ[NICMC*XHEJIHSŸi<*ok >*
*****u‡Š‡•* y>* ž* žCJLE>* DCCafH[H<* VEC* aC[FF* KCGCEKJS* XGCRC[bHEF[NICDEN* pRC* EGFZ*
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p=q=r*aF`*ULF[HVFIHS*GHDKJ*(q:>*)RIJKC<*HDD[FRCLJIHF*ad[C*GFEGCDXFKEHLIdY<*
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EF[J* XGH* GCbRFIHH* ¥ok]* M<* ECMRJ* KJK* L* MGUXXF* D* aC[FF* KCGCEKHY* EGC_HVFDKHY*
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*****/* HDD[FRCLJIHH* y†¦‡‚}‡‚* y>* ž* žCJLE><* XCDLSfFIICY* H`UVFIHe*
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GF`U[NEJEJY<* LGFYS* RCDEHbFIHS* XC[ICMC* gIEFGJ[NICMC* XHEJIHS* H* VJDECEJ*
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gECMC*XFGHCRJ*L*IJDECSfFF*LGFYS*RCDECLFGIC*IF*CXGFRF[FIJ>*
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XC`RIHZ*HI_FKTHCIICW*CD[CbIFIHW<*DCDEJL[SFE*YFIFF*j*RIFW*Ÿo™ >*

19
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*****)alFYd*H*EFYXd*ULF[HVFIHS*gIEFGJ[NICW*IJMGU`KH*L*IJDECSfFF*LGFYS*CDEJFEDS*
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MGURICF*YC[CKC*IF*EJK*cHGCKC*RCDEUXId*H*IF*SL[SeEDS*DEJIRJGECY*IUEGHEHLICW*

20
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XCYCfH* L* XFGLdF* RIH* bH`IH>* ,HDEFYJEHVFDKHW* Ca`CG* yЕއ}“Ž* ’>* CalFRHIH[*
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Соседние файлы в папке @xirurgi_2025
