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SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
xxx
5-FU 5-fl uorouracil
g gram
G gauge
GA general anaesthetic
GANT gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumour
GCS Glasgow coma scale
GFR glomerular fi ltration rate
GGT gamma glutamyl transferase
GH growth hormone
GI gastrointestinal
GIP gastric inhibitory polypeptide
GIST gastrointestinal stromal tumour
GMC General Medical Council
GORD gastro-oesophageal refl ux
GP general practitioner
GTN glyceryl trinitrate
Gy gray
h hour
HAT hepatic artery thrombosis
Hb haemoglobin
HCC hepatocellular carcinoma
HCG human chorionic gonadotrophin
HCO
bicarbonate
3
HCV hepatitis C virus
HDU high dependency unit
HES hydroxyethyl starch
HGV heavy goods vehicle
HHD handheld Doppler
HIDA hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid
HIT heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
HITT heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis
HIV human immunodefi ciency virus
HLA human leucocyte antigen
HMMA 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid
HNPCC hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer
H
O water
2
HPV human papilloma virus
HR heart rate
HRT hormone replacement therapy
HSV herpes simplex virus
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Данная книга находится в списке для перевода на русский язык сайта https://meduniver.com/
5-HT 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)
HTLV human T-cell lymphocytotrophic virus
HVA homovanillic acid
IABP intra-aortic balloon pump
IC intermittent claudication
ICA internal carotid artery
ICD intracardiac defi brillator
ICP intracranial pressure
ICU intensive care unit
i.e. id est (that is)
IF intrinsic factor
IGF insulin growth factor
IHD ischaemic heart disease
IM intramuscular
IMA inferior mesenteric artery
IMHS intramedullary hip screw
in inch
INPV intermittent negative pressure ventilation
INR international normalized ratio
IPJ interphalangeal joint
IPPV intermittent positive pressure ventilation
IPSS international prostate symptom score
ITA internal thoracic artery
ITU intensive treatment unit
IU international unit
IV intravenous
IVU intravenous urogram
J joule
JCHST Joint Committee on Higher Surgical Training
JVP jugular venous pressure
K potassium
kcal kilocalorie
KCl potassium chloride
kg kilogram
kPa kilopascal
KUB kidneys/ureters/bladder
L litre
LA local anaesthetic or left atrium/atrial
LAD left anterior descending (artery)
LAP left atrial pressure
xxxi
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
xxxii
LatexAT latex agglutination test
lb pound
LDH lactate dehydrogenase
LDL low density lipid
LESS laparoscopic and endoscopic single site (surgery)
LFT liver function test
LH luteinizing hormone
LHRH luteinizing hormone releasing hormone
Li lithium
LIF left iliac fossa
LITA left internal thoracic artery
LMS left main stem
LMWH low molecular weight heparin
LOS lower oesophageal sphincter
LSV long saphenous vein
LUQ left upper quadrant
LUTS lower urinary tract symptoms
LV left ventricle
LVEDP left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
LVEDV left ventricular end-diastolic volume
LVF left ventricular failure
m metre
MAG3
99m
Tc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine
MALT mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
MAO monoamine oxidase
MAP mean arterial pressure
MCPJ metacarpophalangeal joint
MCRP magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
M,C,&S microscopy, culture, and sensitivity
MCV mean cell volume
MDT multidisciplinary team
MEN multiple endocrine neoplasia
mEq milliequivalent
mg milligram
Mg magnesium
MHC major histocompatibility complex
MHz megahertz
MI myocardial infarction
MIBG meta-iodo-benzyl-guanidine
min minute
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Данная книга находится в списке для перевода на русский язык сайта https://meduniver.com/
MIP minimally invasive parathyroidectomy
MIST mechanism of injury/injuries identifi ed/(vital)signs at
scene/treatment administered
mL millilitre
MMF mycophenolate mofetil
mmHg millimetre mercury
mmol millimole
MMR mismatch repair (genes)
MMV mandatory minute ventilation
Mn manganese
MODS multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
mph mile per hour
MR mitral regurgitation
MRA magnetic resonance angiography
MRC Medical Research Council (scale)
MRCP magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatogram
MRI magnetic resonance imaging
ms millisecond
MRSA methicillin (or multiply) resistant Staphylococcus aureus
MSU midstream urine
MTC medullary thyroid carcinoma
mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin
MTP mid-thigh perforator
MTPJ metatarsophalangeal joint
MUA manipulation under anaesthesia
MV mitral valve
Na sodium
NA noradrenaline (norepinephrine)
sodium bicarbonate
NaHCO
3
NAI non-accidental injury
NASCET North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial
NBM nil by mouth
NCEPOD National Confi dential Enquiry into Patient Outcomes
and Death
NEC necrotizing enterocolitis
ng nanogram
NG nasogastric
NGT nasogastric tube
NHS National Health Service
NICE National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence
xxxiii
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
xxxiv
NIPPV non-invasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation
NK natural killer (cell)
NNT number needed to treat
O nitrous oxide
N
2
NSAID non-steroidal anti-infl ammatory drug
NSF National Service Framework
NSGCT non-seminomatous germ cell tumour
NSPCC National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children
NSTEMI non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
NVB neurovascular bundle
nvCJD new variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
NYHA New York Heart Association
oxygen
O
2
OCP oral contraceptive pill
od omne in die (once a day)
OGD oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy
OM obtuse marginal
OPT orthopantomogram
ORIF open reduction with internal fi xation
PA pulmonary artery or posterior-anterior
PAC plasma aldosterone concentration
PaCO
2 arterial carbon dioxide tension
PAF platelet-activating factor
PAL primary hyperaldosteronism
PaO
2 arterial oxygen tension
PAP pulmonary artery pressure or placental alkaline phosphatase
PAS patient administration system
PAWP pulmonary artery wedge pressure
PCA patient-controlled analgesia
PCI percutaneous coronary intervention
PCNL percutaneous nephrolithotomy
PCO
2 carbon dioxide tension
PCR polymerase chain reaction
PCV packed cell volume or pressure control ventilation
PDA posterior descending artery
PDGF platelet-derived growth factor
PE pulmonary embolism
PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure
PEFR peak expiratory fl ow rate
PEG percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Данная книга находится в списке для перевода на русский язык сайта https://meduniver.com/
PEP post-exposure prophylaxis
PET positron emission tomography
PGME Postgraduate medical education
PH portal hypertension
PHPT primary hyperparathyroidism
PICC peripherally inserted central venous catheter
PID pelvic infl ammatory disease
PIPJ proximal interphalangeal joint
PLL posterior longitudinal ligament
PMETB Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board
PMN polymorphonuclear neutrophil
PO orally (per os)
2 oxygen tension
PO
4 phosphate
PO
POSSUM Physiologic and Operative Severity Score for the
enumeration of Mortality and morbidity
PPH procedure for prolapse and haemorrhoids
PPI proton pump inhibitor
PPN peripheral parenteral nutrition
PR per rectum
prn pro re rata (as required)
PS pressure support
PSA prostate-specifi c antigen
PSARP posterior sagittal anorectoplasty
PT prothrombin time
PTC percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram
PTE pulmonary thromboembolism
PTEF polytetrafl uoroethylene
PTH parathyroid hormone
PTLD post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
PTT partial prothrombin time
PUJ pelviureteric junction
PV per vagina
PVD peripheral vascular disease
PVR pulmonary vascular resistance
PVRI pulmonary vascular resistance index
qds quater die sumandus (four times a day)
RA right atrial or rheumatoid arthritis
RAP right atrial pressure
RCA right coronary artery
xxxv
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
xxxvi
RCT randomized controlled trial
Rh rhesus
rhTSH recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone
RIF right iliac fossa
RLN recurrent laryngeal nerve
RNA ribonucleic acid
RR relative risk or risk ratio
RRR relative risk reduction
RSTL relaxed skin tension line
RTA road traffi c accident
RUQ right upper quadrant
RV right ventricle
s second
SA sinoatrial (node)
SAC specialist advisory committee
SaO
2 arterial oxygen saturation
SBE subacute bacterial endocarditis
SC subcutaneous
SCAT sheep cell agglutination test
SCC squamous cell carcinoma
SCI spinal cord injury
SCM sternocleidomastoid
SD standard deviation
SEMS self-expanding metal stenting
SEPL subfascial endoscopic perforator ligation
SFA superfi cial femoral artery
SFJ saphenofemoral junction
SILS single incision laparoscopic surgery
SIMV synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation
SIRS systemic infl ammatory response syndrome
SL sublingual
SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
SMA superior mesenteric artery
SNP sodium nitroprusside
SPJ saphenopopliteal junction
spp species
STD sodium tetradecyl sulphate
STEMI ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
STI sexually transmitted infection
SUFE slipped upper femoral epiphysis
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Данная книга находится в списке для перевода на русский язык сайта https://meduniver.com/
SV stroke volume
SVC superior vena cava
SVI stroke volume index
2 percentage oxygen saturation of mixed venous haemoglobin
SvO
SVR systemic vascular resistance
SVRI systemic vascular resistance index
SVT supraventricular tachycardia
3 triiodothyronine
T
4 thyroxine
T
TAP transversus abdominis percutaneous
TAPS transabdominal pre-peritoneal surgery
TB tuberculosis
TBSA total body surface area
TCC transitional cell carcinoma
TCR T-cell receptor
TCT transitional cell tumour
tds ter die sumendus (three times a day)
TEDS thromboembolic deterrent stockings
TEMS transanal endoscopic microsurgery
TEPS totally extra-peritoneal surgery
TFCC triangular fi brocartilage complex
TFT thyroid function test
TGF transforming growth factor
THR total hip replacement
TIA transient ischaemic attack
TIBC total iron binding capacity
TIPS transjugular intraparenchymal portosystemic shunt/stent
TKA through-knee amputation
TKR total knee replacement
TLSO thoracolumbar spine orthosis
TMT tarsometatarsal
TNF tumour necrosis factor
TNM tumour nodes metastasis (cancer staging)
tPA tissue plasminogen activator
TPN total parenteral nutrition
TRAM transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (fl ap)
TRUS transrectal ultrasound
H thyroid-stimulating hormone
TT thrombin time or total thyroidectomy
TTE transthoracic echocardiogram
xxxvii
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
xxxviii
TUIP transurethral incision in the prostate
TURP transurethral resection of the prostate
TVF transversalis fascia
U (international) units
UADT upper aerodigestive tract
U&E urea and electrolytes
UC ulcerative colitis
UCL ulnar collateral ligament
UFH unfractionated heparin
UK United Kingdom
UOS upper oesophageal sphincter
USA United States of America
UTI urinary tract infection
UV ultraviolet
V volts
VACTERL vertebral defects/anorectal atresia/cardiac defects/
tracheo-oesophageal fi stula ± (o)esophageal atresia/
renal anomalies/limb defects
VAD ventricular assist device
VATS video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery
VF ventricular fi brillation
VHL von Hippel–Lindau (disease)
VIP vasoactive inhibitory polypeptide
VMA vanillylmandelic acid
VQ ventilation/perfusion (scan)
VRE vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
VT ventricular tachycardia
VTE venous thromboembolism
VWF von Willebrand factor
WCC white cell count
WHO World Health Organization
y year
Symbols and abbreviat
Chapter 1
Данная книга находится в списке для перевода на русский язык сайта https://meduniver.com/
Good surgical practice
Duties of a doctor 2
Communication skills 4
Evidence-based surgery 6
Critical appraisal 10
Audit 12
Consent 14
Death 16
End-of-life issues 18
Clinical governance 20
1
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