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ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY

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ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY

THIRD EDITION

A. OMAR ABUBAKER, DMD, PhD

Professor and S. Elmer Bear Chair Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery VCU School of Dentistry and VCU Medical Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia

DIN LAM, DMD, MD

Private Practice Charlotte, North Carolina

KENNETH J. BENSON, DDS

Private Practice - Central Carolina Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Apex, North Carolina

3251 Riverport Lane

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St. Louis, Missouri 63043

ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY SECRETS, THIRD EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-29430-0

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.

This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).

Notices

Knowledge and best practice in this ﬁeld are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.

Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.

With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identiﬁed, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.

To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.

Previous editions copyrighted 2007, 2001.

ISBN: 978-0-323-29430-0

Executive Content Strategist: Kathy Falk Professional Content Development Manager: Jolynn Gower Senior Content Development Specialist: Courtney Sprehe Publishing Services Manager: Hemamalini Rajendrababu Senior Project Manager: Divya KrishnaKumar Design Direction: Ryan Cooke

Printed in the United States of America

Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

To all my teachers, especially those in the early years of my education,

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for planting the seeds of scientiﬁc curiosity and thirst for knowledge. To my mentors, who recognized and nourished the potential in me to

learn and teach.

To my students and residents, who taught me by asking me questions.

To my family, who supported me throughout all this.

AOA

To my wife, for the unconditional support that she has given me for

whatever selﬁsh decisions i have made over the years. I am forever

thankful.

To my sons, Austin and Stephen, for the many nights and weekends that

i was not able to spend time with.

To my mom and brother who have provided me all they can to allow me

to become who i am today.

To my teachers and colleagues who challenge me constantly to allow

me to reach beyond my limit.

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CONTRIBUTORS

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Shelly Abramowicz, DMD, MPH

Assistant Professor Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of Medicine Emory University Associate Chief, Section of Dentistry/Oral and

Maxillofacial Surgery Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta, Georgia

A. Omar Abubaker, DMD, PhD

Professor and S. Elmer Bear Chair Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery VCU School of Dentistry and VCU Medical Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia

Ravi Agarwal, DDS

Assistant Program Director and Chairman Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medstar Washington Hospital Center Washington, DC

David M. Alﬁ, DDS, MD

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Houston Methodist Hospital Houston, Texas

Fahad M. Alsaad, DDS

Chief Resident Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dentistry and Medical Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia

Ludmils Antonos, Jr., DMD

Resident Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dentistry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia

Shahid R. Aziz, DMD, MD, FACS

Professor Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dental Medicine Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Newark, New Jersey

Shahrokh Bagheri, DMD, MD, FACS

Chief, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Surgery, Northside Hospital Georgia Oral and Facial Surgery, and Eastern

Surgical Associates and Consultants Atlanta, Georgia Clinical Associate Professor Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Georgia Health Sciences University Augusta, Georgia Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Surgery, School of Medicine Emory University Atlanta, Georgia Adjunct Assistant Professor of Surgery School of Medicine, University of Miami Miami, Florida

Kenneth J. Benson, DDS

Private Practice - Central Carolina Oral and

Maxillofacial Surgery Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Apex, North Carolina

Behnam Bohluli, DMD, OMFS

Associate Professor Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Azad University Tehran, Iran

Lauren G. Bourell, DDS, MD

Former Chief Resident of Oral and Maxillofacial

Surgery Bellevue Hospital Center New York University New York, New York Private Practice - Western Lake Erie Oral &

Maxillofacial Surgery Toledo, Ohio

Hani F. Braidy, DMD, FRCD(C)

Associate Professor Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dental Medicine Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Newark, New Jersey

vii

viii CONTRIBUTORS

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Tuan Bui, MD, DMD

Afﬁliate Assistant Professor Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dentistry Oregon Health and Sciences University Private Practice - Head and Neck Surgical

Associates

Portland, Oregon

Srinivasa Chandra, MD, BDS, FDS, FDSRCS

Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dentistry University of Washington Seattle, Washington

Ray Cheng, DDS, MD

Resident Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery College of Dentistry New York University New York, New York

Matthew Cooke, DDS, MD, MPH

Assistant Professor Departments of Anesthesiology and Pediatric

Dentistry School of Dental Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Assistant Adjunct Professor Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Oral and

Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dentistry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia

Renie Daniel, MD, DMD, MS

Private Practice - Charleston Area Medical Center Charleston, West Virginia

George R. Deeb, DDS, MD

Associate Professor and Director of Graduate and

Undergraduate Implant Programs Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia

Dean M. DeLuke, DDS, MBA

Associate Professor and Director of Predoctoral

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dentistry and Medical Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia

Bhavik S. Desai, DMD, PhD, Dip ABOM

Assistant Professor Division of Oral Medicine Department of Diagnostic Sciences School of Dental Medicine Tufts University Boston, Massachusetts

Jasjit Dillon, DDS, MBBS, FDSRCS, FACS

Program Director, Department of Oral and

Maxillofacial Surgery

Clinical Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial

Surgery Department at Harborview Medical

Center University of Washington Seattle, Washington

Richard D’Innocenzo, DMD, MD

Clinical Professor and Director of Pre-doctoral

Education, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial

Surgery Vice Chairman, Dentistry and Oral and Maxillofacial

Surgery, Boston Medical Center Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine Boston University Boston, Massachusetts

Lisa Marie Di Pasquale, DDS, MD

Resident Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dental Medicine University of Connecticut Farmington, Connecticut

T.J. Dyer, DDS

Resident Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine Boston University Boston, Massachusetts

Harry Dym, DDS

Chair, Dentistry and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery The Brooklyn Hospital Center Brooklyn, New York

Siavash Siv Eftekhari, DMD, MD

Faculty/Fellow Head and Neck Oncologic and Reconstructive

Surgery Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery John Peter Smith Hospital Fort Worth, Texas Resident Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dentistry Oregon Health and Science University Portland, Oregon

CONTRIBUTORS ix

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Vincent Carrao, DDS., MD

Chief of the Division of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery The Mount Sinai Hospital One Gustave L. Levy Place New York, New York

Sidney Eisig, DDS

George Guttmann Professor of Clinical Craniofacial

Surgery Division Director of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Chair of Hospital Dentistry College of Dental Medicine Columbia University New York, New York Chief, Hospital Dental Service New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia

University Medical Center New York, New York

Ariel Farahi, MPH

USC Master of Public Health Program (MPH) Doctoral (DMD) Candidate (2016) School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Tirbod Fattahi, MD, DDS, FACS

Chair and Associate Professor Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery College of Medicine University of Florida Jacksonville, Florida

Rui Fernandes, DMD, MD

Associate Professor Department of Surgery College of Medicine - Jacksonville University of Florida Jacksonville, Florida

Ruben Figueroa, DMD, MS

Clinical Associate Professor Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine Boston University Boston, Massachusetts

Joel M. Friedman, DDS, BA

Associate Professor of Clinical Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College Associate Attending Surgeon New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center New York, New York Clinical Associate Professor of Surgery (Dentistry,

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery) Weill Cornell Medical College Cornell University Ithaca, New York

Helen Giannakopoulos, DDS, MD

Associate Professor Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

James A. Giglio, DDS, MEd

Retired Professor Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dentistry Retired Professor of Surgery Department of Surgery, Division of Oral and

Maxillofacial Surgery School of Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia

Steven G. Gollehon, DDS, MD, FACS

Director, Piedmont Facial Cosmetic and

Reconstructive Surgery Private Practice - Piedmont Oral and Maxillofacial

Surgery Center Greensboro, North Carolina

Michael J. Grau Jr., DMD

Assistant Program Director, Oral and Maxillofacial

Surgery Training Program Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Naval Medical Center San Diego, California

Arin K. Greene, MD, MMSc

Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery Boston Children’s Hospital Associate Professor of Surgery Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts

Bradley A. Gregory, DMD

Private Practice - Center for Oral and Maxillofacial

Surgery Findlay, Ohio

Alden H. Harken, MD, FACS

Professor and Chairman Department of Surgery University of California-San Francisco, East Bay Chief of Surgery Department of Surgery Alameda County Medical Center Oakland, California

Tabetha R. Harken, MD, MPH

Associate Professor Division of General Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine University of California, Irvine Irvine, California

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