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442

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INDEX

442

contracture

surgery, 241– 84 anatomical sites, 252 antecubital fossa, 266f,

266– 8, 267f, 268f anterior knee, 280 approach to, 248 axilla, 260f, 260– 2, 261f,

262f, 263f children, 246– 7 dermal substitutes, 250 eyelids, 276– 7 face, 276– 7 foot and

ankle, 282– 3, 283f free aps, 251 full thickness grafts, 249 general principles, 246– 7 groin, 278, 279f knee, 280 local aps, 250 mouth, 277 multiple

contractures, 246– 7 neck, 272– 4, 273f, 274f olecranon, 270 perineum, 278 popliteal fossa, 280, 281f prevention, 242 sole, 283 split skin grafts, 249 technical tips, 246– 7 tendo achilles, 283 timing of, 244 tissue expansion, 251 upper limb, 254– 7 wrist, 270

cooling, outpatient

management, 289

Coping With Burns

Questionnaire

(CWBQ), 228t copper, 325t, 409, 409t cornea

grafts, 189 ocular burns, 188

corrosives

chemical burns, 165t

management, 168– 9 corticosteroids, 337 cortisol, 31, 24t cosmetic camouage, hair

replacement, 370

cost- eectiveness,

telemedicine, 297

cost of burn care, 299– 302

acute care cost, 300

containment, 302

rehabilitation care

cost, 301

C- reactive protein

(CRP), 24t, 31

critical care, 109– 16

airways, 111

see also rst- degrees

burns/ erythema epinephrine see adrenaline epoprostenol, 414t erythema

uid calculation

exclusion, 40

laser management of

scars, 377

sunburn, 349 see also rst- degrees

burns/ erythema escharotomies, 95– 108

chest and

abdomen, 100f, 100

digits, 99f indications, 96 lower limb, 98 military burns

management, 340

principles, 96 thumb, 99f upper limb, 98f, 98, 99f

Escherichia coli

infection, 152f, 153

antimicrobial

management, 154t ethnicity, burn rst aid, 60 European Burns

Association, 435

European Tissue Repair

Society, 436

European Wound

Management Association, 436

evaluation, burn

prevention, 13

examination, non- accidental

injury assessment, 312

excision, surger y, 136– 7

bacterial infections

and, 152 exercise

hypermetabolism, 32– 3 joint range of

motion, 221

passive exercises, 221 tolerance, 230t

443

444

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INDEX

444

exercises, joint range of

motion, 221

exfoliative skin diseases

see desquamating skin disorders

explosive weapons, military

burns, 340, 342– 3 exposure, critical care, 114 extent of injur y

chemical burn

management, 168

outpatient management

selection, 287– 8 extrinsic contractures, 243 extrinsic predisposing fac-

tors, frostbite, 354

eyelids, contracture

surgery, 276– 7

FAB (Functional assessment

for Burns), 227t

face

contracture surger y, 276– 7 surgery, 143

face transplantation, 379– 82

history of, 380 indications for, 380 patient selection, 381 see also composite

tissue allo-

transplantation (CTA) faecal diversion, 200 faecal management

tubes, 201

families, contracture

prevention, 242

fascial excision, 136

anaesthesia

considerations, 122 fasciocutaneous- based

aps, 261– 2

fasciotomy, 102

dorsal forearm, 102f,

102, 103f

electrical burns, 175 forearm, 102 hand, 102f lower limb, 104 proximal forearm, 104 thigh, 106, 107f

upper limbs, 102, 103f fats in nutrition, 324 feet, contracture

surgery, 282– 3, 283f

female genitalia, delayed

reconstruction, 202

fentanyl, 394

doses, 414t

intensive care dosing

recognitions, 397t

routes/ doses, 397t

fentanyl oralet, 387

paediatric burn

analgesia, 309 ferritin blood test, 51t fexofenadine, 413t bronectin, TransCyte

(Dermagraft), 206– 7

FIM (Functional

Independence Measure), 227t

nances see cost of

burn care re- safe cigarettes, 15 reworks, 15 rst aid, 59– 66

burning process

stopping, 62 importance of, 60 initial management,

64– 5 ocular burns, 185, 186– 7 outpatient

management, 289 SAFE approach, 62 wound cooling, 62– 3 wound management, 63

rst- degrees burns/

erythema, 79 clinical assessment, 83t radiation burns as, 179 see also epidermal burns

Fitzpatrick scale skin type

scores, 378

5 Ps, 193, 238– 9 ve- ap Z plasty, 254 xing grafts, 135 Flamazine®, 148, 146, 341 ame burns

denition, 10 incidence, 3t outpatient management

selection, 287– 8

Flaminal® (enzyme

alginogels), 158t

Flammacerium®, 148– 9

deep partial thickness burn

surgery, 142

full thickness burn

surgery, 142– 3

aps

antero- lateral thigh

aps, 274 appearance of, 248 asymmetric Z

aps, 266f, 266 axilla contracture

surgery, 261– 2 Becker aps see

Becker aps double trapezoid

ap, 272– 4, 274f

fasciocutaneous- based

aps, 261– 2 ve- ap Z plasty, 254 free aps see free aps full thickness aps,

246– 7 islanded perforator- based

propeller aps, 261– 2 island perforator- based

aps, 266, 267f latissimus dorsi perforator

ap, 274 local aps see local aps local transposition

aps, 278 medial arm

ap, 260– 1, 261f neck contracture

surgery, 274 pedicled groin ap see

pedicled groin aps perforator- based

aps, 260f, 261– 4 popliteal fossa contracture

surgery, 280 posterior arm

ap, 261, 262f propeller aps see

propeller aps proximally based radial

forearm ap, 266– 8 radial forearm ap, 274 thoracodorsal artery per-

forator ap, 274 trapezoid

ap, 272– 4, 274f trapezoid aps plus

grafting, 262, 263f ulnar forearm ap, 274

ow phase,

hypermetabolism, 30– 1

uid losses, paediatric burn

resuscitation, 305

uid management,

anaesthesia, 128

uid

resuscitation, 89– 94, 406 calculation, 92– 3 critical care, 114 electrical burns, 175 emergency

departments, 41 initial management, 64 paediatric cases, 41 response monitoring, 93 total body surface area

(TBSA), 90

uid- sparing drugs, 411 folate blood test, 51t Foley catheters, 127 follow- up, outpatient

management, 292

https://t.me/med1917

forearm, fasciotomy, 102 foreign bodies, ocular

burns, 185

fourth- degree burns, 79

clinical assessment, 83t see also catastrophic burns

fragmentation, explosive

weapon trauma, 342

free aps

contracture surgery, 251 wrist contracture

surgery, 270

freeze– thaw– refreeze

cycles, 359

frostbite, 345, 353– 66

classication, 356 clinical assessment, 355 denition, 354 history, 355 imaging, 360 long- term sequelae, 366 pathophysiology, 358– 9 pattern of injury, 354 predisposing factors, 354 prevention, 366 prognostic indicators,

356 severity grading, 356t symptoms and signs, 355 treatment, 362– 4, 363b see also cold burns

full blood count (FBC), 51t

radiation burn

management, 181

full- thickness burns, 79

anaesthesia history, 119 area records, 40 clinical assessment, 83t uid resuscitation, 90 hand burns, 196 radiation burns as, 179 surgery, 142– 3 see also subdermal burns;

third- degree burns

full thickness excision, 136 full thickness aps, contrac-

ture surgery, 246– 7

full- thickness grafts

broadband

contractures, 248 contracture

surgery, 246– 7, 249 hand extensor

surface– extension

contracture, 257

full thickness incisions,

escharotomies, 96

full- thickness skin

grafts (FTSGs), management, 233

functional areas,

Matriderm, 210

Functional assessment for

Burns (FAB), 227t

Functional Independence

Measure (FIM), 227t

functional independence,

physiotherapy, 222

functional outcomes,

composite tissue allotransplantation, 381

functional

rehabilitation, 216– 17 fungal infections, 156, 156t Fusarium infections, 156

treatment, 156t

gabapentin, 388, 400

dosing regimens, 397

GAGs (glycosamino-

glycans), TransCyte

(Dermagraft), 206– 7 Galveston adolescent

scale, 323t Galveston infant scale, 323t Galveston revised

scale, 323t gamma rays, 178, 178t gastrointestinal system

chemical burns, 166 critical care, 114 explosive weapon

trauma, 342, 343

whole- body

irradiation, 180

general non- burn scoring

systems, 54 general requirements,

surgery, 134 genital burns see perineal &

genital burns GH (growth hormone), 25 glabellar skin, hand, 192 glucocorticoids, 22– 5, 24t gluconeogenic

substrates, 22– 5 glucose, 324 glutamine, 324, 409, 409t glycosaminoglycans

(GAGs), TransCyte

(Dermagraft), 206– 7 Goulian knives, 135 gracilis muscle, perineum

contracture surgery, 278 grafts see skin grafts Graftskin (Apligraf ), 210 Gram- negative bacterial

infections, 152f, 152, 153

antimicrobial

management, 154t

Gram- positive bacterial

infections, 153

INDEX

antimicrobial

management, 154t

granulocyte- colony

stimulating factor (G-CSF), 22– 5, 24t, 30– 1

granulocyte- macrophage

colony- stimulating factor

(GM- CSF), 30– 1 grip strength, 230t groin, contracture sur-

gery, 278, 279f gross, sepsis, 363, 364f growth hormone (GH), 25

Haddon matrix, 11, 11t

third dimension, 12

HADS (Hospital Anxiety and

Depression Scale), 228t haematoma, take of skin

grafts, 140– 1 haematopoietic syn-

drome, whole- body

irradiation, 180 hair- bearing adhesive

protheses, 370 hair bearing skin, laser man-

agement of scars, 377 hair follicles, depth

assessment, 80 hair replacement, 367– 74

alopecia

classication, 370t management options, 370 surgery, 370, 371f, 372f

Hamilton Scar Scale

(HSS), 227t

hand burns, 191– 7

anatomy, 192 complex burns, 196 contracture

surgery, 246– 7, 254 deep partial thickness

burns, 196 evaluation, 193 extensor surface–

extension

contracture, 257 fasciotomy, 102f full thickness burns, 196 functions, 193 initial assessment, 193 initial management, 195 outcomes, 197 partial thickness

burns, 196 surface area estima-

tion, 70, 72f, 194f,

194, 194t surgery, 143 therapy, 197

445

446

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INDEX

446

hand burns (Contd)

vascular compromise

prevention, 195 haptoglobin, 31 Hartmann’s uid, 41,

64, 406

electrical burns, 175

The Healing

Foundation, 436

healing period, pain manage-

ment (analgesia), 384

healthcare workers,

radiation burn management, 181

Health Outcomes

Burn Questionnaire

(HOBQ), 229t heparin, 414t herpes simplex virus (HSV)

infection, 156 high voltage electrical

burns, 172, 173 Hirudo medicinalis

(leech), 153 histamine, 23t

itch, 318

histidine H2

antagonists, 408 history

anaesthesia, 119 initial management, 65 non- accidental injury

assessment, 312

HOBQ (Health

Outcomes Burn

Questionnaire), 229t horizontally mounted skin

graft knives, 135 Hospital Anxiety and

Depression Scale

(HADS), 228t hot water heaters, 15 HSS (Hamilton Scar

Scale), 227t HSV (herpes simplex virus)

infection, 156 hyaluronic acid

derivatives, 189 hybrid telemedicine, 296 hydrocolloids, wound

dressings, 148– 9 hydroexcision, 136 hydrouoric acid, 169t hydrogels, 149 hydrotherapy, chemical burn

management, 168 hydroxyzine, 413t Hypax®, 149 hyperaemic zone, 21f, 21 hyperalgesia, 386– 7 hyperbaric oxygen, 364 hyperglycaemia, 30– 1

hyperkalaemic response,

succinylcholine, 126

hypermetabolism, 29– 34,

322

attenuating

strategies, 32– 3 body composition, 30– 1 disgurement, 30– 1 hormonal imbalance, 30– 1 indirect calorimetry, 30– 1 inammatory

response, 30– 1 paediatric burns, 307 psychosocial

stressor, 30– 1 response to burns, 24t secondary body

changes, 25, 25t total body surface area

(TBSA), 30– 1

hyperpigmented scars,

management, 233 hypertonic albumin, 406 hypertrophic scars, 140

laser management, 377

management, 232 hyponatraemia, 92 hypopigmentation, 377 hypopigmented scars,

management, 233

hypovolaemia, 22

iatrogenic scars,

management, 233

ibuprofen

dosing regimens, 397

frostbite treatment, 362 ice, wound cooling, 62– 3 ICU (intensive care

unit), 46, 47f

IES (Impact of Events

Scale), 228t

IFN- γ

(interferon- γ), 24t, 30– 1

IGF- 1 (insulin- like g rowth

factor 1), 32– 3

IGFBP- 3 see insulin- like

growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP- 3)

IL- 1β (interleukin- 1β),

24t, 30– 1 IL- 2 (interleukin- 2), 24t IL- 5 (interleukin- 5), 24t IL- 6 (interleukin- 6),

22–5, 30– 1 IL- 7 (interleukin- 7), 31, 24t IL- 8 (interleukin- 8),

22– 5, 30– 1 IL- 10

(interleukin- 10), 31, 24t

IL- 11

(interleukin- 17), 31, 24t Iloprost, frostbite, 345 imaging

chemical burns, 167 electrical burns, 174 frostbite, 360 magnetic resonance

imaging, 360 radiation burns, 178 radiography

(X- rays), 178, 178t

immune system, depression

of, 31, 25– 6

immunouorescence

microscopy, 334

immunosuppression, viral

infections, 156

Impact of Events Scale

(IES), 228t Inadine®, 149 incendiary weapons, military

burns, 340, 344 incisions, contracture

surgery, 246– 7 India, aetiology of burns, 3t indirect calorimetry,

hypermetabolism, 30– 1 induced constipation, bowel

management, 201 infections, 151– 61

admission to hospital,

291

antimicrobial

management, 154t bacterial dynamics, 153 common bacteria, 152f critical care, 114 dosages in major

burns, 160 fungal, 156, 156t hypermetabolism, 32– 3 injury pattern and, 153 last- line therapy, 155 management, 154 military burns, 341 patient education, 291 topical antibacterial

therapy, 158, 158t viral, 156

inltration, surgery, 134 inammatory mediators, 33 inammatory responses

frostbite

pathophysiology, 358 hypermetabolism, 30– 1 response to

burns, 22– 5, 24t

inhalational injury, 111

anaesthesia history, 119 chemical burn

management, 168

https://t.me/med1917

uid resuscitation, 90 paediatric burns, 307 treatment, 307

initial assessment, surface

area assessment, 68

initial management, 64– 5

acute burn injury, 37 Advanced Trauma Life

Support (ATLS®), 64 analgesia, 65 assessment, 64 uid resuscitation, 64 history, 65 transport, 65

injection techniques,

tissue perfusion depth assessment, 86

injury mechanism, anaes-

thesia history, 119 Injury Severity Scores, 340 inpatient care, electrical

burns, 175 insulin- like growth factor 1

(IGF- 1), 32– 3 insulin- like growth factor

binding protein 3

(IGFBP- 3)

doses, 414t

hypermetabolism, 32– 3 insulin resistant burns, 324 Integra®, 139, 196, 208– 9 integration

telemedicine, 296

integumentary system,

high voltage electrical burns, 173

intensive care, multidiscip-

linary team, 44

intensive care unit

(ICU), 46, 47f Interburns, 435 interdigital web contractures,

hand, 257, 258f interface layer, wound

dressings, 148– 9 interferon- γ

(IFN- γ), 24t, 30– 1 interleukin- 1β

(IL- 1β), 24t, 30– 1 interleukin- 2 (IL- 2), 24t interleukin- 5 (IL- 5), 24t interleukin- 6

(IL- 6), 22– 5, 30– 1 interleukin- 7 (IL- 7), 31, 24t interleukin- 8

(IL- 8), 22– 5, 30– 1 interleukin- 10

(IL- 10), 31, 24t interleukin- 17

(IL- 17), 31, 24t International Society for

Burn Injuries, 435

intramuscular (IM) pain

management, 386

intraosseous lines, paediatric

burns, 305 Intrasite®, 149 intravenous access, paedi-

atric burns, 305 intravenous (IV)

analgesia, 386 intravenous immunoglobu-

lins (IVIg), 337 intravenous opioid

analgesics, 396 intrinsic contractures, 243 intrinsic predisposing factors,

frostbite, 354 intubation, paediatric

burns, 306 investigations, chemical

burns, 167 iodine, wound

dressings, 149 ionizing radiation, 178 island perforator- based aps

antecubital fossa contrac-

ture surgery, 266, 267f

axilla contracture

surgery, 261– 2

isolation precautions,

radiation burn

management, 181 Isopto Max®, 189 itch, 315– 20

assessment, 319 biology, 318 denition, 316 environment, 317 epidemiology, 318 injury type, 317 location, 317 neurotransmitters, 318 surgery, 317 total body surface

area, 317

types, 316

itch management, 290, 320

pharmaceutical

management, 413

physiotherapy, 220 Itch Man Scale, 319 Itch Severity Scale, 319 IV (intravenous)

analgesia, 386

IVIg (intravenous

immunoglobulins), 337

Jackson’s burn

model, 21f, 90

Jelonet® (Tulle

gauze), 146, 148

INDEX

joint burns

Integra®, 209 physiotherapy, 221

joint contracture, 243

diagnosis, 246– 7

Kaltostat®, 149 The Katie Piper

Foundation, 437

keloid scars

laser management, 377 management, 232

ketamine, 387, 113, 401

dosing regimens, 397

kinins, 23t

itch, 318 kissing burns, 173 Klebsiella pneumoniae

infection, 152f

antimicrobial

management, 154t colistin resistance, 155 military burns, 341

Klein, Mathew, 300 knee, contracture

surgery, 280 knives, surgery, 135 K wiring, foot & ankle con-

tracture surgery, 282

lactated Ringer’s

solution, 305 lactic acid, 306 lansoprazole, 408 large skin grafts, knees,

280 laser Doppler owmetry,

tissue perfusion depth

assessment, 84– 5 laser Doppler images

(LDIs), 84– 5

angle artefact, 86 interpretation, 85, 85t problems with, 85– 6

laser management of

scars, 375– 8

erythema, 377 hair bearing skin, 377 hypertrophic scars, 377 hypopigmentation, 377 keloids, 377 pigmentation, 377 post- procedural

considerations, 378 side eects, 378 texture inconsistence, 377

late contracture

surgery, 244

447

448

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INDEX

448

latissimus dorsi perforator

ap, neck contracture

surgery, 274 lavage, ocular burns, 185 LDIs see laser Doppler

images (LDIs) lean body mass (LBM)

burn physiology, 25t paediatric burns, 307

leech (Hirudo

medicinalis), 153 legs see lower limb length of stay, 230t lens turbidity, 188 LET (linear energy

transfer), 178 lidocaine

dosing regimens, 397

patches, 400 life roles, 216– 17 lightning, electrical

burns, 172

limbs

chemical burns, 166

lower see lower limb

outcome

measures, 226, 229t

upper see upper limbs linear band

contracture, 243

axilla contracture

surgery, 260 diagnosis, 246– 7 dierent scarring, 243 neck contracture

surgery, 272

linear energy transfer

(LET), 178 lipids in nutrition, 324 liposomal iodine

(Repithel®), 158t liver size,

hypermetabolism, 30– 1 LMUICs (low- and middle-

income countries), burn

incidence, 2 local anaesthesia,

escharotomies, 101 local aps

antecubital fossa contrac-

ture surgery, 266 contracture surgery, 250 hand contracture

surgery, 254– 5, 255f

local responses to

burns, 21f, 21

local transposition aps,

groin contracture surgery, 278

local wound treat-

ment, outpatient management, 290

longitudinal incisions,

escharotomies, 96

long- term dressings, paedi-

atric burns, 309

long- term sequelae,

frostbite, 366

low- and middle- income

countries (LMICs), burn incidence, 2

lower eyelids, contracture

surgery, 276

lower limb

ankle, contracture

surgery, 282– 3, 283f escharotomies, 98 fasciotomy, 104f, 104 feet, contracture

surgery, 282– 3, 283f outcome measures, 229t

low voltage, electrical

burns, 172

Lund and Bower chart, 40,

70, 71f

lung lavage

explosive weapon

trauma, 342 inhalational injury, 111

Lyrica see pregabalin (Lyrica)

mafenide acetate

(Sulfamylon), 158t, 341 magnesium sulphate, 414t magnetic resonance imaging

(MRI), frostbite, 360 male genitalia, delayed

reconstruction, 202 malignancies, face

transplantation

contra- indications, 381 mass casualties, 7, 7t Matriderm, 209– 10 maturation of skin

grafts, 140 mature scars,

management, 232 McGill pain score, 392 MCP- 1 (monocyte

chemoattractant pro-

tein1), 22– 5, 24t, 30– 1 MCPJs (metacarpophalangeal

joints), 257 mechanical ventilation,

weaning from, 112 MED (minimal erythema

dose), 349 medial arm ap, ax-

illa contracture

surgery, 260– 1, 261f medial incision, fasciotomy

of lower limb, 106

mediators of burn

injury, 23t

medical outcomes,

composite tissue allotransplantation, 381

medical team, multidiscip-

linary team, 44

medicolegal issues,

telemedicine, 296 Mex®, 149 meperidine, 387 Mepitel®, 148 Mersey Burns App, 70, 74f meshers, surgery, 135 metabolism

critical care, 115 response to

burns, 22– 5, 24t

metacarpophalangeal joints

(MCPJs), 257 metatarsophalangeal joints

(MTPJs), 282 methadone, 396

postoperative pain, 129 routes/ doses, 397t

methicillin- resistant

Staphylococcus aureus

(MRSA) infection, 154t microstomia, 277 microvascular

permeability, 22 midazolam, 113, 402

doses, 403t, 414t

military burns, 339– 46

causes, 340 chemical

weapons, 340, 344 epidemiology, 340 explosive

weapons, 340, 342– 3 general management, 340 incendiary

weapons, 340, 344 outcomes, 341 prevention, 341 radiation burns, 340

minimal erythema dose

(MED), 349

minor burns

denition, 286 management see out-

patient management

mobile telemedicine, 296 mobility maintenance, 291 monitoring

anaesthesia, 127 burn prevention, 13

monocyte chemo-

attractant protein 1 (MCP- 1), 22– 5, 24t

morbidity, outcome measure

as, 226, 228t

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morphine, 387, 394

doses, 414t intensive care dosing

recognitions, 397t

paediatric burn

analgesia, 309

routes/ doses, 397t

mortality

military burns, 341 prediction, 54 rate, 230t

mouth contracture

surgery, 277

MRI (magnetic resonance

imaging), frostbite, 360

MTPJs (metatarsophalangeal

joints), 282

Mucormycosis infections, 156

treatment, 156t

Muir and Barclay re-

suscitation protocol (1962), 92– 3, 406

multidisciplinary team

(MDT), 44 clinical psychology, 44 desquamating

skin disorders

management, 336 dieticians, 44 intensive care, 44 medical team, 44 nursing, 44 operating theatre, 44 rehabilitation, 44

multiple

contractures, 246– 7 multiple Y– Z plasties, 266 multiple Z plasties

axilla contracture

surgery, 260f, 260

wrist contracture

surgery, 270 mupirocin, 149 muscle- sparing drugs, 412

anabolic steroids, 412 nandralone, 412 oxandrolone, 412 propranolol, 412

musculoskeletal system

electrical burns, 175 explosive weapon

trauma, 342, 343

high voltage electrical

burns, 173 myoglobinuria, 93

treatment, 93

NAI see non- accidental

injury (NAI)

naloxone, 386– 7

nandralone, 412 nanocrystalline silver

dressings, 148– 9, 158t napalm, 344 naproxen, 397 nasal spray, alfentanil, 394– 5 nasogastric enteral

feeding, 322 nasojejunal enteral

feeding, 322 National Burns Bed

Bureau, 46 National Fire Protection

agency, 14– 15 National Institute for Clinical

Excellence (NICE), laser

Doppler images, 84– 5 National Network for Burn

Care, 42 neck

contracture

surgery, 273f, 274f

surgery, 143

necrotizing skin diseases

see desquamating skin

disorders neodermal products, com-

plex hand burns, 196 neurogenic pruritus, 316 neurokinin- 1 receptor

(NK-1), itch, 318 neurological system

high voltage electrical

burns, 173

itch, 318

neuropathic pain

analgesia, 400 analgesia

adjuvants, 388– 9

drug dosing regimens, 397 neuropathic pruritus, 316 neurotransmitters, itch, 318 neurovascular syn-

drome, whole- body

irradiation, 180 neutrons, 178t New Zealand, Australian

and New Zealand Burn

Association, 435 NICE, laser Doppler images

(LDIs), 84– 5 Nikolsky’s sign, 333 nitric acid, 169t NK- 1 (neurokinin- 1

receptor), itch, 318 non- accidental burns, 6, 39 non- accidental injury

(NAI), 311– 14

assessment, 312 dierential diagnosis, 314 mortality, 312 patterns of, 313

INDEX

perineal & genital

burns, 200

prevalence, 312 non- adherent dressings, 148 non- glabellar skin,

hand, 192

non- opioid

analgesics, 400– 1 dosing regimens, 397 see also amitriptyline;

gabapentin; ketamine; lidocaine; non- steroidal anti- inammatory drugs (NSAIDs); paracetamol (acetaminophen); pregabalin (Lyrica)

non- pharmacological ther-

apies, pain management

(analgesia), 389

non- steroidal anti-

inammatory drugs

(NSAIDs), 289, 388,

392, 400 dosing regimens, 397

noradrenaline (norepineph-

rine), 23t, 31, 407t doses, 414t

NSAIDs see non- steroidal

anti- inammatory drugs

(NSAIDs)

nurses/ nursing

contracture

prevention, 242

multidisciplinary team, 44

nutrition, 321– 6

early enteral nutrition in

paediatric burns, 308

energy require-

ments, 323, 323t enteral feeding, 322 food route and timing, 322 food types, 324 hypermetabolism, 32– 3 monitoring, 325 paediatric burns, 308 parenteral nutrition, 322 vitamins, 325, 325t

Nystatin, 158t

occlusive polyurethane lm

dressings, 149

occupational therapists, con-

tracture prevention, 242

occupational therapy, 214

partial thickness hand

burns, 196

ocular burns, 183– 90

chemical burns, 166, 168 clinical ndings, 184 clinical presentation, 188

449

450

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INDEX

450

ocular burns (Contd)

explosive weapon

trauma, 342, 343 rst aid, 185, 186– 7 grading

prognosis, 188, 188t medical treatment, 189 surgery, 189

oedema

frostbite

pathophysiology, 358 physiotherapy, 220

olecranon, contracture

surgery, 270 omeprazole, 408 operant conditioning,

pain management

(analgesia), 389 operating theatre, multidis-

ciplinary team, 44 ophthalmology

burns see ocular burns desquamating

skin disorders management, 336

opioid analgesics, 386– 7,

392, 394– 7

alfentanil, 394– 5 codeine, 396 fentanyl, 394 frostbite treatment, 362 intensive care dosing

recognitions, 397t intravenous, 396 methadone, 396 morphine, 394 oxycodone, 395 patient- controlled analgesia

(PCA), 387 remifentanil, 398, 395 routes, 397, 398f tramadol, 396

Opsite®, 149 organ dysfunction, pain man-

agement (analgesia), 386

outcome

measures, 225– 30, 226t adults, 226, 229t classications, 226 limbs, 229t morbidity, 226, 228t paediatric- specic, 229t physical eects, 226, 227t single variable, 230t

outpatient

management, 285– 92 admission, 291 assessment &

selection, 287– 8, 287t complications, 291 rst aid/ initial

management, 289

follow- up, 292 local wound

treatment, 290 patient education, 291 prevalence, 286

over- resuscitation, 306 oxalic acid, 169t oxandrolone, 25, 412

hypermetabolism, 32– 3

oxidants, chemical

burns, 165t

oxycodone, 395

routes/ doses, 397t

oxygen radicals, 23t

paediatric burns, 4, 303– 9

airways, 307 analgesia, 309 assessment, 306 contracture

surgery, 246– 7 uid resuscitation, 41 hypermetabolism, 307 hyponatraemia, 92 incidence, 4f initial evaluation, 304 lean body mass, 307 non- accidental burns, 6 nutrition, 308 outcome measures, 229t resuscitation, 305, 306 thermoregulation, 308 wound management, 309

pain, 230t

admission to hospital, 291 assessment, 385 Burn- Specic Pain Anxiety

Scale, 228t, 392 chronic pain

syndromes, 384 complex regional pain

syndromes, 384 hypermetabolism, 32– 3 management see pain man-

agement (analgesia) McGill pain score, 392 neuropathic pain see

neuropathic pain phantom limb pain, 384 postoperative care, 129

pain management

(analgesia), 383– 90, 392 adjuvants, 388– 9 choice of, 392 concurrent

medications, 392

contracture

prevention, 242 critical care, 113 drug monograph, 398f

frostbite, 345, 362 general aspects, 386 initial management, 65 non- opioid analgesics see

non- opioid analgesics

non- pharmacological

therapies, 389

opioids see opioid

analgesics

outpatient

management, 289 paediatric burns, 309 pain scores, 392 pathophysiology, 384 patient education, 291 pharmacological

therapies, 386– 9 physiotherapy, 220 psychological

therapies, 389 sedatives see sedatives surgery, 389 types, 386– 9

palm of the hand, 192

surface– exion

contractures, 255– 6 total body surface

area, 70

Pan African Burn

Society, 435

PAR- 1 (proteinase activation

receptor), 318

paracetamol (acetamino-

phen), 388, 400

dosing regimens, 397

parent characteristics,

non- accidental injury

assessment, 312 parenteral nutrition, 322 Parkland formula

(1968), 41, 92, 406 partial- thickness burns

area records, 40 deep see deep partial

thickness burns hand burns, 196 surgery, 142 TransCyte

(Dermagraft), 207

passive exercises, 221 pathophysiological response

to burns, 19– 27 local responses, 21f, 21 system eects, 25– 6, 26t systemic changes, 22– 6

Patient and Observer

Scar Assessment Scale

(POSAS), 227t

patient- controlled analgesia

(PCA), 387

patient

reception, 43– 50, 47f

https://t.me/med1917

patients

contracture

prevention, 242

education in outpatient

management, 291

perception in burn

reconstruction assessment, 238

pattern of injury,

frostbite, 354

PCA (patient- controlled

analgesia), 387

pedicled groin aps, 255– 6

hand extensor

surface– extension contracture, 257

wrist contracture

surgery, 270

Perceived Stigmatisation

Questionnaire (PSQ), 228t

perforator- based

aps, 260f, 260– 2

perineal & genital

burns, 199– 202 bowel management, 201 causes, 200 challenges in, 200 delayed

reconstruction, 202 initial management, 201 management

principles, 200 urinary management, 201 wound care, 201

perineum

contracture surgery,

278 delayed

reconstruction, 202

per oral (PO)

administration, 386

PGF2α (prostaglandin

F2α), 358, 359 phantom limb pain, 384 pharmaceuticals, 391– 416

antibiotics see antibiotics critical care, 115 drug doses, 414t uid- sparing drugs, 411 itch management, 320 muscle- sparing drugs see

muscle- sparing drugs

pain management/ anal-

gesia see pain management (analgesia)

vasopressors, 407