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APPENDIX 3
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432
BURN TBSA% CHART
Ignore simple erythema
Draw what is described
Estimated Burn TBSA
= %
Area Age 0 1 5 10 15 Adult
A= ½ of head 9½ 8½ 6½ 5½ 4½ 3½
B= ½ of one
thigh
C= ½ of one
lower leg
Body region Partial thickness (%) Full thickness (%)
Head
Neck
Anterior trunk
Posterior trunk
Right arm
Left arm
Buttocks
Genitalia
Right leg
Left leg
Total Burn
2¾ 3¼ 4 4½ 4½ 4¾
2½ 2½ 2¾ 3 3¼ 3½
ADMISSION PROFORMA
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Abdominal examination
Other injury specic examination ndings (e.g. eyes, ears)
Blood results
Electrocardiogram
Chest radiograph
Other investigations
Plan
Use separate sheet if required for resuscitation uids
(TBSA >15% or >10% in child)
Standard burns drug regimen:
433
Mechanical thromboprophylaxis: Yes/ No
Pharmacological thromboprophylaxis: Yes/ No
Gastric Protection: Yes/ No
Analgesia: Yes/ No
Multivitamins and other supplements: Yes/ No
Form completed by (sign and print name)
Designation and
Contact details
© Susie Zhi- Jie Yao with kind permission
434
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Appendix 4
Burn links
Burn Associations
British Burn Association
35– 43 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PE, UK
T:020 7869 6923
F:020 7869 6929
E:info@britishburnassociation.org
www.britishburnassociation.org
American Burn Association
ABA Central oce, 311 S.Wacker Drive, Suite 4150, Chicago, IL
60606, USA
T:(312) 642- 9260
F:(312) 642- 9130
E:info@ameriburn.org
http:// www.ameriburn.org
Australian and New Zealand Burn Association
PO Box 550, Albany Creek, QLD 4035, Australia
T:+61 7 3325 1030
F:+61 7 3325 1042
E:info@anzba.org.au
www.anzba.org.au
Pan African Burn Society
http:// www.pabs.co.za
European Burns Association
P.O. Box 1015, 1940 EA Beverwijk, The Netherlands
E:info@euroburn.org
F:+31(0)251 224408
www.euroburn.org
International Society forBurn Injuries
Elisabeth Greeneld, RN, MSN, 2172 US Highway 181 South,
Floresville, TX 781114, USA
E:lizals@tgti.net
www.worldburn.org
Interburns
Tom Potokar, Interburns, Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery,
Swansea, SA6 6NL, Wales, UK
E:oce@interburns.org
www.interburns.org
435
APPENDIX 4
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436
Research Bodies
The Healing Foundation
The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 35 - 43 Lincoln’s Inn Fields,
London, WC2A 3PE, UK
T:020 7869 6920
F:020 7869 6929
E:info@thehealingfoundation.org
www.thehealingfoundation.org
The Wound Healing Society
341 N.Maitland Ave., Suite 130, Maitland, Florida 32751, USA
T:+1 407- 647- 8839
E:info@woundheal.org
www.woundheal.org
The Surgical Materials Testing Laboratory (SMTL)
Princess of Wales Hospital Coity Road, Bridgend, South Wales, CF31
1RQ, UK
T:01656 752820
F:01656 752830
E:info@smtl.co.uk
www.smtl.co.uk
Tissue Viability Society
c/ o Professor Jane Nixon, Clinical Trials Research Unit (CTRU)
University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
www.tvs.org.uk
Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN)
Manchester Medical Academic Health Sciences Centre
University of Manchester, 3rd Floor, The Mayo Building
Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford
M6 8HD, UK
T:0161 206 4397
F:0161 206 4345
E:support@tarn.ac.uk
www.tarn.ac.uk
European Tissue Repair Society
Rue Cingria 7,Geneva, CH- 1205, Switzerland
T:+41 22 321 48 90
F:+41 22 321 48 92
www.etrs.org
European Wound Management Association
EWMA Secretariat, Nordre Fasanvej 113, 2. DK- 2000 Frederiksberg,
Denmark
T:+45 70 20 03 05
F:+45 70 20 03 15
E:ewma@ewma.org
www.ewma.org
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Scar Club
http:// www.scar- club.com/
UK Charities
The Katie Piper Foundation
Katie Piper Foundation, Building 3, Chiswick Park, 566 Chiswick High Road,
Chiswick, London W4 5YA, United Kingdom.
http:// www.katiepiperfoundation.org.uk/
Children’s Burns Trust
38 Buckingham Place Road, London. SW1W 0RE
T:020 7233 8333
F:020 7233 8200
E:info@cbtrust.org.uk
www.cbtrust.org.uk
Dan’s Fund forBurns
PO Box 54394, London,W2 7HJ,UK
T:020 7262 4039
F:020 7262 8546
E:info@dansfundforburns.org
www.dansfundforburns.org
Children’s Burns Foundation
4th Floor, MacLaren House, Lancastrian Oce Centre, Talbot Road,
Manchester, M32 0FP, UK
T:0161 359 3474
F:0161 872 2777
E:enq@cbf-uk.org
www.cbf- uk.org
The Burned Children’s Club
28 Malyons Place, Basildon, Essex, SS13 1PS, UK
T:0268- 527- 796
M:07876- 636- 415
E:burncamp@tiscali.co.uk
www.burnedchildrensclub.org.uk
British Association ofSkin Camouage
PO Box 3671, Chester, Cheshire, CH1 9QH, UK
T:01254 703 107
http:// www.skin- camouage.net
Changing Faces
The Squire Centre, 33- 37 University Street, London, WC1E 6JN, UK.
T:0845 4500 275 or 0207 391 9270.
F:0845 4500 276
E:info@changingfaces.org.uk
www.changingfaces.org.uk
Burn Support Group Database
http:// www.burnsupportgroupsdatabase.com
APPENDIX 4
437
APPENDIX 4
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438
Research Journals
Scars, Burns & Healing (SAGE)
https:// uk.sagepub.com/ en- gb/ eur/ scars- burns- healing/ journal202486
Burns (Elsevier)
http:// www.journals.elsevier.com/ burns/
Journal of Burn Care and Research (LWW)
http:// journals.lww.com/ burncareresearch/ pages/ default.aspx
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Index
Figures, tables and boxes are indicated by an italic f, t or b following the page number.
439
A
ABA see American Burn
Association (ABA)
Abbreviated Burn Severity
Index (ABSI)(1982), 54
Abbreviated Burns Specic
Health Scale, 319
abdomen
compartment
syndrome, 100
escharotomies, 100f
surgery, 143
abdomen surgery,
escharotomies, 100
absorbent layer, wound
dressings, 149
abuse, 39
AC (alternating current),
electrical burns, 172
acetic acid, infection
management, 158t
acetylcholine, itch, 318
α 1- acid glycoprotein, 30– 1
acidic burns, 165
Acinetobacter baumannii in-
fection, 152f, 153, 341
antimicrobial
management, 154t
Acticoat®, 148– 9
active exercise, joint range
of motion, 221
acute burn injury, 36
emergency department,
transfer to, 38
initial management, 37
patient
acceptance, 46– 8, 47f
referral information, 46
acute care cost, 300
acute- phase proteins, 24t
Acute Physiology and
Chronic Health
Evaluation (APACHE)
score see APACHE
(Acute Physiology
and Chronic Health
Evaluation) score
acute radiation syn-
drome, whole- body
irradiation, 180
acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS), 112
adhesive layer, wound
dressings, 149
adjuncts, itch, 320
admission
outpatient
management, 291
transfer of patients, 50
admission proforma, A3
transfer of patients, 50
adrenaline, 23t, 24t
doses, 414t
adults, outcome
measures, 226, 229t
Advanced Trauma Life
Support (ATLS®), 38
uid resuscitation, 41
initial management, 64
military burns
management, 340
Aeromonas spp infections
antimicrobial
management, 154t
burn injury type, 153
aetiology of burns, 3t
outpatient management
selection, 287– 8
age
incidence of burns, 2f, 2
outpatient management
selection, 287– 8
surgery planning, 132– 3
see also elderly
airways
anaesthesia, 126
breathing, 112
critical care, 111
see also acute re-
spiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS)
paediatric burns, 304– 9
physical examination, 120
albumin, hypertonic, 406
alcohol consumption, 5
face transplantation
contra- indications, 381
alfentanil, 394– 5
doses, 414t
intensive care dosing
recognitions, 397t
routes/ doses, 397t
alginates, dressing absorbent
layer, 149
Allen’s test, vascular
integrity, 193
allergies, medication, past
medical history, last
ate and drank, events
(AMPLE), 46
Alloderm®, 139, 208
allografts, 207
wound closure, 138
alpha 2 adrenergic
agonists, 129
alpha particles, 178, 178t
alternating current (AC),
electrical burns, 172
American Burn Association
(ABA), 435
amino acid, 409
amiodarone, 414t
amitriptyline, 400
dosing regimens, 397
amphoteres, 186
amphotericin, 410
AMPLE (allergies, medica-
tion, past medical history, last ate and drank,
events), 46
amputation, 137
anabolic steroids, 412
anaesthesia, 117– 23
agent selection, 126
airway management, 126
contracture
prevention, 242
diagnostic studies, 121
face & neck contracture
surgery, 277
uid management, 128
history, 119
intraoperative
management, 125– 30
local anaesthesia in
escharotomies, 101
monitoring, 127
physical examination, 120
preoperative
examination, 118
surgical plan, 122
thermal regulation, 129
vascular access, 127
analgesia see pain manage-
ment (analgesia)
androgenic hormones,
hypermetabolism, 32– 3
A nerve bres, pain
management, 384
angiotensin II, 23t
ankle, contracture
surgery, 282– 3, 283f
antecubital fossa, contrac-
ture surgery, 266f,
266– 8, 267f, 268f
anterior incision, lower limb
fasciotomy, 106
440
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INDEX
440
anterior knee, contracture
surgery, 280
antero- lateral thigh aps,
neck contracture
surgery, 274
antibiotics, 410
broad- spectrum prophy-
lactic antibiotics, 362
eye ointment, 276– 7
frostbite
treatment, 345, 362
ocular burns, 189
respiratory system, 410
see also
antimicrobial agents
anti- emetics, radiation burn
treatment, 182
antihistamines, 389
dosing regimen, 413t
itch management, 413
anti- hydrouoric acid
therapy, ocular
burns, 186
antimicrobial agents
infections, 154t
military burn
infections, 341
see also antibiotics
anxiety
analgesia adjuvants, 388– 9
hypermetabolism, 32– 3
APACHE (Acute Physiology
and Chronic Health
Evaluation) score, 54
bacterial infections and, 152
Apligraf (Graftskin, 210
Aquacel®, 149
Aquacel®Ag, 149
ARDS (acute respiratory dis-
tress syndrome), 112
area of burn assessment, 40
arms see upper limbs
arterial catheters, 127
Articoat, 341
articial tanning, 348
ascorbic acid
(vitaminC), 325t,
409, 409t
Aspergillus infections, 156
treatment, 156t
assessment
initial management, 64
remote see remote
assessment
asymmetric Z aps,
antecubital fossa contrac-
ture surgery, 266f, 266
Australia
aetiology of burns, 3t
Australian and New
Zealand Burn
Association, 435
autografts
full thickness burn
surgery, 142– 3
Integra®, 209
wound closure, 138
B
Bactroban®, 149
barotrauma, explosive
weapons, 342
base burns, 165
base decit, paediatric
burn resuscitation
assessment, 306
Baux score (1961), 54
Beck Depression Inventory
(BDI), 228t
Becker aps, 255– 6
hand extensor
surface– extension
contracture, 257
beclomethasone spray,
radiation burn
treatment, 182
Belgian Outcome in Burn
Injury (BOBI) score
(2009), 54
beliefs, burn rst aid, 60
benzodiazepines, 389, 402
β - adrenergic receptor
blockade, 32– 3
Betadine®, 149
beta particles, 178, 178t
Biobrane®, 149, 206
partial- thickness burn
surgery, 142
wound closure, 139
biological dressings, wound
closure, 138
biological outcome
measures, 227t
biosynthetic dressings, 149
local wound
treatment, 290
blanching, depth
assessment, 80
bleeding, postoperative
care, 129
blisters
frostbite treatment,
362
local wound
treatment, 290
blood gas analysis,
anaesthesia, 121
blood loss, anaesthesia
considerations, 122
blood products,
surgery, 134
blood tests, transfer of
patients, 50, 51t
BM- CP (Burns Modied
Liverpool Care
Pathway), 56, 57f
BOBI (Belgian Outcome
in Burn Injury) score
(2009), 54
body composition,
hypermetabolism, 30– 1
bone marrow failure, 182
bowel management, peri-
neal& genital burns, 201
breathing, 112
see also acute respiratory
distress syndrome
(ARDS); inhalational injury; respiratory system
British Association of Skin
Camouage, 437
British Burn
Association, 435
SAFE approach, 62
British Burns Association,
Therapy Standards, 218
broadband contracture, 243
dermal substitutes, 250
broad- spectrum prophy-
lactic antibiotics, frostbite
treatment, 362
bronchoscopy
anaesthesia, 121
inhalational injury, 111
BSHS (Burn Specic Health
Scale), 228t
BSPAS (Burn- Specic Pain
Anxiety Scale), 228t, 392
buccal spray,
alfentanil, 394– 5
Buck’s fascia, delayed
reconstruction, 202
buers, ocular burns, 186
burn associations, 435
burn care referral
criteria, A2
The Burned Children’s
Club, 437
burn- induced pruritus, anal-
gesia adjuvants, 388– 9
burn links, 435– 8
burns management
pathwayI, 35– 42
burns management
pathwayII, 43– 50
see also transfer of patients
Burns Modied Liverpool
Care Pathway
(BM- LCP), 56, 57f
Burn Specic Health Scale
(BSHS), 228t
Burn- Specic Pain Anxiety
Scale (BSPAS), 228t, 392
burn- specic scoring
systems, 54
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Burn Support Group
Disabilities, 437
Burrow triangles, mouth
contracture surgery, 277
C
cadaveric skin, surgery, 135
cadexomer iodine, infection
management, 158t
calamine lotion, itch
management, 413
calorimetry, indirect, 30– 1
cancer, face transplantation
contra- indications, 381
Cape Town Modied Burn
Score (1998), 54
capillary rell, paediatric
burn resuscitation
assessment, 306
carbohydrates, 324
cardiac history, elderly, 64
cardiac index, 25
cardiac injury, electrical
burns, 175
cardiac output (CO), 22
hypermetabolism, 30– 1
cardiovascular system
high voltage electrical
burns, 173
physiotherapy, 221
response to burns, 22
catastrophic burns, 79
clinical assessment, 83t
see also
fourth- degree burns
catecholamines, 22– 5, 33,
23t, 24t
catheterization, urinary
management, 201
CEA see cultured epithelial
autograft (CEA)
Cedecia lapigei
infections, 153
cellular injury, frostbite
pathophysiology, 358
cellular telemedicine, 296
central system, explosive
weapon trauma, 342
cerium nitrate
(Flammacerium®), 158t
cerium nitrate, silver
sulfadiazine and see
Flammacerium
Changing Faces, 437
chemical burns, 163– 70
classication, 165, 165t
clinical features, 166
general features, 166
imaging, 167
incidence, 3t
initial management, 37
®
investigations, 167
management, 168– 9, 169t
outpatient management
selection, 287– 8
pathophysiology, 166
specic features, 169t
subsequent care, 170
workup, 167
chemical weapons, military
burns, 340, 344
chemokines, 22– 5
chest
assessment in paediatric
burns, 304
escharotomies, 100f, 100
surgery, 143
chest radiography
anaesthesia, 121
inhalational injury, 111
child abuse, 6
see also non- accidental
injury (NAI)
children
burns see paediatric burns
child- resistant lighters, 14
nightwear safety, 14– 15
non- accidental injury
assessment, 312
tetanus immunization, 328
Children’s Burns
Foundation, 437
Children’s Burns Trust, 437
chitosan, 159t
chlorhexidine, 114
chlorphenamine, 413t
chromic acid, 169t
chronic pain
syndromes, 384
cigarette burns, non-
accidental injury, 313
cigarettes, re- safe, 15
circulation, critical care, 113
circumferential burns, 40
anaesthesia, 120
escharotomies, 96
Clarke’s sign, depth
assessment, 80
classical conditioning,
pain management
(analgesia), 389
cleansing, local wound
treatment, 290
clinglm, 63, 146
clinical assessment, depth
assessment, 83t
clinical modalities, depth
assessment, 80
clonidine, 388, 403
doses, 403t, 414t
postoperative pain, 129
Clostridium tetani infection
see tetanus
INDEX
CMV (cytomegalovirus)
infection, 156
C nerve bres, 384
CO see cardiac output (CO)
coagulation screen, 51t
Cochrane review
(2013), local wound
treatment, 290
codeine, 396, 397t
cognitive techniques,
pain management
(analgesia), 389
cold burns, 345
see also frostbite
cold water, wound
cooling, 62– 3
colimycin, 410
colistin, 155
colloid solutions, 406
anaesthesia, 128
colostomy, temporary
diverting, 201
combination
therapies, 32– 3
communication, burn
reconstruction, 236
co- morbidities, 5t
anaesthesia history, 119
infection
management, 155
outpatient management
selection, 287– 8
surgery planning, 132– 3
compartment pressure,
escharotomies, 96
compartment syndrome
abdomen, 100
electrical burns, 174
frostbite treatment, 363
complement, 29– 34
complex hand burns, 196
complex regional pain
syndromes, 384
complications, outpatient
management, 291
composite tissue
allotransplantation
(CTA), 380
outcomes, 381, 382f
concurrent medications,
pain management
(analgesia), 392
conjunctiva, ocular
burns, 188
constipation, induced, 201
constriction, hand
burns, 195
contact burns
denition, 10
incidence, 3t
contractures, 243
diuse, 266– 8, 268f
441
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