Строительно-техническая экспертиза автомобильных дорог. Учебное пособие
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ɫɪɚɜɧɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ
ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ
ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɟ ɝɞɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨ ɪɵɯ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɹ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɟ
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɟ ± ɷɬɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɨɬɪɚɠɚ ɸɳɢɣ ɯɨɞ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɦ ȼɚɠɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ ɱɬɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɱɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ > ɫɬ @ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɟ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ
ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɨɪɝɚɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɨ ɥɢɰɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɜɲɢɦ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɭɸ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɭ
ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɨɛ ɷɤɫ ɩɟɪɬɟ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɹ ɢɦɹ ɨɬɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɚɠ ɪɚ ɛɨɬɵ ɭɱɟɧɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɨɟ ɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨ ɪɵɦ ɩɨɪɭɱɟɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ
ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɊɎ ɨɛ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɞɚɱɭ ɡɚɜɟɞɨɦɨ ɥɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɟɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɞɟɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ
ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɜɲɢɯ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞ ɫɬɜɟ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟ ɬɨɞɨɜ
ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɜɵ ɜɨɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨ ɜɚɧɢɟ
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɜɜɨɞɧɭɸ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɭɸ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɪɟɡɨɥɸɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ
ȼ ɜɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɟ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɥɢɰɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɜɲɟɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɭ ɦɨɝɥɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢ ɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɩɵɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɉɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɟ ɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɢɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɟ ɞɟɥɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɤɚɤɢɦ ɞɟɥɨɦ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɞɟɥɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɨɞ ɜɢɞ ɷɤɫ ɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɢ ɞɚɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɬɚ ɩɨ ɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɭ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɜɲɟɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɭ
ɩɪɢɫɥɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɭɩɚ ɤɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɯ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɷɤɫɩɟɪ ɬɨɦ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɪɟɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɦ ɩɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ
ɛɟɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ"ª ©Ʉɬɨ ɛɵɥ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɧɚ ɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɟɥ ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ"ª
ɂɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ
ɋɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ȼ ɧɟɣ ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɬɨɝɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ ɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɗɬɨɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɨɞ ɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟɦɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ
Ɋɟɡɨɥɸɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ. Ɉɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟ ɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ± ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ
ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ± ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɱɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɦ ɫɬɨɥɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ©ɉɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɩɪɨ ɰɟɫɫɚ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɧɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨª ɗɬɨ ɧɟ ɹɜ ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ©ɂɦɟɟɬ ɥɢ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨ ɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ"ª ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɪɚɡ ɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɧɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɥɢ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡ ɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɶ
ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚ ɦɨ ɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɭ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɟɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟ ɫɤɨɦ ɨɩɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɦɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɫɵɥɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ ɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɞɟɥɭ
ȼɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɜɟɪɨ ɹɬɧɵɟ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɭɬɜɟɪɞɢɬɟɥɶ
ɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ ± ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɦɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ ± ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɦɵɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɞ ɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɦɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟ ɝɨ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɬɨɣ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚ ɜ ɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɨ ɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ Ɉɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ± ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɫɭɬ ɫɬɜɢɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɛɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɍɫɥɨɜ ɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɛɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯ ɞɟɥɚ ɥɢɛɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ ɥɟɧɢɢ ɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɟɫɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ
ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɸ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚɍɬɜɟɪɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ȼ ɭɬɜɟɪɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɵɜɨ
ɞɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɚ ɜ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ± ɟɝɨ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ (ɩɨ ɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ). ȼ ɜɵɜɨɞɚɯ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɤɨɧ ɫɬɚɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɛɨ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨ ɲɥɨɦ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ȼ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɜɵɜɨɞɚɯ ɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɫɫɟɪɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɲɶ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɚɤɬ ɧɨ ɧɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ȼɵɜɨɞɵ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɚɩɨɞɢɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɬɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨ
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɦ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢ ɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɬɚɛɥ
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4 |
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Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɟ |
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ɩɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ |
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Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ |
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
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ɞɥɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ |
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ |
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ɜɵɜɨɞɚ |
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ɮɚɤɬɵ |
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ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ |
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ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ |
ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɣ |
Ɉɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ |
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ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚɦɢ |
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ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ |
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Ʌɢɱɧɵɣ |
ȼɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ |
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ɨɞɧɢɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɦ |
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Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ |
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ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ |
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Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɧɵɟ |
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ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ |
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Ⱦɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɟ |
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ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ |
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ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ |
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ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɟ |
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ɇɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ |
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ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ |
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ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ |
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ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ |
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ȼɵɜɨɞ |
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ |
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ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɟ |
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ɨ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ |
ɢɡɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɲɢɟ |
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ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ |
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ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ |
ɟɝɨ ɤ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɭ |
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ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦ |
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Ɏɚɤɬɨɜ ɧɟ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɨ |
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ȼɵɜɨɞ |
ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɚɤɬ |
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ɢɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɧɟɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵ |
ɨ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ |
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ |
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ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ |
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ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚ |
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ |
ɢɥɢ ɥɢɰɭ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɜɲɟɦɭ |
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ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɭ |
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ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɟɦɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚ ɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɉɨɞ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɨɲɢɛɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɩɪɟɞɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɜɥɟɤɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ Ɉɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɧɚɪɭ ɠɟɧɵ
ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɟ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɦ ɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟ ɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɢ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɟɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɟ ɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨ ɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɫɭɞɨɦ
ɩɪɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟ ɥɹɯ
ɉɪɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɨ ɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɪɢɫ
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɑɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ 
ɤɨɦɩɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚ ɷɤɩɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
Ɋɢɫ Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɫɬɢ ɱɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɟɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ȽɅȺȼȺ ɈɋɇɈȼɕ ɋɌɊɈɂɌȿɅɖɇɈɃ ɗɄɋɉȿɊɌɂɁɕ ȼɁȺɂɆɈɋȼəɁɂ ȼɂȾɈȼ ɗɄɋɉȿɊɌɂɁ
Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɛɭɞɭɱɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧ ɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɯ
ɜɢɞ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨ ɢɯ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɭ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɟɫɬɚɜɪɚɰɢɢ
ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜ ɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟ ɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɧɟɞɜɢɠɢɦɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸ ɳɢɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɦɟ ɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞ ɫɬɜɚ Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɵ ɧɚɪɭ ɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɧɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɨɛɪɚ ɠɟɧɵ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɢ ɩɪɚ ɜɢɥ Ʉ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟ ɮɟɤɬɨɜ
ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɨɫɭ ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɤɚ ɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɫɦ ɪɢɫ ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ ȿɫɥɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚ ɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɨɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ
ɇɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨ ɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ Ɉɬ ɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨ ɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɨ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɉɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɭɬɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɪɟ ɦɨɧɬɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɧɚ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨ ɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɝɨɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ
ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɞɜɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ
ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɗɬɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɧɵɟ ɫɢ ɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɹɞɱɢɤɨɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ʋ ɎɁ > ɫɬ @ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɢɠɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ
ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɞɶɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɥɢɰɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɞɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɦɟɬɚ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟ ɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɧɟɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɫɬɵ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ ɠɢɥɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɞɚ ɧɢɹ ɷɫɬɚɤɚɞɵ
ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɶ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɵ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢ ɤɚɰɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɢɯ ɜɨɡ ɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵ ɢ ɜɤɥɸ ɱɚɸɬ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ ɫɨɛ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɨɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɫ Ɂɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɪɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɉɨɫɥɟɞ ɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɐɟɥɶ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɬɢ ɩɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɵɛɪɚɧ ɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬ ɤɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ȼɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ± ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɰɢɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɬ ± ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɫɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫ ɪɵɧɨɱ ɧɵɦɢ ɰɟɧɚɦɢ
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ ± ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɦ ɢ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ-ɫɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɪɟ ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɫɬɪɨ ɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
Ʉ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɟ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɯɚ ɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɭɬɨɱɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ ɨɫɨɛɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɢ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɫ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪ ɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɚ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɦɟɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɟ ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧ ɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɧɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɦ ɪɵɧ ɤɚɯ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɜɵɛɨɪ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɬɪɚɫɫɵ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɨɰɢ ɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɬɪɚɫɫɵ