Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции. Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку

money or provide credit are called creditors. People who borrow money or buy on credit are called debtors. Debtors usually pay creditors additional money over the amount borrowed for the privilege of using the credit. This additional money owed to the creditor is called the finance charge. It is based on the interest charged plus other fees.

General Types of Credit

The two general types of credit are unsecured and secured. Unsecured credit is credit extended in exchange for a promise to repay in the future. The buyer is not required to pledge property in order to obtain the credit. Most credit cards are examples of unsecured credit.

Secured credit is credit for which the consumer must put up some property of value, called collateral, as protection in the event the debt is not repaid. A borrower who does not make the required payments is said to default on the loan. If a borrower defaults, the lender can take the collateral.

The Cost of Credit

The cost of credit includes interest and other finance charges. Because there are different methods for calculating interest rates, you should always ask lenders for the annual percentage rate (APR). This number is calculated the same way by all lenders, so you can use it to compare rates.

Interest Rates. Each state sets limits on the amount of interest that can be charged for various types of credit. Charging any amount above the legal limit is called usury. Lenders who charge interest rates above the legal maximum may be liable for both civil and criminal penalties.

Some companies now offer variable interest rates. With a variable rate, the amount of interest you are charged changes from time to time and is calculated based on financial market indicators. That means your rate can go up or down with changing economic conditions. When the rate changes, your payments will change. While your payments may start out low, they could increase over time if the rate goes up.

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Other charges. Besides the interest paid on a credit sale, there are sometimes other charges that may be added onto the basic price. These include:

■■Credit property insurance — insures the purchased item against theft or damage.

■■Credit life / disability insurance — guarantees payment of the balance due if the buyer should die or become disabled during the term of the contract.

■■Service charge — covers the seller’s cost of book-keeping, billing, and so on.

■■Penalty charge — covers the seller’s inconvenience in case of late payments, may include court costs, repossession expenses, and attorney’s fees.

3. Find the equivalents for the following words and expressions in the text.

Брать взаймы, давать в долг, должник, стоимость всех элементов кредита, получить кредит, необеспеченный кредит, закладывать собственность, кредит под залог имущества, гарантия, поручительство, отказ выплачивать долги, изымать за неплатеж, фактическая стоимость кредита, ростовщичество, сильно различаться, плавающая процентная ставка, базисная ставка, штраф, несвоевременная оплата, ведение бухгалтерских книг, неудобство, страхование.

4. Answer the questions.

1. What is credit? Who are creditors and debtors?

2. Do debtors usually pay creditors additional money over the amount borrowed? Why?

3.What are two general types of credit?

4.What is a collateral?

5.What can the lender do if the borrower defaults?

6.What is usury? What happens to lenders who charge interest rates above the legal maximum?

7.What do you know about variable interest rates?

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8.What other charges besides the interest paid on a credit sale may be added onto the basic price?

9.Have you ever obtained a credit? If no, would you?

5. Match the terms on the left with the correct definitions on the right.

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6. Translate the following sentences into English.

1.Брать кредит — это значит пользоваться товарами и услугами сейчас в обмен на обещание оплатить их позднее.

2.За право пользоваться кредитом дебиторы обычно выплачивают кредиторам дополнительные деньги, помимо суммы своей задолженности.

3.Стоимость всех элементов кредита складывается из процентов на капитал и других выплат.

4.Существуют два основных вида кредита — обеспеченный

инеобеспеченный.

5.Для получения необеспеченного кредита должнику не требуется закладывать собственность как залог возвращения кредита.

6.При необеспеченном кредите в случае невыплаты должником кредита, залоговая собственность изымается в счет погашения долга.

7.Взимание большей процентной ставки по кредиту, чем разрешено по законодательству, является незаконным.

7. Prepare the retelling of the text.

Revision of Part 2.

1. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.

1.Сегодня некоторые компании предлагают плавающую процентную ставку, при которой процент начислений по кредиту может время от времени меняться в зависимости от изменения экономической ситуации.

2.Несовершеннолетние тоже вправе заключать контракты, но могут отказаться от исполнения обязательств по ним.

3.Необходимо тщательно изучить предлагаемый вам контракт и понимать все его пункты, прежде чем подписать его.

4.Если товар не соответствует установленным техническим характеристикам, то покупатель вправе воспользоваться гарантийными обязательствами продавца и потребовать либо

вкороткий срок устранить неисправность, либо вернуть затраченную на его покупку сумму денег.

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5. Существует целый ряд преимуществ при разбирательстве дела в суде мелких тяжб.

2. Translate the following words and word combinations from English into Russian.

Small claims court, warranties, civil court, fee, to incur a loss, evidence, witness, evidence, consumers, merchants, minors, mutual agreement, bargain, to exchange, to ratify a contract, unenforceable, unconscionable, clause of a contract, to breach a contract, implied warranty, express warranty.

3. Translate the following situations from English into Russian, answer the questions that follow it and then make your own questions.

a)Janine takes a floor-length dress that originally belonged to her mother to the dry cleaner. When she picks it up, she finds several holes in it. The store claims that the holes were there when the garment was brought in. Janine is certain that they are the result of the cleaning.

b)The Gonzales family hires the Weedout Chemical Company to spray their lawn twice a month during May, June, July, and August. Weedout sends a monthly bill. By June 10, Weedout has not yet sprayed, although it sent a bill in May, which the Gonzales family paid. Weedout is behind schedule with its spraying because there is a great demand for its product, a successful new formula not yet available from other local companies.

Questions.

If the consumer has to go to court in each of the two situations, what will the best remedy be? Why?

Could any of these situations result in a criminal prosecution?

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Part 3

Reading and discussion material

Section 1

Kinds of Crime

1. Complete the following chart.

1.People broke into our house and stole our video camera ______

_______________________________

2.Youth attacked her in the street and ran off with her handbag. __

_______________________________

3.The pilot was forced to take the plane to Tashkent. __________

_______________________________

4.Having made no profit that year, he set fire to his own factory. __

_______________________________

5.He threatened to tell the newspapers unless he got a thousand pounds. ________________________

6.The boy would be harmed unless his parents paid the money. __

_______________________________

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7.They were accused of deliberately smashing the phone box____

_______________________________

8.His wallet was stolen from his back pocket. ________________

_______________________________

9.The film star had been followed by the same man for months __

_______________________________

10.They accessed the information from government computer systems ________________________

11.Someone has stolen my purse from the desk. _______________

_______________________________

12.He helped the criminal by making a passport for him________

_______________________________

Section 2

Newspaper Crime Reports

Read five newspaper articles and choose suitable headings for them from the following: Escape charge, Policeman convicted of punching hippy, Heysel case, Home to prison, Murder charges.

1)Three men appeared before magistrates in Hertford accused of murdering PC Frank Mason, who died during an armed hold-up at a bank in Hemel Hempstead. Charles McGhee, 30, of Luton, Perry Wharrie, 28, of Lee, south London, and James Hurley, 26, of Luton, and a fourth man, Robert McFarland, of Luton, accused of disposing of property to impede the arrest of the three, were all remanded in custody for 3 days.

2)A man appeared in Marylebone magistrates court in London yesterday, accused of escaping police custody at a hospital 13 months ago. Alan Knowlden, 36, was also charged with conspiring to commit armed robbery. He was remanded in custody to appear at Lambeth Magistrates Court next Friday.

3)Stephen Syratt, a Wiltshire police sergeant, was found guilty yesterday in Winchester Crown Court of causing actual bodily harm to a member of the 1985 Stonehenge hippy peace convoy. He was sentenced to three months’ imprisonment, suspended for 12 months.

The court was told that Syratt, aged 34, of Swindon, who had served for 17 years, had punched a prisoner at Amesbury police station.

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He would almost certainly be dismissed from his £12,000-a-year job and lose his pension rights, Mr Justice Swinton Thomas said.

4)The trial in Belgium of 26 British football fans on charges arising out of the 1985 Heysel Stadium disaster will open in Brussels today, and be adjourned until the autumn. Belgian defence lawyers will appeal for suspension because they have not had sufficient access to evidence.

5)Brussels — A convention signed here yesterday should mean that the 26 Britons wanted in Belgium in connection with the 1985 Heysel football riot would be allowed to serve jail sentences in Britain if they are convicted here, David Usborne writes.

The accord, signed by 10 states, including Britain and Belgium, guarantees that people convicted in an EC state other than their own will have the right to serve the sentance in their home country.

The Belgian Justice Minister, Jean Gol, confirmed that the convention would apply to the wanted Britons if they are finally tried. ‘There would be no problem if these people wanted to do their term in the UK’, he said.

A similar convention on the transfer of convicts already exists in the 21-member Council of Europe, but has never been ratified by Belgium.

Belgian efforts to extradite the 26 Britons suffered a serious setback 3 months ago when the case failed in the High Court because of a legal technicality. Proceedings have now been resumed.

Section 3

Read the two case histories below and decide which offences Jack and Annette have committed.

Jack Thatcher Like his father, Jack Thatcher is a jailbird — at the age of 40 he has spent most of his life in prison for various offences of violence and theft. He comes from a broken home, has had no real education and has never had a job. The only way he knows to make money is by stealing it. When he came out of prison last week, he decided to rob a village post office. During the robbery, the postmaster tried to ring the alarm, so Jack hit him on the head with his gun. At that moment a customer came into the post office. She screamed. In panic, Jack shouted at her to keep quiet. When she

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continued to scream, he shot her. Jack thought quickly. He took a box of matches from his pocket and set fire to the building, then escaped with the money.

Annette Forbes. Annette Forbes is head of the marketing division of GMC, the computer company. She went to university, has a good job and enjoys a happy family life. She has always been a ‘law-abiding citizen’. One day she arrived a little late for work, and had to park her car in a no-parking zone. She took a client out for a business lunch and drank a gin and tonic, half a bottle of wine and a liqueur to celebrate an important new contract. When driving back to work, she was stopped by a policeman, who tested her breath for alcohol. He told her she had drunk too much and would be disqualified from driving for a year. Annette (who needs her car for her job) suggested he might ‘forget’ about the offence in return for a brand new GMC home computer. That afternoon, Annette remembered that she had no more writingpaper at home. As usual, she took a new packet of paper from the office and a box of six pencils.

Questions for discussion.

1.If they are charged and convicted of all their offences, what sentences do you think Jack and Annette will receive?

2.In your opinion, what is the most suitable punishment for Jack and Annette?

3.Do you think they will commit other offences in future? Why / why not?

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Список использованной литературы

1.Аванесян, Ж. Г. Английский язык для юристов : учеб. пособие. - М. : Высшая школа, 2003.

2.Назарова, Н. Б. Английский для юристов. Практикум по коммерческому праву / Н. Б. Назарова, Е. Б. Коробова. - М. : Менеджер, 2002.

3.Riley, A. English for Law / A. Riley. - Edinburgh : Pearson Education Limited, 2001.

Учебное издание

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК В СФЕРЕ ЮРИСПРУДЕНЦИИ

Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку

Авторы-составители: Гаврилова Юлия Викторовна, Кильченко Юлия Сергеевна

Компьютерная верстка Г. Г. Кротовой

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