Железобетонные и каменные конструкции. Монолитное железобетонное ребристое перекрытие с балочными плитами. Учебное пособие
.pdfo% “) 2 …%!A=2,"…/., !=“) 2…/.…=+!3ƒ%*, L“2"3E?,.…= 1 A2 C>,2/, "/C%>…,A " 2=K>,)…%L -%!A (2=K>.1).
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Š = K > , = 1 |
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Нормативная |
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Расчетная |
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Наименование нагрузки |
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γ ′ |
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нагрузка, |
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нагрука, кн/м |
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кн/м2 |
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Постоянная |
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Собственный вес плиты hпл |
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gплn |
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1,1 |
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gпл |
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Собственный вес пола |
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gполn |
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1,2–1,3 |
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gпол |
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“Полезная” временная |
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pn |
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1,2 |
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o!, C% “) 2 !=“) 2…/. …=+!3ƒ%* 3),2/"=E2“ |
*%.--, ,- |
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…2/ …= ›…%“2, C% …=+!3ƒ* . |
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d> C%“2% ……/. …=+!3ƒ%* .2, *%.--, , …2/ C!,…,A=E2: |
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γf |
= 1,1O > C>,2/; |
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γf |
= 1,2#1,3O > C%>=; |
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> œC%> ƒ…%LB "! A ……%L …=+!3ƒ*, " …=H A “>3)= γf = 1,2. |
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Š=*,A %K!=ƒ%A, !=“) 2…= C%“2% ……= |
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, "! A ……= …=+!3ƒ*, |
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!="…/ |
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g = ∑ γ f g |
n |
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(1) |
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p = γ |
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pn |
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f |
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o!, %K/)…%A “2=2,) “*%A !=“) 2 … !=ƒ! ƒ…/. K=>%* C! - C%>=+= 2“ H=!…,!…% %C,!=…, ,. …= %C%!/, … C! C 2“2"3E- ? C%"%!%23 %C%!…/. “ ) …,L (!,“. 5,=). o>,2= › ! K!,“2%+% C ! *!/2, , K3 3), A%…%>,2…% “" ƒ=……%L “ K=>*=A,, … A%› 2 “"%K% …% C%"%!=),"=2@“ …= C!%A ›32%)…/. %C%!=. (!,“.5, K).
}2% 3C!3+% ƒ=? A> …, C>,2/ …= C!%A ›32%)…/. %C%!=. %2!=›= 2“ +>="…/A %K!=ƒ%A …= ,ƒ+,K=E?,.A%A …2=." “ ) …, . “! …,. C!%> 2%". d> *%“" ……%+% 3) 2= 3C!3+%+% ƒ=? A> …, C>,2/ "% "2%!%“2 C ……/. K=>*=. " *=) “2" 3“>%"…%L !=“) 2…%L C%“2% ……%L , "! A ……%L …=+!3ƒ%* C!,…,A=E2
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q′ = g* + |
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p*; |
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p′ = |
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p*, |
(2) |
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+ g* = gb , !*= pb O “%%2" 2“2" ……% C%“2% ……= , "! A ……= !=“) 2…/ …=+!3ƒ*,, C% “),2=……/ “ 3) 2%A *%.--, , …2%" …= ›…%“2, C% …=+!3ƒ* , L“2"3E?, …= 1 C%+.A K=>*, H,!,…%L b = 1 A.
=) |
K) |
")
p,“.5.q. A/ %C,!=…, K=>%)…%L C>,2/ …= C!%A ›32%)…/ %C%!/:
= O !=“) 2…= ; K O -=*2,) “*= ;
1 O C>,2=; 2 O "2%!%“2 C ……/ K=>*,
r*=ƒ=……%A3 C ! !=“C! > …,E …=+!3ƒ*, “%%2" 2“2"3 2 3A …@H …, C%"%!%2= %C%!…/. “ ) …,L, *%2%!% 2 A “=A/A *=* K/ 3),2/"= 2 3C!3+% ƒ=? A> …, C>,2/ …= %C%!=..
o!, “2=2,) “*%A !=“) 2 K=>%)…%L C>,2/ (K=>*, H,!,…%L b=1 A) A%›…% … “2!%,2@.CE!3 l, %“2=2%)…% %C! >,2@A%A …- 2/ 2%>@*% " !=“) 2…/.“ ) …, .(" “ ! ,… C!%> 2%" , …= %C%!=.). l%A …2/ " C>,2 , !3+,. .> A …2=. A%…%>,2…%+% C ! - *!/2, %C! > E2“ >,K% C% 3C!3+%L “2= ,,, >,K% “ 3) 2%A %K!=ƒ%"=…, C>=“2,) “*,. H=!…,!%". d> C ! *!/2,L C!%A/H- > ……/. “%%!3› …,L, C% " !› ……/. L“2",E ,…=A,) “*,. …=- +!3ƒ%*, A%›…% ! *%A … %"=2@ !=“) 2 C% 3C!3+%L “2= ,,.b.2%A “>3)= C!, !="…/. C!%> 2=. … !=ƒ! ƒ…%L K=>*, ,>, C!%> 2=.,
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%2>,)=E?,.“ !3+ %2 !3+= … K%> , ) A …= 10%, ,ƒ+,K=E?, A%A …2/ A%›…% %C! >,2@ “ C%A%?@E "“C%A%+=2 >@…/.2=K>, (C!,>.1 , 2).bC!%2,"…%A “>3)= , “>, C!%> 2/ %2>,)=E2“ !3+ %2 !3+= K%> , ) A …= 10%, … %K.% ,A% C%>@ƒ%"=2@“ %K?,A, A 2% =A, “2!%,2 >@…%L A .=…,*,.
hƒ 2 %!,, !=“) 2= A…%+%C!%> 2…/. … !=ƒ! ƒ…/. K=>%* ,ƒ- " “2…%, )2% “>, C!%> 2%" K%> C 2,, 2% A%A …2/ " *!=L…,.C!%- > 2=. (C !"%A , C%“> … A) %C! > 2“ *=* A%A …2/ " C !"%A C!%> 2 C 2,C!%> 2…%L K=>*,; A%A …2/, "%-"2%!/., %2 *!= C!%> 2%"O "2%!%A , C! C%“> … AO %C! > E2“ *=* A%A …- 2/ "% "2%!%A C!%> 2 , = "% "“ . C!%A ›32%)…/. C!%> 2=.O *=* " “! … A (2! 2@ A) C!%> 2 C 2,C!%> 2…%L K=>*,.`…=>%+,)…% %C! > E2“ ,ƒ+,K=E?, A%A …2/ …= %C%!=. (!,“.6,=).
Š=*,A %K!=ƒ%A, " C>,2 “ C 2@E C!%> 2=A, , K%> … %K-
.% ,A% …=L2, C 2@ ƒ…=) …,L ,ƒ+,K=E?,. A%A …2%": l1, l2, l3, l", l“.
=)
K)
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p,“.6.j !=“) 23 A…%+%C!%> 2…%L K=>%)…%L C>,2/:
= O %K?,L ", K=>%)…%L C>,2/; K O !=“) 2…= “. A= C 2,C!%> 2…%L K=>%)…%L C>,2/; " O “. A/ …=,… "/+% … LH +% ƒ=+!3› …, K=>%)…%L C>,2/ C%“2% ……%L (qT) , "! A ……%L (!T) …=+!3ƒ*=A,
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l%A …2/ l1#l2#l3 …=,K%>@H, C%>%›,2 >@…/ A%A …2/
(Mmax) “%%2" 2“2" ……% " 1, 2 , 3-A C!%> 2=., = A%A …2/ l", l“ O …=,K%>@H, %2!, =2 >@…/ A%A …2/ (Mmin) “%%2" 2“2" ……% …= "2%!%L , 2! 2@ L %C%!=..g…=) …, .2,. A%A …2%" %C! > E2
“ 3) 2%A … "/+% … LH +% !=“C%>%› …, "! A ……%L …=+!3ƒ*,
(!,“. 6, K, "). q. A/ … "/+% … LH +% !=“C%>%› …, |
…=+!3ƒ*, |
3“2=…=">,"=E2“ “ C%A%?@E “%%2" 2“2"3E?,. >,…,L ">, …, |
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> A%A …2%" " !=“) 2…/. “ ) …, .. |
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hƒ+,K=E?, A%A …2/ " !=“) 2…/. “ ) …, . %C! >,A ,ƒ |
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-%!A3>/ |
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M = M g ′ + M p′ = α* g ′lпл2 + β* p′lпл2 , |
(3) |
+ α*O *%.--, , …2/ ">, …, %2 L“2", C%“2% ……%L …=- +!3ƒ*, qT; β*O *%.--, , …2/ ">, …, %2 L“2", "! A ……%L C%> ƒ…%L …=+!3ƒ*, !′ (C!,>.1).
p=“) 2/ A%›…% C! “2=",2@ " 2=K>,)…%L -%!A (2=K>. 2).
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Š = K > , = 2 |
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Сечение |
Схема |
α* |
α*q ′lпл2 |
β* |
в* p′lпл2 |
M = Mq ′ + M p′ |
загружения |
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1 |
1 |
0,0779 |
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0,0989 |
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2 |
2 |
0,0329 |
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0,0789 |
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3 |
1 |
0,0461 |
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0,0855 |
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В |
3 |
–0,1053 |
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–0,1196 |
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Вгр |
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С |
4 |
–0,0799 |
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–0,1112 |
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Сгр |
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nC! >," l1, l2, l3, l" , l“, … %K.% ,A% %C%>…,2 >@…% C% “),2=2@ ƒ…=) …, A%A …2%" C% +!=… A "2%!%“2 C ……/. K=>%*.
}2% >= 2“ C%2%A3, )2% C% %“, ! K!= K=>*, -=*2,) “*= "/“%2= C>,2/ K%>@H "/“%2/ A › 3 ! K!=A,, 2=* *=* " !=K%23 C>,2/ "*>E)= 2“ )=“2@ ! K!= (“A.!,“.5,").b“> “2", .2%+% > C>,2/ K%> %C=“…/A "> 2“ “ ) …, C% +!=…, "2%!%“2 C ……%L K=>*,. l%A …2/ C% +!=… A %C%! ("2%!%“2 C ……/. K=>%*) A%›…% C!,- K>,› ……% C% “),2=2@ C% -%!A3>
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(q′ + p′)
M+! = ˆl%“ˆ# |
4 |
lC> b"2 , |
(4) |
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+ l%“ O ƒ…=) …, A%A …2= C% %“, %C%!/ (C% A% 3>E); lC>O C!%> 2 C>,2/ (!=““2% …, A › 3 %“ A, "2%!%“2 C ……/. K=>%*);
b"2O H,!,…= "2%!%“2 C ……%L K=>*,.
2.2. nC! ) …, C %?=), “ …, =! =23!/ " C ,2
d> .> A …2%" A%…%>,2…%+% ! K!,“2%+% C ! *!/2, %K/)…% C!,…,A=E2 K 2%… *>=““= … A … b20, “2 !›… "3E =!A=23!3 ,ƒ “2=>, *>=““%" `-11, `-111 ,>, %K/*…%" ……3E =!A=23!…3E C!%- "%>%*3 *>=““%" b-1, b!-1 (!,“.7).
b ƒ=",“,A%“2, %2 C!,… 2%+% > ,ƒ+%2%"> …, C ! *!/2, *>=““= K 2%…= …=ƒ…=)=E2 !=“) 2…% “%C!%2,"> …, Rb, = C% *>=“- “3 =!A=23!/O !=“) 2…% “%C!%2,"> …, =!A=23!/ Rs (C!,>. 3, 2=K>.1 , 2).
p,“.7.p=“) 2…= “. A= > C% K%!= C!% %>@…%L =!A=23!/
p=““A%2!,A C%“> %"=2 >@…%“2@ C% K%!= C!% %>@…%L =!A=- 23!/ " C>,2 A%…%>,2…%+% C ! *!/2, .o%> ƒ…3E "/“%23 C>,2/ 32%)…,A C% …=,K%>@H A3 C!%> 2…%A3 ,>, %C%!…%A3 A%A …23. g= ="H,“@ %C2,A=>@…/A > 2%…*,. C>,2 C!% …2%A =!A,!%"=- …, μ %=(0,6#0,9) %, %C! >,A %2…%“,2 >@…3E "/“%23 “›=2%L ƒ%…/ K 2%…=:
ξ = |
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= |
μ% |
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Rs |
≤ ξR , |
(5) |
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h0 100 |
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Rb |
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+ ξRO +!=…,)…% ƒ…=) …, %2…%“,2 >@…%L "/“%2/ “›=2%L ƒ%…/ K 2%…= (2=K>.2 C!,>.4).g=2 A C% 2=K>.1 (C!,>.4) …=L A “%%2-
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" 2“2"3E? ƒ…=) …,E ξ ƒ…=) …, `0 , C% “),2= A C%> ƒ…3E "/“%23 C>,2/:
, |
(6) |
+ b = 100 “A C!, 3“>%",,, )2% lmax , Rb “%%2" 2“" ……% " *m “A , *m/“A2.
o%>…= "/“%2= C>,2/ h = h0 + = (= = 15#20 AA).o% %K!=……3E "/- “%23 C>,2/ “%.!=… A "% "“ .C!%> 2=., C! "=!,2 >@…% %*!3+>,"
“ 2%)…%“2@E % “=…2,A 2!=.Š C !@, ƒ…= hC>, C% !=“) 2…/A C!%> 2…/A , %C%!…/A A%A …2=A (2=K>. 3) %C! >,A C>%?= @
!=K%) L (C!% %>@…%L) =!A=23!/ " !=“) 2…/. “ ) …, . C>,2/. d> .2%+% “…=)=>= > *=› %+% !=“) 2…%+% “ ) …, %C! > A C=!=A 2! `0:
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Mi |
(7) |
A0 = bh2R |
≤ A0R |
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0 b |
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, “%%2" 2“2"3E? A3 ƒ…=) …, %2…%“,2 >@…%+% C> )= "…3- 2! …… L C=!/ “,> η (C!,>.4).o>%?= @ =!A=23!/ …=L A ,ƒ ƒ=- ",“,A%“2,
A = |
Mi |
. |
(8) |
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s |
ηh0Rs |
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p=“) 2 =!A=23!/ %K/)…% "/C%>… E2 " 2=K>,)…%L -%!A (“A. 2=K>.3).
Š = K > , = 3
Сече- |
М, |
h0= |
A0 |
η |
As расч, |
Сорта- |
As факт, |
Ss, |
μ, % |
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= h–a, |
мент |
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ние |
кн.м |
см2 |
см2 |
см |
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см |
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nsxds |
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Вгр |
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Сгр |
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q2%>K / 7#9 2=K>.3 ƒ=C%>… E2 " C!% ““ *%…“2!3,!%"=…, =!A=23!…%+% *=!*=“= C>,2/ (C!,>.5).t=*2,) “*,L C!% …2 =!- A,!%"=…, %C! > E2 C% -%!A3>
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. μ% = 100As факт %. (9) bh0
2.3. q. / =! ,!%"=…, K= % …/. C ,2
g= =)= *%…“2!3,!%"=…, =!A=23!/ " C>,2 "*>E)= 2 "/K%! “C%“%K= =!A,!%"=…, , C% K%! ,=A 2!%" !=K%),.“2 !›… L ds ,,. ),“>= …= C%+%……/L A 2! ns ,>, H=+= =!A=23!/ Ss, )2% C%ƒ"%>,2 "/C%>…,2@ =!A=23!…/L ) !2 ›.
b%ƒA%›…/ "= “C%“%K= =!A,!%"=…, C>,2/: %2 >@…/A, “2 !›… A, (" ƒ=…/A, “ 2*=A,) ,>, “"=!…/A, “ 2*=A,.o !"/L “C%“%K ! *%A … 3 2“ C!,A … 2@ C!, ,…=A,) “*,. …=+!3ƒ*=.,L“2"3E?,. …= “%%!3› …, , = 2=*› " 2 . “>3)= ., *%+ = C>,2/ ,A E2 “>%›…3E *%…-,+3!= ,E " C>=… ,>, K%>@H% *%>,) “2"% %2" !“2,L, )2% )=“2% "“2! )= 2“ " C!%A/H> ……%A “2!%,2 >@“2" . n“2=…%",A“ …= %“…%"…/. C!=",>=. =!A,!%"=…, C>,2 A%…%>,2- …%+% C ! *!/2, .
bC>,2=. 2%>?,…%L % 15 “A *%>,) “2"% !=K%),. “2 !›… L …= 1 C%+.A %>›…% K/2@ … A … C 2, (!=““2% …, A › 3 “2 !›… A, 20 “A) , … K%> ) 2/!…= =2, (!=““2% …, A › 3 “2 !›… A, 7 “A).bC>,2=.2%>?,…%L K%> 15“A !=““2% …, A › 3 “2 !›… A,%>›…% K/2@ … K%> 1,5 hC>.
d,=A 2! !=K%),. “2 !›… L %K/)…% 3#12 AA, = " %“%K ……% 2%>“2/. C>,2=.O % 18AA.
b % …%L C>,2 … “> 3 2 C!,…,A=2@ K%> 2! . !=ƒ>,)…/.,=A 2!%".
o!, 3 =)…%A C% K%! “2 !›… L C>%?= @=!A=23!/ %>›…= %2- *>%… 2@“ %2 !=“) 2…%L … K%> ) A …= 10%.n2*>%… …, "A …@- H3E “2%!%…3 … %>›…% C! "/H=2@ 2#3%.n“%K ……% 2?=2 >@…% “> 3 2 C% K,!=2@ =!A=23!3 " “! …,.C!%> 2=., …= “! …,.%C%- !=., C%“*%>@*3 ),“>% ,., *=* C!=",>%, " >,*% ,, “> %"=2 >@…%,
!=“.% =!A=23!/ …= …,. %*=ƒ/"= 2“ |
“=A/A K%>@H,A. |
o !C … ,*3> !…% !=K%) L =!A=23! 3*>= /"= 2“ 2=* …=- |
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ƒ/"= A= !=“C! >,2 >@…= =!A=23!=, “ ) …, *%2%!%L %>›…% |
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“%“2="> 2@ … A … 10% %2 “ ) …, |
!=K%) L =!A=23!/, …% … |
A … 2! . “2 !›… L …= 1 C%+.A.p=“C! >,2 >@…= =!A=23!= “2=-
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",2“ > !=“C! > …, A “2…%L …=+!3ƒ*, (+>="…/A %K!=ƒ%A “%“! %2%) ……%L) …= K%>@H,L 3)=“2%* C>,2/, ,ƒ-ƒ= ) +% .2= =!A=23!= , C%>3),>= …=ƒ"=…, !=“C! >,2 >@…%L; > 3 !›=- …, !=K%),. “2 !›… L %2 “A ? …, C!, K 2%…,!%"=…,, (" .2%A ƒ=*>E)= 2“ A%…2=›…= !%>@ !=“C! >,2 >@…%L =!A=23!/); > "%“C!, 2, A%A …2%" " …=C!="> …,,, C !C … ,*3> !…%A C!%- > 23 C>,2/ , > “%C!%2,"> …, !=“*!/2,E 2! ?,… "“> “2", 3“= *, , *%> K=…, 2 AC !=23!/.
`! ,!%"=…, “"=!…/ , “ 2*= ,. `!A,!%"=…, “"=!…/A, “ 2- *=A, A%› 2 K/2@ … C! !/"…/A (!3>%……/A, “ 2*=A,) ,>, !=ƒ->@…/A (%2 >@…/A, C>%“*,A, “ 2*=A,).(!,“.8).
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